Advances in Mutagenesis Research 2

Evolution of DNA Sequence Contributions of Mutational Bias and Selection to the Origin of Chromosomal Compartments.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Composition-Based Selection in Genomes.- 3 Effects of Mutational Bias on Genome Composition and Structure.- 4 Molecular Mechanisms of the Mutational Bias.- 5 Conclusions.- References.- Dynamic Banding for High-Resolution Analysis of Chromosomes and Assignment of DNA Replication Times.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cell Cycle and DNA Replication.- 3 BrdUrd Incorporation and Detection.- 4 Dynamic Bands.- 5 Applications.- 6 Important Topics Concerning Dynamic Bands.- 7 Conclusion.- References.- Mutational Bias, Molecular Ecology, and Chromosome Evolution.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Sequence Organization Along the Banded Chromosome.- 3 Subclasses of Bands.- 4 Chromosome Mutations Associated with Band Subsets.- 5 The Constant Molecular Clock and Molecular Ecology.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- Automated Cytogenetics in the Study of Mutagenesis and Cancer.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Image Analysis in Cytogenetics.- 3 Metaphase Location.- 4 Visual Scoring Using an Automated Microscope.- 5 Automatic Scoring of Aberrations.- 6 Cancer Cytogenetics.- 7 Conclusions.- References.- Chromosome Aberrations of Blood Lymphocytes Induced by Low-Level Doses of Ionizing Radiation.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Theoretical Considerations on the Effect of Ionizing Radiation.- 3 In Vivo Investigations on Chromosome Aberrations.- 4 In Vitro Experiments.- 5 Discussion.- 6 Conclusions.- References.- The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: I. The Search for Time Clusters: Epidemics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 The ECLAMC.- 3 Identifying the Population at Risk.- 4 The Monitoring of Teratogens.- 5 The Monitoring of Mutagens (Sentinel Anomalies).- 6 What to do with the Alarms.- References.- The Surveillance of Birth Defects in South America: II. The Search for Geographic Clusters: Endemics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Focus.- 3 Rumors.- 4 Endemics.- References.- Individual Genetic Counseling or Eugenics.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Individual Genetic Counseling.- 3 Eugenics.- 4 Eugenics and Individual Genetic Counseling.- References.- The Use of Intact Mammalian Cells as Metabolic Activation Systems in Mutagenicity Tests.- 1 Shortcomings of Subcellular S-9 Mix as Activation System.- 2 Intact Mammalian Cells Competent in Metabolizing Xenobiotics.- 3 Isolated and Cultured Hepatocytes.- 4 Genotoxicity Studies with Primary Hepatocytes.- 5 Epithelial Liver Cell Lines in Genotoxicity Studies.- 6 Cell-Mediated Assays in Genotoxicity Studies: Problem of Cell-to-Cell Transfer of Reactive Metabolites.- 7 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Cell Transformation in Vitro by Mutagens/Carcinogens.- 1 Introduction.- 2 In Vitro Transformation Systems.- 3 Cytogenetics of Cell Transformation in Vitro.- 4 Molecular Changes in the in Vitro Transformation Process.- 5 Conclusion.- References.