Microsoft DirectX 9 Programmable Graphics Pipeline
Published on 18. June 2003
Book
Mixed media product
496 pages
978-0-7356-1653-0 (ISBN)
Description
Learn how to use programmable shaders in the DirectX 9 graphics pipeline-and deliver awesome 3-D graphics to your animations, games, and other multimedia applications. This book distills hundreds of hours of hands-on guidance from the developers on the Microsoft DirectX team-as well as insights from leading-edge video card manufacturers-into step-by-step instruction and best practices for exploiting the programmable pipeline. You'll see how to program shaders in assembly-language as well as the new high-level shader language (HLSL)-and you get complete code walk throughs for all the sample programs and the DirectX 9 SDK on CD.
Discover how to:
Program vertex shaders to create transformations, apply vertex fog, or deform geometry
Generate 2-D image effects?such as output color inversion-with pixel shaders
Use HLSL to add a semi-transparent glow effect by combining a vertex shader and frame buffer blending
Produce a metallic paint effect by combining a vertex shader, a pixel shader, and a texture shader with multilayer texture blending
Incorporate reflective surfaces into your 3-D scenes by applying an environment-map effect
Experiment with the EffectEdit SDK sample to load and edit effect files and preview results on the fly
Package multiple object-rendering techniques into a single effect for simpler pipeline state management
CD inside
Get code for all the sample programs plus SDKAbout Programmable Shaders. With programmable shaders, you get unprecedented control over rendering options in DirectX 9. You can use vertex shaders to deform geometry, apply procedural textures with pixel and texture shaders, and use effects to encapsulate shader and pipeline state-making code reuse a snap.
CD features: Sample programs that demonstrate:
Vertex shader transformations, lighting, fog, vertex displacement, and vertex blending
Pixel shader texturing, 2-D image processing, and lighting
Texture shader generation of procedural textures
Encapsulating assembly-language and HLSL shaders into an effect
Interactive development of an effect using EffectEdit
DirectX 9 SDK
Fully searchable eBook
For customers who purchase an ebook version of this title, instructions for downloading the CD files can be found in the ebook.
Discover how to:
Program vertex shaders to create transformations, apply vertex fog, or deform geometry
Generate 2-D image effects?such as output color inversion-with pixel shaders
Use HLSL to add a semi-transparent glow effect by combining a vertex shader and frame buffer blending
Produce a metallic paint effect by combining a vertex shader, a pixel shader, and a texture shader with multilayer texture blending
Incorporate reflective surfaces into your 3-D scenes by applying an environment-map effect
Experiment with the EffectEdit SDK sample to load and edit effect files and preview results on the fly
Package multiple object-rendering techniques into a single effect for simpler pipeline state management
CD inside
Get code for all the sample programs plus SDKAbout Programmable Shaders. With programmable shaders, you get unprecedented control over rendering options in DirectX 9. You can use vertex shaders to deform geometry, apply procedural textures with pixel and texture shaders, and use effects to encapsulate shader and pipeline state-making code reuse a snap.
CD features: Sample programs that demonstrate:
Vertex shader transformations, lighting, fog, vertex displacement, and vertex blending
Pixel shader texturing, 2-D image processing, and lighting
Texture shader generation of procedural textures
Encapsulating assembly-language and HLSL shaders into an effect
Interactive development of an effect using EffectEdit
DirectX 9 SDK
Fully searchable eBook
For customers who purchase an ebook version of this title, instructions for downloading the CD files can be found in the ebook.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Redmond
United States
Illustrations
with CD-ROM
Dimensions
Height: 229 mm
Width: 187 mm
Weight
1000 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-7356-1653-0 (9780735616530)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Founded in 1975, Microsoft (Nasdaq 'MSFT') is the worldwide leader in software for personal and business computing. The company offers a wide range of products and services designed to empower people through great software-any time, any place and on any device.
Content
Foreword xiii Acknowledgments xvii Introduction xix PART I PROGRAMMING ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE SHADERS 1 Vertex Shader Introduction 3 Vertex Processing 4 Vertex Shader Tutorial 1: Transforming Vertices 6 Vertex Shader Tutorial 1a: Adding a Diffuse Color 19 Summary 23 2 Vertex Shader Virtual Machine 25 Virtual Machine Block Diagram 25 Shader Layout 27 Registers 28 Instructions 32 Setup Instructions 33 Arithmetic Instructions 34 Macro-Op Instructions 35 Texture Instructions 36 Flow-Control Instructions 36 Modifiers Extend the Virtual Machine 37 Vertex Shader Version Differences 39 Summary 41 3 Vertex Shader Examples 43 Example 1: Vertex Shader Fog 43 Example 2: Vertex Shader SDK Sample 47 Example 3: Vertex Blend SDK Sample 56 Summary 65 4 Pixel Shader Virtual Machine 67 Pixel Processing 67 Pixel Shader Virtual Machine Block Diagram 72 Shader Layout 74 Registers 75 Input Registers for Versions 1_1 to 1_4 76 Output Register for Versions 1_1 to 1_4 77 Input Registers for Version ps_2_0 and Later 77 Instructions 80 Setup Instructions 82 Arithmetic Instructions 83 Macro-Op Instructions 84 Texture Instructions 85 Flow-Control Instructions 87 Instruction Set Summary 89 Modifiers Extend the Virtual Machine 89 Modifiers for Versions 1_1 to 1_4 90 Modifiers for ps_2_0 and Later 92 Pixel Shader Version Differences 92 Summary 93 5 Pixel Shader Examples 95 Example 1: 2-D Image Processing 95 Example 2: Multilayered Textures 101 PART II PROGRAMMING HLSL SHADERS 6 HLSL Introduction 109 Tutorial 1: Start with a Vertex Shader: Hello World 110 Add a Diffuse Color 113 Tutorial 2: Add a Pixel Shader 115 Complementing 118 Darkening 118 Masking the Red Out 119 Displaying Red Only 119 Tutorial 3: Add a Procedural Texture 120 Building the Tutorials 122 Creating Resources 123 Rendering 129 Summary 130 7 The Language 131 Data Types 131 Scalar Types 131 Variable Declaration 132 Type Modifiers 132 Storage Class Modifiers 134 Semantics 135 Annotations 135 Vector Types 135 Matrix Types 138 Constructors 142 Casting 143 Integer Math 144 Complex Data Types 144 Expressions and Statements 149 Statements 155 Functions 160 Function Declaration 160 Function Body 167 Intrinsic Functions 168 Summary 169 8 HLSL Examples 171 Glow Example 171 Apply a Texture 173 Add the Glow 183 Sparkle Example 192 Vertex Shader 195 Texture Shader 198 Pixel Shader 199 Diffuse Only 201 Diffuse and Gloss 201 Diffuse, Gloss, and Sparkle 201 Vertex and Pixel Shader Creation 202 Procedural Texture Creation 204 Environment Map Creation 205 Mesh Creation 206 Render 210 HLSL Experimentation in EffectEdit 211 Summary 212 PART III PROGRAMMING EFFECTS 9 Effect Introduction 215 Effects and the 3-D Pipeline 215 An Effect with an Assembly-Language Vertex Shader 217 Effect Global Variables 218 Effect State 219 HLSL Vertex Shader 222 Characteristics of Effects 225 Save and Restore State 225 Use Multiple Techniques and Passes 227 Share Parameters 229 Use Semantics to Find Parameters 230 Use Handles to Get and Set Parameters 230 Add Parameter Information with Annotations 231 Building an Effect 232 Create an Effect 232 Validate an Effect 234 Render an Effect 234 Summary 236 10 Assembly-Language Effect Examples 237 Example 1: Asm Vertex Shader with Lighting 237 Example 2: Asm Vertex Shader and Pixel Shader with Texturing 243 Example 3: Asm Vertex Shader Environment Map 249 11 HLSL Effect Examples 259 Example 1: Vertex and Pixel Shader with Per-Pixel Lighting 259 Example 2: Multiple-Pass Rendering with Alpha Blending 265 EffectEdit: Interactive Effect Development 274 The Code Pane 274 The Render Pane 275 The Rendering Options Pane 275 The Compile Results Pane 275 Getting an Effect to Run in EffectEdit 276 Example 3: Hemispheric Lighting 278 PART IV APPENDIXES A Vertex Processing 287 Transformations 287 Affine Transform 289 Left-to-Right Order 290 World Transform 291 View Transform 292 Projection Transform 294 Vertex Fog 297 Lights and Materials 299 Ambient Light 300 Diffuse Light 300 Specular Light 301 Emissive Light 302 Light Attenuation 302 Spotlight Cone 303 B Asm Shader Instructions 305 Instructions 305 C HLSL Reference 347 1: Data Types 347 1.1 Intrinsic Types 347 1.2 User-Defined Types 348 1.3 Type Casts 349 2: Operators 351 3: User-Defined Functions 353 3.1 Vertex Shader Semantics 355 3.2 Pixel Shader Semantics 356 3.3 Procedural Texture Shader Semantics 357 4: Intrinsic Functions 357 5: Pixel Shader 1_x Considerations 386 5.1 ps_1_1, ps_1_2, and ps_1_3 387 5.2 ps_1_4 387 5.3 Modifiers 388 5.4 Texture Instructions 391 6: Keywords 397 7: Directives 398 8: Lexical Conventions 398 8.1 White Space 398 8.2 Floating-Point Numbers 399 8.3 Integer Numbers 399 8.4 Characters 400 8.5 Identifiers 401 8.6 Strings 400 9: Grammar 400 9.1 Program 400 9.2 Declarations 400 9.3 Usages 401 9.4 Types 401 9.5 Structures 402 9.6 Annotations 403 9.7 Variables 403 9.8 Initializers 403 9.9 Functions 403 9.10 Techniques 404 9.11 Statements 405 9.12 Expressions 405 9.13 Tokens 407 D Effect Reference 409 1: Effect Format 409 1.1 Variables 409 1.2 Techniques 411 1.3 Passes 411 1.4 Expressions 411 1.5 Annotations 413 1.6 Cloning and Sharing 414 1.7 Handles 415 1.8 IDs and Semantics 416 1.9 Usages 417 1.10 Literals 417 1.11 Validation 418 2: Effect States 418 2.1 Light States 419 2.2 Material States 420 2.3 Render States: Vertex Pipeline vs. Pixel Pipeline 421 2.4 Sampler States 426 2.5 Sampler Stage States 426 2.6 Shader States 428 2.7 Shader Constant States 429 2.8 Texture States 431 2.9 Texture Stage States 431 2.10 Transform States 433 Summary 433 INDEX 435