Toxicology Handbook

Chapter 1: Approach to the poisoned patient1.1 Approach to the 'Poisoned Patient'1.2 Resuscitation1.3 Risk Assessment1.4 Supportive Care and Monitoring1.5 Investigations1.6 Gastrointestinal Decontamination1.7 Enhanced Elimination1.8 Antidotes1.9 DispositionChapter 2: Specific considerations2.1 Approach to Coma2.2 Approach to Hypotension2.3 Approach to Seizures2.4 Agitated Delirium2.5 Serotonin Syndrome2.6 Anticholinergic Syndrome2.7 Cholinergic Syndrome2.8 Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome2.9 Alcohol Abuse, Dependence and Withdrawal2.10 Sedative-Hypnotic Withdrawal2.11 Opioid Withdrawal2.12 Body Packers and Stuffers2.13 Principles of Snakebite Management in Australia2.14 Osmolality and Osmolar Gap2.15 Approach to Acid-Base Problems2.16 The 12-lead ECG in Toxicology2.17 Pregnancy and Lactation2.18 Paediatric Considerations2.19 Poisoning in the ElderlyChapter 3: Toxic drugs3.1 Alcohol: Ethanol3.2 Alcohol: Ethylene glycol3.3 Alcohol: Isopropylalcohol3.4 Alcohol: Methanol3.5 Alcohols: Other Toxic Alcohols3.6 Amiodarone3.7 Amisulpride3.8 Amphetamines3.9 Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors3.10 Anticoagulant Rodenticides3.11 Antihistamines: Non-Sedating3.12 Antihistamines: Sedating3.13 Arsenic3.14 Beta-Blockers3.15 Baclofen3.16 Benzodiazepines3.17 Benztropine3.18 Bupropion3.19 Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs)3.20 Cannabinoids (Marijuana)3.21 Carbamazepine3.22 Carbon Monoxide3.23 Chloroquine3.24 Clonidine3.25 Clozapine3.26 Cocaine3.27 Colchicine3.28 Corrosives3.29 Cyanide3.30 Digoxin: Acute Overdose3.31 Digoxin: Chronic Poisoning3.32 Diphenoxylate - Atropine3.33 Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)3.34 Glyphosate3.35 Hydrocarbons3.36 Hydrofluoric Acid3.37 Insulin3.38 Iron3.39 Isoniazid3.40 Lead3.41 Lithium: Acute Overdose3.42 Lithium Chronic Toxicity3.43 Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors3.44 Mercury3.45 Metformin3.46 Methotrexate3.47 Mirtazapine3.48 Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)3.49 Olanzapine3.50 Opioids3.51 Organochlorines3.52 Organophosphorous Agents3.53 Paracetamol: Acute Overdose3.54 Paracetamol: Repeated Supratherapeutic Ingestion3.55 Paraquat3.56 Phenothiazines and Butyrophenones3.57 Phenytoin3.58 Potassium Chloride3.59 Quetiapine3.60 Risperidone3.61 Salicylates3.62 Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)3.63 Strychnine3.64 Sulphonylureas3.65 Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)3.66 Theophylline3.67 Thyroxine3.68 Valproic acid (Sodium Valproate)3.69 Venlafaxine3.70 WarfarinChapter 4: Antidotes4.1 Atropine4.2 Calcium4.3 Cyproheptadine4.4 Desferrioxamine4.5 Dicobalt Edetate4.6 Digoxin Immune Fab4.7 Dimercaprol (British Antilewisite)4.8 Ethanol4.9 Flumazenil4.10 Folinic acid4.11 Fomepizole4.12 Glucagon4.13 Glucose4.14 Hydroxocobalamin4.15 Insulin-Dextrose Euglycaemia4.16 Methylene Blue4.17 N-Acetylcysteine4.18 Naloxone4.19 Octreotide4.20 Penicillamine4.21 Physostigmine4.22 Pralidoxime4.23 Pyridoxine4.24 Sodium Bicarbonate4.25 Sodium Calcium Edetate (EDTA)4.26 Sodium Thiosulfate4.27 Succimer4.28 Vitamin KChapter 5: Envenomings5.1 Snake: Black 5.2 Snake: Brown 5.3 Snake: Death Adder5.4 Snake: Tiger 5.5 Snake: Taipan 5.6 Snake: Sea Snakes5.7 Australian Scorpions5.8 Marine Envenoming: Bluebottle Jellyfish5.9 Marine Envenoming: Stonefish5.10 Marine Envenoming: Box Jellyfish5.11 Marine Envenoming: Irukandji Syndrome5.12 Marine Envenoming: Blue-Ringed Octopus5.13 Spider: Redback5.14 Spider: Funnel-Web (Big Black)5.15 Spider: White-TailedChapter 6: Antivenom6.1 CSL Black Snake Monovalent Antivenom6.2 CSL Brown Snake Monovalent Antivenom 6.3 CSL Death Adder Monovalent Antivenom Snake6.4 CSL Tiger Snake Monovalent Antivenom Snake6.5 CSL Taipan Snake Monovalent Antivenom Snake 6.6 CSL Sea Snake Antivenom 6.7 CSL Polyvalent Snake Antivenom6.8 CSL Stonefish Antivenom6.9 CSL Box Jellyfish Antivenom6.10 CSL Redback Spider Antivenom6.11 CSL Funnel-Web Spider AntivenomAppendicesAppendix 1: PIC Numbers and Other CountriesAppendix 2: Example ECGs (1 page per ECG)Appendix 3: Drug Concentrations and Conversion ChartsAppendix 4: Al