Neurosurgical Operations
Published on 23. December 1983
Book
Hardback
978-3-540-11374-4 (ISBN)
Description
The first German edition of Neurosurgical Opera man Edition, the present book is not intended as tions, published in 1966, was well received by sur a comprehensive review of neurosurgical tech geons, students, instructors and reviewers. The niques. It is, rather, a discussion of principles need for an expanded and updated edition became and techniques based upon neurosurgical ex perience at the Leipzig Clinic. apparent within a few years, particularly with the advent of microneurosurgery. This new dimen A short bibliography was considered necess sion in operative technique has drastically ary. Surgeons familiar with the history of their changed operative planning and tactics. Surgical specialty will already know the originators of indications have broadened, hitherto little-used surgical procedures, and as already mentioned, the operative methods described here are based surgical approaches have become practical, and operative co~sequences once thought to be on techniques employed at the Leipzig Clinic invenitable have been gradually eliminated. and thus may differ in some respects from other Moreover, the operative stress on seriously ill descriptions. or elderly patients has been significantly reduced This book is dedicated to my wife and to our by accompanying developments in anesthesio children Ines, Astrid and Lutz, who gave me their active as well as passive support on so logy and intensive care techniques. Sadly, Prof. Dr. Georg Merrem was unable to many occasions.
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Content
I Neurosurgical Anatomy.- Nerves, Arteries and Veins of the Scalp.- Vessels at the Level of the Skull and Dura.- Variations in the Properties of the Cranium and Dura.- Intracranial Vessels: Internal Carotid Artery,Vertebral Artery.- Intracranial Vessels Supplying the Thalamus and Midbrain.- The Dural Sinuses.- The Ventricles and Cisterns of the Brain.- Sections of the Brain.- Sections of the Brain Stem.- Sections of the Spinal Cord.- The Orbit, Eye, Optic Nerve, Ocular Muscles and Ocular Motor Nerves.- Anatomy of the Sellar-Chiasmal Region.- Anatomy of the Sphenoidal Wing.- Anatomy of the Midbrain and Pineal.- Anatomy of the Midline Structures of the Cerebellum.- Anatomy of the Cerebellopontine Angle.- Anatomy of the Spino-Cerebellar Juncture.- Anatomy of the Cervical Spine and Vertebral Artery.- Anatomy of the Thoracic Spine and Thoracic Cord.- Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine and the Conus- Caudal Region.- Spinal Vascular Supply.- II Principles of Neurosurgical Operations.- Position of the Patient for Brain Operations!.- Position of the Patient for Brain Operations II.- Position of the Patient for Laminectomy.- Local Anesthesia in Operations on the Skull and Brain.- Brachial Plexus Block.- Skin Incisions for Cerebral Operations I.- Skin Incisions for Cerebral Operations II.- Skin Incisions for Operations in the Posterior Cranial Fossa.- Principles of Trephination.- Principles of Hemostasis in Cranial Operations.- Principles of Hemostasis in Brain Operations.- Principles of Hemostasis in Spinal Operations.- Principles of Microneurosurgery.- Nerve Repair.- Nerve Grafts.- Bandaging after Cranial and Brain Operations.- III Diagnostic Procedures in Neurosurgery.- Lumbar Puncture.- Cisternal Puncture.- Ventricular Puncture in the Parieto-Occipital Region.- Central Ventricular Puncture (Ventriculography of the Third Ventricle).- Percutaneous Carotid Angiography.- Open Carotid Angiography.- Percutaneous Vertebral Angiography.- Catheter Angiography.- Spinal Angiography and Transosseous Venography.- Discography.- Percutaneous Spinal Cord Puncture and Myelo- cystography.- Diagnostic Cerebral Puncture.- Ventriculoscopy.- IV Surgery of the Cerebrum.- Cerebral Trephination I: Skin Preparation and Incision.- Cerebral Trephination II: Placing the Burr Holes.- Cerebral Trephination III: Opening the Skull.- Cerebral Trephination IV: Raising the Bone Flap and Epidural Hemostasis.- Cerebral Trephination V: Opening the Dura.- Cerebral Trephination VI: Closing the Dura.- Cerebral Trephination VII: Closing the Craniotomy and Soft Tissues.- Surgery of a Frontal Tumor of the Cerebral White Matter (Glioblastoma Multiforme) I.- Surgery of a Frontal Tumor of the Cerebral White Matter (Glioblastoma Multiforme) II.- Surgery of a Frontobasal Tumor (Olfactory Groove Meningioma).- Surgery of a Frontolateral Tumor (Lateral Sphenoid Wing Meningioma).- Surgery of a Fronto-Medio-Basal Tumor with Extension to the Middle Cranial Fossa (Medial Sphenoid Wing Meningioma).- Surgery of a Bifrontal Parasagittal Tumor (Parasagittal Meningioma).- Surgery of a Central Parasagittal Tumor (Parasagittal Meningioma of the Middle Third of the Sinus) I.- Surgery of a Central Parasagittal Tumor (Parasagittal Meningioma of the Middle Third of the Sinus) II.- Surgery of a Parasagittal Falx Meningioma in the Central Region.- Surgery of a Parietal Cortical Glioma.- Surgery of an Occipital Tumor of the Cerebral White Matter (Ependymoma) I.- Surgery of an Occipital Tumor of the Cerebral White Matter (Ependymoma) II.- Surgery of an Occipital Parasagittal Tumor (Parasagittal Meningioma at the Confluence of the Sinuses).- Surgery of a Temporal Tumor of the Cerebral White Matter (Cystic Spongioblastoma).- Surgery of a Temporobasal Tumor (Cholesteatoma of the Middle Cranial Fossa).- Surgery of a Lateral Ventricular Tumor (Trigone Tumor).- Surgery of a Small Trigone Tumor of the Lateral Ventricle.- Transventricular Surgery of a Third Ventricle Tumor.- Parasagittal Transcallosal Surgery of a Third Ventricle Tumor.- Supratentorial Surgery of a Pineal Tumor.- Infratentorial Exposure of a Pineal Tumor.- Surgery of Tumors of the Brain Stem and Pons.- Surgical Removal of a Dumbbell-Shaped Tumor at the Medial Border of the Tentorial Notch.- Temporal Surgery of a Clivus Tumor.- Transfrontal Exposure of the Optic Canal and Posterior Orbit.- Opening the Orbit from a Temporal Approach I.- Opening the Orbit from a Temporal Approach II.- Surgical Treatment of Craniosynostosis I: Resection of the Coronal Suture.- Surgical Treatment of Craniosynostosis II: Fenestration of the Skull with Dural Layer Resection.- V Operations in the Sella-Chiasmal Region.- Transsphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Adenomas I.- Transsphenoidal Surgery of Pituitary Adenomas II.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica I.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica II.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica III.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica IV.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica V.- Transcranial Subfrontal Approach to the Sella Turcica VI.- Transcranial Surgery of Craniopharyngiomas I.- Transcranial Surgery of Craniopharyngiomas II.- Surgery of Meningiomas of the Tuberculum Sellae.- Surgery of Gliomas of the Optic Nerve and Chiasm.- VI Surgery of Cerebral Vascular Lesions.- Principles of the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms I.- Principles of the Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms II.- Aneurysms of the Internal Carotid Artery.- Aneurysms of the Anterior Cerebral Artery.- Aneurysms of the Anterior Communicating Artery.- Aneurysms of the Middle Cerebral Artery.- Aneurysms of the Posterior Communicating Artery.- Aneurysms at the Bifurcation of the Internal Carotid Artery.- Aneurysms of the Basilar Artery.- Intracranial Aneurysms of the Vertebral Artery.- Surgery of an Arteriovenous Angioma of the Brain.- Anastomoses between the Vascular Regions of the External and Internal Carotid Arteries.- Extracranial Surgery for Occlusive Cerebrovascular Diseases.- VII Surgery of the Cerebellum.- Surgery of Cerebellar Tumors: Skin Incisions.- Surgery of Cerebellar Tumors: Opening the Bone and Dura.- Cerebellar Tumors in Children: Handling of the Soft Tissues.- Cerebellar Tumors in Children: Tumor Removal.- Cerebellar Tumors in Children: Microsurgical Technique in the Area of the Medulla.- Cerebellar Tumors in Children: Surgery of Cystic Tumors, Closure of the Operative Wound.- Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors: Skin Incisions, Opening of Bone and Dura.- Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors: Exposure and Dissection of the Tumor.- Cerebellopontine Angle Tumors: Opening the Internal Auditory Canal, Removal of Basal Tumor Remnants.- Surgery of Glomus Jugulare Tumors.- Dorsal Exposure of a Tumor at the Foramen Magnum.- VIII Surgical Treatment of Head Injuries and their Complications.- Open Head Injuries: Injuries to the Scalp.- Open Head Injuries: Methods of Hemostasis.- Depressed Fractures.- Dural Sinus Bleeding.- Uncomplicated Perforating Head Injuries.- Care of Dural Injuries.- Care of Brain Injuries.- Removal of Foreign Bodies, Duraplasty.- Plastic Repair of Operative or Traumatic Skull Defects.- One-Stage Plastic Repair of Operative or Traumatic Skull Defects.- Extracranial Care of Fronto-Orbital Head Injuries.- Intracranial Care of Fronto-Orbital Head Injuries.- Frontobasal Head Injuries: Incisions and Operative Tactics.- Frontobasal Head Injuries: Inspection of the Paranasal Sinuses, Duraplasty.- Frontobasal Head Injuries: Intracranial Care I.- Frontobasal Head Injuries: Intracranial Care II.- Temporobasal Head Injuries.- Transethmoidal Decompression of the Optic Nerve.- Principles of the Surgical Treatment of Carotid- Cavernous Fistulas.- Care of Growing Fractures.- Epidural Hematoma.- Subdural Hematoma I.- Subdural Hematoma II.- Intracerebral Hematoma.- Aspiration of Brain Abscess.- Open Treatment of Brain Abscess.- Extirpation of Brain Abscess.- IX Surgical Treatment of Hydrocephalus.- Ventriculocisternostomy (Torkildsen Procedure) I.- Ventriculocisternostomy (Torkildsen Procedure) II.- Ventriculoatrial Shunt (Pudenz-Heyer-Schulte) 330 Ventriculoatrial Shunt (Spitz-Holter).- Supplements to and Complications of Ventriculoatrial Shunt, Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt.- Percutaneous Placement of a Lumboperitoneal Shunt.- Extirpation of the Choroid Plexus.- Screw Drainage (Ziemnowicz Procedure) in Hydrocephalus.- X Surgery of the Cranial Nerves.- Injections of the Three Branches of the Trigeminal Nerve in the Face.- Injections of the Trigeminal Nerve Branches at the Cranial Base.- Puncture of the Gasserian GangHon.- Controlled Thermocoagulation of the Gasserian Ganglion:.- Supraorbital Neurectomy.- Infraorbital Neurectomy.- Inferior Alveolar Neurectomy.- Intracranial Antegasserian Trigeminotomy.- Retrogasserian Rhizotomy.- Modifications of the Retrogasserian Rhizotomy.- Retrogasserian Rhizotomy via the Posterior Fossa.- Medullary Tractotomy of the Trigerliinal Nerve.- Surgical Treatment of Nervus Ihtermedius Neuralgia.- Division of the Motor Branch of the Accessory Nerve for Spasmodic Torticollis.- Cervical Rhizotomy for Spasmodic Torticollis.- Muscle Grafts for Post-Traumatic and Postoperative Facial Paralysis.- Cranial Nerve Anastomoses for Post- Traumatic and Postoperative Facial Paralysis.- Interposition Anastomoses from the Opposite Side for Post-Traumatic and Postoperative Facial Paralysis.- XI Surgery of the Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord.- Laminectomy: Position of Patient, Skin Incision, Exposure of Spinous Processes.- Laminectomy: Removal of the Spinous Processes, Opening the Spinal Canal.- Laminectomy: Opening the Dura, Hemostasis, and Inspection of the Intradural Space.- Laminectomy: Catheterization of the Spinal Canal, Spinal Endoscopy, Closure of the Dura and Soft Tissues.- Laminotomy.- Surgery of Extradural Spinal Tumors.- Surgery of Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Tumors.- Surgery of Intramedullary Spinal Tumors.- Surgery of Tumors in the Caudal Region.- Surgery of Dumbbell Tumors of the Spine.- Surgery of Tumors at the Spinocerebellar Junction.- Surgery of Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Angiomas.- Spinal Surgery for Syringomyelia.- Surgical Treatment of Adhesive Spinal Arachnoiditis.- Surgical Treatment of Epidural Abscess.- Decompressive Laminectomy after Injury to the Spinal Column.- Surgical Treatment of Spina Bifida Occulta.- Surgical Repair of Meningocele.- Surgical Repair of Myelomeningocele.- Surgical Treatment of Lumbar Myelocele.- Anterior Interbody Fusion for Herniated Cervical Disc I.- Anterior Interbody Fusion for Herniated Cervical Disc II.- Anterior Interbody Fusion for Herniated Cervical Disc III.- Lateral Exposure of the Cervical Disc Space I.- Lateral Exposure of the Cervical Disc Space II.- Posterior Exposure of the Cervical Disc Space.- Surgical Treatment of Cervical Fractures and Dislocations.- Retroperitoneal Extrapleural Exposure of the Anterior and Lateral Aspects of the Thoracolumbar Spine.- Fenestration for Herniated Lumbar Disc.- Hemilaminectomy for Herniated Lumbar Disc.- Laminectomy for Herniated Lumbar Disc.- Anterior Transperitoneal Surgery of Herniated Lumbar Disc.- Chemical Nucleolysis.- XII Surgery of the Peripheral Nervous System.- Division of the Anterior Scalene Muscle.- Resection of a Cervical Rib.- Transclavicular Exposure of the Brachial Plexus 1.- Transclavicular Exposure of the Brachial Plexus II.- Infraclavicular Exposure of the Brachial Plexus.- Anastomoses for Brachial Plexus Paralysis Using Free Nerve Grafts.- Exposures of the Accessory Nerve.- Exposures of the Axillary Nerve.- Exposures of the Ulnar Nerve.- Exposure and Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve at the Elbow.- Exposures of the Radial Nerve.- Exposures of the Median Nerve.- Exposure of the Median Nerve in the Carpal Tunnel.- Care of Nerve Injuries at the Wrist.- Exposure of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve.- Exposures of the Femoral Nerve.- Exposures of the Sciatic Nerve.- Exposures of the Tibial Nerve.- Exposures of the Peroneal Nerve.- Muscle Transfers for Radial Nerve Paralysis.- Stabilizing Operation for Paralysis of the Anterior Serratus Muscle.- XIII Surgical Relief of Pain, Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System.- Blockade of the Posterior Roots by the Intrathecal Injection of Neurolytics (Chemical Rhizolysis).- Percutaneous Lumbar Rhizotomy (Facet Coagulation).- Chronic Intermittent Stimulation of the Dorsal Columns.- Selective Posterior Rhizidiotomy (Rootlet Section).- Posterior Spinal Rhizotomy.- Division of the Anterolateral Column (Chordo- tomy).- Myelotomy.- Division of the Cauda Equina.- Blockade of the Stellate Ganglion.- Cervical Sympathectomy.- Thoracic Sympathectomy.- Blockade of the Lumbar Sympathetic Chain.- Lumbar Sympathectomy.- XIV Stereotaxic Operations.- Principle of Stereotaxis and the Stereotaxic Apparatus ofRiechert-Wolff-Mundinger.- Stereotaxic Operations in Extrapyramidal Hyperkinesias.- Determination of Stereotaxic Target Points.- Stimulation and Production of Lesion at the Target Point.- Stereotaxic Operations in Trigeminal Neuralgia.- Percutaneous Cervical Chordotomy.- XV Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy.- Operations for Posttraumatic Epilepsy.- Ventricular Aperture.- Electrocorticography and the Excision of Epileptogenic Brain Areas.- Hemispherectomy 1.- Hemispherectomy II.- Principles of Stereotaxic Operations in Epilepsy.- References.