Networked Applications
A Guide to the New Computing Infrastructure
Published on 11. January 1999
Book
Paperback/Softback
416 pages
978-1-55860-536-7 (ISBN)
Description
Understanding the rich conjunction of networking and computing is essential for anyone involved in the formulation and implementation of new application ideas, whether in business, education, or government. This book offers nonexperts an accessible, thoughtful introduction to the applications and infrastructure in networked computing, providing you with the information to make the right technological and organizational decisions as you work with developers to design or acquire effective computing solutions. On a bookshelf dominated by either lightweight primers or heavyweight treatises, Networked Applications: A Guide to the New Computing Infrastructure stands apart: a smart book for smart people seeking the knowledge to meet new needs and to improve organizational processes.
More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
San Francisco
United States
Publishing group
Elsevier Science & Technology
Target group
College/higher education
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
illustrations
Dimensions
Height: 233 mm
Width: 187 mm
Weight
722 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-55860-536-7 (9781558605367)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
David G. Messerschmitt is the Roger A. Strauch Chaired Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences at the University of California at Berkeley. From 1993-96 he served as Chair of EECS, and prior to 1977 he was with AT&T Bell Laboratories in Holmdel, N.J. He received a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, a member of the National Academy of Engineering, and is the 1999 recipient of the IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal recognizing "exceptional contributions to the advancement of communication sciences and engineering". Messerschmitt's current research interests include wireless access to packet networks, network management, the role of mobile code in network infrastructure, the convergence of computing and communications, and the economics of networks. Messerschmitt is active in new curriculum development bringing highly relevant social science concepts to engineering students and educating a broader crossection of students in information technology. He has initiated both undergraduate and graduate courses in networked applications and computing aimed at social science and business students, and Networked Applications is an outgrowth of this effort. With Hal R. Varian, he also initated a graduate course in the non-technical factors contributing strongly to the success or failure of new high-technology products. Networked Applications is also used in this course, which is taught to a mixture of engineering and business students. Messerschmitt is a co-founder and Director of TCSI Corporation, and a Director of Coastcom Inc. He is on the Advisory Board of the Fisher Center for Management & Information Technology in the Haas School of Business, the Kawasaki Berkeley Concepts Research Center, and the Directorate for Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering at the National Science Foundation. In the University of California Academic Senate, he is a member of the Representative Assembly and an elected member of the Berkeley Divisional Council. From 1993-98 he was a Member of the Computer Sciences and Telecommunications Board (CSTB) of the National Research Council (NRC), and he is currently co-chairing an NRC study on the future of information technology research.
Content
; Preface; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 A Historical Perspective; 1.1.1 Technology View; 1.1.2 User and Organization View; 1.1.3 Unrelenting Change; 1.2 Computing in the Future; Electrification: Lessons from an Earlier Technological Advance; 1.3 Bits are the Atoms of the Information Economy; 1.4 Roadmap to the Book; Any Information Can Be Represented By Bits; Further Reading; Chapter 2 The Applications; 2.1 Users, Organizations, and Applications; 2.1.1 Before Networking; 2.1.2 After Networking; 2.2 Application Building Blocks; 2.3 Social Applications; 2.3.1 Characteristics of User Groups; 2.3.2 Styles of Social Applications; 2.3.3 Remote Conferencing with Shared Workspace; 2.3.4 Groupware; Collaborative Authoring; 2.3.5 Discussion Forums; Calendar and Scheduling; Newsgroups; 2.3.6 Cyberspace Applications; World Wide Web; 2.3.7 Back to the Big Picture; 2.4 Information Management; 2.4.1 Finding Useful Information; 2.4.2 Autonomous Information Sources; 2.5 Education and Training; Role of Push and Pull in Work Groups; 2.6 Business Applications; 2.6.1 Departmental Applications; 2.6.2 Enterprise Applications; SAP: Largest ERP Vendor; Data Warehouses and Data Mining; 2.6.3 Cross-Enterprise Applications: Electronic Commerce; Legacy Applications and the Year 2000 Problem; Dell Computer and Mass Customization; 2.6.4 Consumer Applications; 2.7 Similarity of Social Systems and Networked Computing; amazon.com: On-Line Merchant; 2.8 Open Issues; 2.8.1 The Productivity Quandary; 2.8.2 How Are New Business Applications Invented and Developed?; 2.8.3 The Glut of Information and Communications; 2.8.4 Accommodating Change; Further Reading; Chapter 3 Computers, Networks, and Organizations; 3.1 Computing Systems; 3.1.1 The System Architecture; 3.1.2 Decomposition of Systems; 3.1.3 Hosts and the Network; 3.2 Client/Server Computing; 3.2.1 Two-Tier Client/Server; 3.2.2 Three-Tier Client/Server; 3.2.3 Thin and Ultrathin Clients; 3.2.4 The Future of Client/Server; Data Warehouses and OLAP; An Ultrathin Client: The Network Computer (NC); 3.3 Internet, Intranet, Extranet; 3.3.1 Intranets; 3.3.2 Extranets; 3.3.3 Internet Applications; 3.4 Networked Computing and the Organization; 3.4.1 Rationale for Networked Computing; 3.4.2 The Application Life Cycle; 3.5 Open Issues: What Lies beyond Client/Server Computing?; Further Reading; Chapter 4 Software Architecture and Standardization; 4.1 What Makes a Good Architecture; 4.1.1 Decomposition and Modularity; 4.1.2 Granularity and Hierarchy; 4.1.3 Interfaces: The Module's Face to the World; 4.1.4 Abstraction; Example of Abstraction: The Flora; 4.1.5 Encapsulation; 4.1.6 Modularity and Interfaces in Computing; 4.2 Architecture of the Software Infrastructure; 4.2.1 Goals of the Infrastructure; 4.2.2 Layering; A Layered View of the Life and Social Sciences; 4.3 Standardization; 4.3.1 Reference Models and Interfaces; Standardization within Applications; 4.3.2 Organization of the Standardization Process; International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 4.3.3 Control and Enforcement of Standards; Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF); Chapter 5 Industry and Government; 5.1 Participants, Products, and Services; 5.1.1 Types of Suppliers; 5.1.2 Types of Consumers; 5.1.3 Types of Information Goods; 5.1.4 Types of Software Goods; 5.1.5 Equipment: The Component Model; 5.2 Changes in Industry Structure; 5.2.1 From Stovepipe to Layering; 5.2.2 Less Vertical Integration and More Diversification; Dell as Subsystem Integrator; Information Appliances; 5.2.3 Venture Capital and Start-up Companies; 5.2.4 Computing/Communications Convergence; 5.3 Obstacles to Change; 5.3.1 The Network Effect; 5.3.2 Lock-In; The Success of the Web; The Value of Consumer Lock-In to a Supplier; 5.3.3 Path-Dependent Effects; Microsoft vs. Everybody Else; 5.4 Challenges for Suppliers; 5.4.1 Properties of Information; 5.4.2 How Software Differs from Information; 5.4.3 Protecting Investments with Intellectual Property; 5.4.4 Selling Content and Software; Are Shrink-Wrapped Applications Poor Quality and Overfeatured?; 5.5 Government Roles; 5.5.1 Protecting Intellectual Property; Intellectual Property as a Strategic Tool; 5.5.2 Government Policies and Laws; Patents and Standardization; 5.6 Open Issues; 5.6.1 How Is the Industry Organized?; 5.6.2 Sovereignty and the Global Internet; 5.6.3 The Language of the Internet; 5.6.4 Archiving Digital Information; 5.6.5 A New Partnership; Further Reading; Chapter 6 Application Software; 6.1 Some Overriding Issues; 6.1.1 Software Complexity; 6.1.2 Acquiring an Application; 6.1.3 Development Methodology: Decomposition vs. Assembly; 6.1.4 Software Reuse; Component Standards; 6.1.5 Location of Data and Computation; 6.2 Tightly Coupled Data and Processing Models; 6.2.1 Object-Oriented Programming; Modeling and Representation; 6.2.2 Software Components and Frameworks; Components, Frameworks, and the Industrial Revolution; 6.3 Loosely Coupled Data and Processing; 6.3.1 Database Management; Extending Databases to Objects: ORDBMS and ODBMS; 6.3.2 Document Management: XML; eXtensible Markup Language (XML); Further Reading; Chapter 7 Communications Support for Applications; 7.1 Algorithms, Protocols, and Policies; 7.2 Abstract Communication Services; 7.2.1 Message Service; The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP); Is a Message Delivered for Sure?; 7.2.2 Message with Reply Service; 7.2.3 Timing and Concurrency; 7.2.4 The Session; 7.2.5 The Broadcast; 7.3 Internet Communication Services; 7.3.1 Internet Protocol (IP); 7.3.2 User Datagram Protocol (UDP); 7.3.3 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP); RMI Is Layered on Messages; 7.3.4 Internet Inter-ORB Protocol (IIOP); 7.3.5 Multimedia Sessions; Internet Streaming Message Protocols; Further Reading; Chapter 8 Trustworthiness: Reliability and Security; 8.1 The Facets of Trustworthiness; 8.1.1 Program and System Correctness; Diversity, Reliability, and Security; 8.1.2 Security: Countering External Threats; Uses of Data Replication; Availability, Security, and the Market; Computer Viruses; 8.2 Computer and Network Security Measures; 8.2.1 Encryption Ensures Confidentiality; 8.2.2 Authentication; Certificates and a National Identity Card; 8.2.3 Message Integrity and Nonrepudiation; 8.2.4 Combining Techniques; 8.2.5 Security Policies; Legal Sanctions; 8.3 Electronic Payments; 8.3.1 On-Line Credit Card Systems; Questions about Digital Cash; 8.4 Open Issues; Privacy and Anonymous Digital Cash; 8.4.1 How Do We Deal with Increasing vulnerability?; 8.4.2 National Security and Law Enforcement Needs; 8.4.3 Individual Privacy; 8.4.4 Theft and Piracy of Software and Information; Further Reading; Chapter 9 Middleware Can Assist the Application; 9.1 Message-Oriented Middleware as an Aid to Workflow; 9.2 Transaction Processing; 9.2.1 Example of the Challenges: Travel Reservations; 9.2.2 What Is a Transaction?; 9.2.3 Transaction Processing Architecture; The ACID Properties of Transactions; Open Transaction Processing Standards; 9.3 Mobile Code and Mobile Agents; 9.3.1 Interactivity and Scalability; Mobile Code, Agents, and Objects; 9.3.2 Interoperability; Mobile Code and Network Effects; 9.3.3 Mobile Agents; 9.3.4 Mobile Code and Agent Middleware; Java and Information Appliances; 9.4 Distributed Object Management; Java as a De Facto Standard; 9.4.1 One DOM Standard: CORBA; Java and Security; 9.4.2 Services Offered by DOM; Competing Distributed Object Visions: DCOM and CORBA; 9.4.3 Interoperability among ORBs: IIOP; 9.5 Open Issue: Are Middleware Service Providers Needed?; The OMG Process; Further Reading; Portability vs. Interoperability; Chapter 10 Performance and Quality; 10.1 Performance and Quality Metrics; 10.1.1 Performance; 10.1.2 Quality; 10.1.3 Factors in Performance and Quality; 10.2 The Role of Concurrency; 10.2.1 Concurrency with Multiple Hosts; 10.2.2 Concurrency in a Single Host; Different Forms of Multitasking; 10.2.3 Resource Conflicts and Transactions; Why Networks Use Packets; 10.3 Scalability; Scalability in Production; 10.3.1 Blocking; 10.3.2 Duplicated Work; 10.3.3 Faulty Load Balancing; 10.3.4 Congestion; 10.3.5 The Role of Application Architecture in Scalability; 10.3.6 Mobile Code and Scalability; Today's Operating Systems; 10.4 Operating Systems; Operating Systems and Winner-Take-All Effects; Further Reading; Chapter 11 Networks; 11.1 Functions of a Network; 11.1.1 Sharing: Statistical Multiplexing; Origins of the Internet; 11.1.2 Packet Forwarding and Routing; 11.1.3 Name Services; Simulcast and Multicast; 11.1.4 Flow Control; 11.1.5 Congestion Control; The Value of a Name; 11.2 Quality of Service (QoS); Congestion and Network Externalities; 11.2.1 The Internet Transport Protocols and QoS; Cost of a Congestion Control Infrastructure; 11.2.2 Integrated Services; 11.2.3 Pricing Network Services; The Evolution of the Internet; 11.3 Network Security; 11.3.1 Secure and Insecure Authentication; 11.3.2 Security Flaws in Public Servers; 11.3.3 Firewalls and Packet Filtering; Today's Internet Pricing; Firewalls Limit Innovation; 11.3.4 Where to Use Encryption and Authentication; 11.4 Open Issues; 11.4.1 The Future of the Internet; 11.4.2 Making Money on the Internet; Further Reading; Chapter 12 Communications; 12.1 Communications Service Providers; 12.1.1 Communications Regulation; 12.2 Current Developments in Data Communications; 12.2.1 Broadband Network Access for Residences; 12.2.2 Nomadic and Untethered Internet Access; Internet Roaming; 12.2.3 IP Telephony; Wireless Access Protocol (WAP); 12.2.4 Integrated IP Networks; 12.3 Impact of a Communications Link; 12.3.1 Impact on Message Latency; Fiber Optics and Optical Networking; 12.3.2 Mitigating Communications Bottlenecks; Caching and Copyright Law; 12.4 Open Issues; 12.4.1 Is Communications Regulation Needed?; 12.4.2 Regulation of the Internet; Further Reading; JPEG and MPEG; Glossary; References;