Longman Writer, The, Brief Edition
Description
The Longman Writer with MyWritingLab draws on decades of teaching experience to integrate the best of the "product" and "process" approaches to writing. Emphasis on the reading-writing connection, focus on invention and revision, and attention to the fact that patterns blend in actual writing are delivered with clear, step-by-step writing instruction and extensive practice activities and assignments-more than 500 in all.
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Content
Preface xv
Part I
The Reading Process
1 Becoming a Critical Reader
Stage 1: Get an Overview of the Selection
Stage 2: Deepen Your Sense of the Selection
Stage 3: Evaluate the Selection
Assessing Visuals in a Reading
</b>Assessing an Image: An Example
Assessing a Graph: An Example
<b> A Model Annotated Reading
</b> Ellen Goodman, "Family Counterculture"
<b>
Part II
The Writing Process
2 Getting Started Through Prewriting
Use Prewriting to Get Started
</b>Keep a Journal
The Pre-Reading Journal Entry
Understand the Boundaries of the Assignment
Determine Your Purpose, Audience, Tone, and Point of View
Discover Your Essay's Limited Subject
Generate Raw Material About Your Limited Subject
Conduct Research
Organize the Raw Material
<b> Activities: Getting Started Through Prewriting
3 Identifying a Thesis
What Is a Thesis?
Finding a Thesis
</b><b> Writing an Effective Thesis
</b>Tone and Point of View
Implied Pattern of Development
Including a Plan of Development
1. Don't Write a Highly Opinionated Statement
2. Don't Make an Announcement
3. Don't Make a Factual Statement
4. Don't Make a Broad Statement
<b> Arriving at an Effective Thesis
Placing the Thesis in an Essay
Activities: Identifying a Thesis
4 Supporting the Thesis with Evidence
What Is Evidence?
How Do You Find Evidence?
</b>How the Patterns of Development Help Generate Evidence
<b> Characteristics of Evidence
</b>The Evidence Is Relevant and Unified
The Evidence Is Specific
The Evidence Is Adequate
The Evidence Is Dramatic
The Evidence Is Accurate
The Evidence Is Representative
Borrowed Evidence Is Documented
<b> Activities: Supporting the Thesis with Evidence
5 Organizing the Evidence
Use the Patterns of Development
Select an Organizational Approach
</b>Chronological Approach
Spatial Approach
Emphatic Approach
Simple-to-Complex Approach
<b> Prepare an Outline
Activities: Organizing the Evidence
6 Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft
How to Move from Outline to First Draft
General Suggestions on How to Proceed
If You Get Bogged Down
A Suggested Sequence for Writing the First Draft
</b>1. Write the Supporting Paragraphs
2. Write Other Paragraphs in the Essay's Body
3. Write the Introduction
4. Write the Conclusion
5. Write the Title
<b> Pulling It All Together
Sample First Draft
</b> Harriet Davids, "Challenges for Today's Parents"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Writing the Paragraphs in the First Draft
7 R evising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
Five Strategies to Make Revision Easier
</b>Set Your First Draft Aside for a While
Work from Printed Text
Read the Draft Aloud
View Revision as a Series of Steps
Evaluate and Respond to Instructor Feedback
Peer Review: An Additional Revision Strategy
Evaluate and Respond to Peer Review
<b> Revising Overall Meaning and Structure
Revising Paragraph Development
Sample Student Revision of Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
Activities: Revising Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
8 Revising Sentences and Words
Revising Sentences
</b>Make Sentences Consistent with Your Tone
Make Sentences Economical
Vary Sentence Type
Vary Sentence Length
Make Sentences Emphatic
<b> Revising Words 1
</b>Make Words Consistent with Your Tone
Use an Appropriate Level of Diction
Avoid Words That Overstate or Understate
Select Words with Appropriate Connotations
Use Specific Rather Than General Words
Use Strong Verbs
Delete Unnecessary Adverbs
Use Original Figures of Speech
Avoid Sexist Language
<b> Sample Student Revision of Sentences and Words
Activities: Revising Sentences and Words
</b><b>
9 Editing and Proofreading
Edit Carefully
Use the Appropriate Manuscript Format
Proofread Closely
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Proofreading
</b> Harriet Davids, "Challenges for Today's Parents"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Editing and Proofreading
Part III
The Patterns of Development
10 Description
What Is Description?
How Description Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Description in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Marie Martinez, "Salt Marsh"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Description
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Description
</b> Mario Suárez, "El Hoyo"
Cherokee Paul McDonald, "A View from the Bridge"
Gordon Parks, "Flavio's Home"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Description
11 Narration
What Is Narration?
How Narration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Narration in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Paul Monahan, "If Only"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Narration
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Narration
</b> Audre Lorde, "The Fourth of July"
Lynda Barry, "The Sanctuary of School"
Joan Murray, "Someone's Mother"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Narration
12 Illustration
What Is Illustration?
How Illustration Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Illustration in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Michael Pagano, "Pursuit of Possessions"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Illustration
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Illustration
</b> Kay S. Hymowitz, "Tweens: Ten Going On Sixteen"
Beth Johnson, "Bombs Bursting in Air"
France Borel, "The Decorated Body"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Illustration
13 Division-Classification
What Is Division-Classification?
How Division-Classification Fits Your Purpose and Audience Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Division-Classification in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Gail Oremland, "The Truth About College Teachers"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Division-Classification
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Division-Classification
</b> Ann McClintock, "Propaganda Techniques in Today's Advertising"
Scott Russell Sanders, "The Men We Carry in Our Minds"
Bianca Bosker, "How Teens Are Really Using Facebook: It's a 'Social Burden,' Pew Study Finds"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Division-Classification
</b><b>
14 Process Analysis
What Is Process Analysis?
How Process Analysis Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Process Analysis in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Robert Barry, "Becoming a Recordoholic"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Process Analysis
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Process Analysis
</b> Amy Sutherland, "What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage"
David Shipley, "Talk About Editing"
Alex Horton, "On Getting By"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Process Analysis
15 Comparison-Contrast
What Is Comparison-Contrast?
How Comparison-Contrast Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Comparison-Contrast in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Carol Siskin, "The Virtues of Growing Older"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Comparison-Contrast
</b> Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Comparison-Contrast
</b> Eric Weiner, "Euromail and Amerimail"
Patricia Cohen, "Reality TV: Surprising Throwback to the Past?"
Alex Wright, "Friending, Ancient or Otherwise"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Comparison-Contrast
16 Cause-Effect
What Is Cause-Effect?
How Cause-Effect Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
</b><b> Strategies for Using Cause-Effect in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Carl Novack, "Americans and Food"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Cause-Effect
</b> Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Cause-Effect
</b> Stephen King, "Why We Crave Horror Movies"
Belinda Luscombe, "The Science of Romance: Why We Flirt"
Josie Appleton, "The Body Piercing Project"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Cause-Effect
17 Definition
What Is Definition?
How Definition Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Definition in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Laura Chen, "Physics in Everyday Life"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Definition
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Definition
</b> Ann Hulbert, "Beyond the Pleasure Principle"
Laura Fraser, "The Inner Corset"
Keith Johnson, "Who's a Pirate? In Court, a Duel over Definitions"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Definition
18 Argumentation-Persuasion
What Is Argumentation-Persuasion?
How Argumentation-Persuasion Fits Your Purpose and Audience
Prewriting Strategies
Strategies for Using Argumentation-Persuasion in an Essay
Revision Strategies
Student Essay: From Prewriting Through Revision
</b> Mark Simmons, "Compulsory National Service"
Commentary
<b> Activities: Argumentation-Persuasion
</b>Prewriting Activities
Revising Activities
<b> Professional Selections: Argumentation-Persuasion
</b> Anna Quindlen, "Driving to the Funeral"
Mary Sherry, "In Praise of the "F" Word"
<b> Debating the Issues: Gender-Based Education
</b> Gerry Garibaldi, "How the Schools Shortchange Boys"
Michael Kimmel, "A War Against Boys?"
<b> Debating the Issues: Government Regulation to Help Control Obesity and Related Diseases
</b> Robert Lustig, Laura Schmidt, and Claire Brindis, "The Toxic Truth About Sugar"
Michael Marlow and Sherzod Abdukadirov, "Government Intervention Will Not Solve Our Obesity Problem"
<b> Additional Writing Topics: Argumentation-Persuasion
Part IV
The Research Essay
19 Locating, Evaluating, Analyzing, and Synthesizing Research Sources
Plan the Research
</b>Understand the Essay's Boundaries
Choose a General Subject
Prewrite to Limit the General Subject
Understand Primary versus Secondary Research
Conduct Preliminary Research
Identify a Tentative (Working) Thesis
Make a Schedule
<b> Conduct Primary Research
</b>Conduct Interviews
Carry Out Surveys
<b> Conduct Secondary Research
</b>Find Books on Your Subject
Find Periodicals on Your Subject
Find Sources on the Internet
Know the Advantages and Limitations of the Library and the Web
<b> Prepare a Working Bibliography and Take Notes
</b>Record Information About the Source
Take Notes on the Source
<b> Evaluate Sources and Analyze Information
</b> Evaluate Sources
Analyze Information
<b> Use Quotation, Summary, and Paraphrase to Synthesize Research While Avoiding Plagiarism
</b>Plagiarism
Direct Quotation
<b> Summary
</b>Paraphrase
<b>Activities: Locating, Evaluating, and Integrating Research Sources
20 Writing the Research Essay
Refine Your Working Thesis
Sort Your Research Results
Organize the Evidence by Outlining
Write the First Draft
Integrate Sources into Your Writing
</b>Using Sources Effectively
Awkward Use of a Quotation
Effective Use of a Source
Introducing a Source
Using Variety in Attributions
Shortening or Clarifying Quotations
Capitalizing and Punctuating Short Quotations
<b> Document Sources to Avoid Plagiarism
</b>What Needs to Be Documented?
What Does Not Need to Be Documented?
<b> Creating In-Text References: MLA Format
Revise, Edit, and Proofread the First Draft
Prepare the Works Cited List: MLA Format
</b> General Instructions for the MLA Works Cited
Citing Print Sources-Periodicals
Citing Print Sources-Books
Citing Sources Found on a Website
Citing Sources Found Through an Online Database or Scholarly Project
Citing Other Common Sources
<b> Prepare the References List: APA Format
</b>Parenthetic Citations in the Text
General Instructions for the APA References List
Citing Print Sources-Periodicals
Citing Print Sources-Books
Citing Sources Found on a Website
Citing Sources Found Through an Online Database or Scholarly Project
Citing Other Common Sources
<b> Student Research Paper: MLA-Style Documentation
</b>Commentary
<b> Student Research Paper: APA-Style Documentation
Activities: Writing the Research Essay
Part V
The Literary Essay and Exam Essay
21 Writing About Literature
Elements of Literary Works
</b>Literary Terms
<b> How to Read a Literary Work
</b>Read to Form a General Impression
Ask Questions About the Work
Reread and Annotate
Modify Your Annotations
<b> Write the Literary Analysis
</b>Prewrite
Identify Your Thesis
Support the Thesis with Evidence
Organize the Evidence
Write the First Draft
Revise Overall Meaning, Structure, and Paragraph Development
Edit and Proofread
<b> Pulling It All Together
</b>Read to Form a General Impression
Langston Hughes, "Early Autumn"
<b> Student Essay
</b> Karen Vais, "Stopping to Talk"
Commentary
<b> Additional Selections and Writing Assignments
</b> Robert Frost, "Out, Out-"
Kate Chopin, "The Story of an Hour"
<b>
22 Writing Exam Essays
Three Forms of Written Answers
</b>Short Answers
Paragraph-Length Answers
Essay-Length Answers
<b> How to Prepare for Exam Essays
At the Examination
</b>Survey the Entire Test
Understand the Essay Question
<b> Write the Essay
</b>Prewrite
Identify Your Thesis
Support the Thesis with Evidence
Organize the Evidence
Write the Draft
Revise, Edit, and Proofread
Sample Essay Answer
Commentary
<b> Activity: Writing Exam Essays
</b>