Ottoman Historical Documents
The Institutions of an Empire
Published on 13. January 2021
Book
Hardback
232 pages
978-1-4744-7936-3 (ISBN)
Description
This collection of translated primary sources for Ottoman history shows how the major institutions of Ottoman government developed and functioned. Each chapter covers a key topic: Legitimation and Titulature; Princes; Recruitment into the Sultan's service; the Vizierate and the Divan; the Religio-Legal Institution; ?anunnames (sultanic legislation); Taxation and Finance; Waqfs (endowments); and Treaties and Foreign Relations. Chapters include a brief introduction to provide context for the documents, annotations and a glossary explaining technical terminology and problems of interpretation.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Edinburgh
United Kingdom
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
1 black and white illustration, 16 colour illustrations, 2 black and white maps
Dimensions
Height: 177 mm
Width: 254 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight
560 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-4744-7936-3 (9781474479363)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Persons
V. L. Menage (1920-2015) was Professor of Turkish at SOAS, London. Colin Imber was formerly a Reader in Turkish at the University of Manchester.
Content
The Islamic MonthsThe Ottoman Sultans, c1300-1687List of IllustrationsPrefaceMapsFigures
Chapter I: The Dynasty: Legitimation and Titulature
Section 1: The Assertions of the Chroniclers
The voice of the dervishes: the dream of Ertogrula. From the Anonymous Chroniclesb. From the Tevarikh-i Al-i ?O?man
The voice of the gazis: how ?Osman became an independent ruler
The voice of the ?ulema: how ?Osman became an independent rulera. Kitab-i Cihan-nuema about why ?Osman is called gazib. Kitab-i Cihan-nuema about how drum and standard came to ?Osman
Pagan Turkish tradition: the genealogy of the Ottoman sultansa. Yazicioglu 'Ali on the line of ?Osmanb. Suekrullah on the line of ?Osman
Conflation in the Oxford Anonymous Chronicle
Section 2: Titulature: Caliphal Claims
Inscription of Kay?osrev II (1236-46) on the sea walls at Antalya
Inscription on the tomb of the Aydin-oglu Mu?ammad (d. 1334) at Birgi
Inscription of 1337. from the Sehadet Mosque in Bursa
Inscription from a bridge in Ankara, dated 1375
Other inscriptions referring to Murad I
Dedicatory notice in a Qur?an preserved in the mausoleum of Murad I
Inscription on the tomb of Bayezid I, dated 809/1406-7
Title-page of an almanac (in Persian), dated 824. (1421)
A reference in ?ursun Beg's History of Me?med II
A reference in Celalzade's History of Sueleyman I
Ebu?s-Su?ud's proemium to his statement on 'state lands'
The second deposition of Mu??afa I, 1623
Fatwas on the Ghalzay Ashraf, 1726
Sueleyman I to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, 1554
Sources
Chapter II: The Dynasty: Princes
Section 1: The Appointment of Princes in the Early Fourteenth Century
?Osman's sons
Or?an's sons
Or?an's sons, after the conquest of Nicaea
Section 2: Princely Governorships
Prince ?orkud leaves Istanbul for his governorship
A letter from Prince ?Alemsah's mother Guelru? to Bayezid II
A decree of Prince A?med to the yaya yoldaslar
A decree of Prince Selim [II]
A decree of Prince Me?med [III]
Section 3: Fratricide
Statement of the former Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos
The accession of Bayezid I, 1389a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
The civil war (1402-13)
The accession of Murad II, 1421
The accession of Bayezid II, 1481
The first accession of Me?med II, 1444
The second accession of Me?med II, 1451a. From Michael Doukas's Historia Turco-Byzantinab. From Ibn Kemal's Tevarih-i Al-i Osman
Popular criticism of fratricide: the story of the abdication of ?Ali Pasha
The accession of Me?med III, 1595
The accession of A?med I, 1603
Sources
Chapter III: The Dynasty: Recruitment into the Sultan's Service
Section 1: Pencik and Devsirme
A decree regulating the pencik
Tolls to be levied on slaves taken across the Bosphorus
A template decree for levying boys for the devsirme
A Janissary lobbies the sultan on behalf of his family
Escaping the devsirme
The recovery of a captured novice
Section 2: Promotion to the Sultan's Service
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1562/3
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1567/8
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1560/1
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1573/4
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1583
The pay of palace servants: an account register from 1478
Section 3: Berats
The appointment of a preacher in Bursa
The appointment of a beglerbegi
The appointment of a ?a?i
The appointment of a metropolitan
The appointment of mountain guards
Sources
Chapter IV: The Vizierate and the Divan
The A?af-name of Lu?fi Pasa
The divan: a Venetian account
Submissions to the sultana. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasab. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasac. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasad. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasae. Submission of Yemisci ?asan Pasaf. Submission of the grand vizier Me?med Pasa
The sultan's written instructions
Death of a grand vizier: report of Henry Lello
Sources
Chapter V: The Provincial Administration and the Timar System
From the report of Iacopo de Promontorio, c1475-80
An entry in a timar-register, with marginal notesa. Timar of Inebegi and ?ueseyn, sons of ser?asker ?asanb. [Possibly relating to the village of Yilinca]c. [possibly relating to the village of Pirvol]
Two entries from the detailed register of Amid, 1518a. Timar of Yemini the Kurd, a sipahi of the sanca? of Amidb. Timar of Sa?du?llah the ya?avul, a sipahi of the sanca? of Amid
Sundry marginal notes in a summary-register of c1445, Thessaloniki etc.
Marginal notes in a similar register of 1455, Skopjea. Timar of Musa, retainer (?idmetkar) of ?Isa Begb. Timar of Yusuf, kinsman of the mir-a?ur ?amza Beg
Two timar grantsa. Thessaloniki: the timar of Me?medb. Yala?abad [in the sanca? of] ?ocaeli
Conversion of privately-owned revenue to a ?a??-estate
A call for volunteers before the Moldavian campaign, 1484
Submissions by and to the sanca? begi of Bosnia, c1512-14a. The sanca? begi of Iskodra to Yunus Pasa of Bosniab. The sancak begi of Zvornik to Yunusc. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the na?ib of Visokad. The sanca? begi of Bosnia to the Portee. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Portef. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Porteg. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Pasah. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
'The good old days'
Sources
Chapter VI: The Religio-Legal Institution
Section 1: Law and Religious Practice
Passages on the law of sale from ?anafi legal textsa. From al-Matn of al-Quduri (d. 1037)b. From al-Ikhtiyar fi ta?lil al-Mukhtar of al-Mu?ili (d. 1284)c. From al-Fatawa of Qa?ikhan (d. 1195)
A fatwa on the application of Shafi?i doctrine
A fatwa on acquiring land for a new mosque construction
A fatwa on taxing land occupied by descendants of the Prophet
A fatwa on a ?a?i granting unauthorised tax exemptions
A fatwa on Rumelian ?a?is issuing ?ueccets
A fatwa on sipahis taking a tithe
A fatwa on Muslim villagers neglecting prayer
A fatwa on money fines for neglecting prayer
A fatwa on executing a repentant heretic sey?
Command to the sanca?begi of Amasya
Command to the sanca?begi of Amasya, Ilyas beg
To the sanca?begi of Kastamonu and the ?a?i of Kuere
To the ?a?i of Niksar
Section 2: The Administration of Law
A ?ueccet on repairs to a monastery on Mount Athos
A ?ueccet on returning a defective slave-girl to the vendor
A sicill-entry on the sale of a vacant site by a Muslim to a dhimmi
A sicill-entry on a debt owed by a dhimmi to a Muslim
A sicill-entry on a money loan
A sicill-entry on the daughter of a recent convert
A sicill-entry on divorce and the legality of the wife's second marriage
A sicill-entry on cloth measuring short
A sicill-entry on unsatisfactory goods
A sicill-entry on a complaint by the weavers' guild
A sicill-entry on a smith not receiving his dues
A sicill-entry on the payment of tax on a slave girl
A sicill-entry on the ownership of sheep
A sicill-entry on a burglary
A sicill-entry on a violent argument between father and son
A sicill-entry of a command to the sanca?begis and ?a?is of Ana?oli
A sicill-entry of a command to the ?a?i and the inspector of mu?a?a?as
A fatwa on contracting marriage between minors
A fatwa on the validity of contracting marriage without the ?a?i
A fatwa on re-marrying without intermediate marriage
A fatwa on giving customs money as zakat
A fatwa on giving alms
A fatwa on a preacher's statement about a ?a?i
A fatwa on the testimony of foreign merchants (?arbi) against a dhimmi
A fatwa on a Christian woman's charitable endowment
A fatwa on the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul and its surroundings
A fatwa on slaves purchasing slaves of their own
A fatwa on the sultan's slaves contracting marriages
A fatwa on a ?a?i acting outside his jurisdiction
A fatwa on the dismissal of a debauched ?a?i
A fatwa on the death of a falsely accused person after wrongful torture
A fatwa on extortionate loan transactions
A fatwa on tax income for sipahis
A fatwa on tax income, including in kind, for sipahis
A fatwa on bennak tax
A fatwa on capitation tax (ispence), grape tithe and taxes on pigs
A fatwa on a rebellious son of the sultan
A fatwa on those who lead the sultan astray
A fatwa on deposing a sultan who disturbs order by accepting bribery
A fatwa on the legality of killing fomenters of corruption
A fatwa on punishment for a thief stealing from the imperial treasury
Sources
Chapter VII: ?anunnames
The 'Kraelitz text'
The ?anunname of ?uedavendgar, 1487
Extracts from the 'general' ?anunname, c1500
The ?anunname of Siverek, 1518
The ?anunname of Sis, 1518
The ?anunname of Nikopol, reign of Sueleyman Ia. Instructions on dealing with the timars of the districtb. Exposition of the ?anunname of the voynu?s
Extracts from the ?anunname of Egypt, after 1525
Sources
Chapter VIII: Taxation and Finance
Annual income and expenditure of the Imperial Treasurya. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure, c1475-80b. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure for the years 1527-8
Customs and mu?a?a?asa. Entry from a register of mu?a?a?asb. Entry from a register of mu?a?a?asc. A decree granting a mu?a?a?ad. The problems of a tax-farmere. Demand for the delivery of payment due from a tax-farmf. Tax avoidanceg. Tax arrangements in newly conquered fortified townsh. A command written to the ?a?i and the fortress-commander of Kili
Silver minesa. Instructions to a farmer of silver mines b. Extract from a register for Bosnia, 1489
Jizyaa. Instructions to a jizya-collectorb. Two extracts from a jizya registerc. Accounts for the jizya of the infidels of the vilayet of Menlik
Debasement of the coinagea. Debasement under Me?med IIb. A debasement heralds a mutiny
Sources
Chapter IX: Waqfs
Section 1: Foundation and Function
Founding a waqf
A vizieral waqf
A new waqf
Waqfs established by conquerors and colonisersa. The waqf of Murad Ib.The waqf of the ?aru Sey?c. Note protecting dervishes who descend from the district's conqueror
The Waqf of Musaa. A note on the village of ?izil Delue, 1412b. A register entry on the waqf of ?izil Delue, sixteenth centuryc. A renewed berat for ?izil Delue Sultan's waqf, 1641/2d. An undated register entry on the waqf of ?izil Deluee. Note appended to an undated register entry on the waqf of ?izil Delue
The Waqf of Or?an
Waqfs in declinea. The Waqf of Dervis Bayezid in Seydi Kavagib. The Waqf of Sagri ?atunc. Waqf of the zaviye of ?a?i ?ala?u?d-Din
The waqfiya of Selcuek bint ?Abdu?llah, freedwoman of Me?med
Section 2: Problems
A cash and family waqf
Cash and charitable waqfsa. The Waqf of charitable donors (erbab-i ?ayrat) in the quarterb. Waqf of charitable donorsc. Waqf of ?acci Me?med in the village of Seynelued. The Waqf of ?acci ?asan b. Uruc the Felter
Cash waqfs: Questions of legalitya. A question on donating profit from interestb. A question on interestc. A question on using legal devicesd. A question on making restitution for not lending out waqf moneys
Sources
Chapter X: Treaties and Foreign Relations
The Genoese treaty with Murad I, 1387
The Byzantine-Turkish Treaty of 1403
The peace settlement of 1444a. The sworn statement of Ibrahim Beg of ?araman, 1444b. The Treaty of Edirne, 1444
A grant of peace and of free passage for merchants
An offer to pay tribute
The peace terms offered by Sueleyman I to Charles V, 1547
The English capitulations, 1580
The troubles of an ambassador
Latin text of the agreement at Zsitva-Torok, 1606
Sources
Glossary; Bibliography; Index
Chapter I: The Dynasty: Legitimation and Titulature
Section 1: The Assertions of the Chroniclers
The voice of the dervishes: the dream of Ertogrula. From the Anonymous Chroniclesb. From the Tevarikh-i Al-i ?O?man
The voice of the gazis: how ?Osman became an independent ruler
The voice of the ?ulema: how ?Osman became an independent rulera. Kitab-i Cihan-nuema about why ?Osman is called gazib. Kitab-i Cihan-nuema about how drum and standard came to ?Osman
Pagan Turkish tradition: the genealogy of the Ottoman sultansa. Yazicioglu 'Ali on the line of ?Osmanb. Suekrullah on the line of ?Osman
Conflation in the Oxford Anonymous Chronicle
Section 2: Titulature: Caliphal Claims
Inscription of Kay?osrev II (1236-46) on the sea walls at Antalya
Inscription on the tomb of the Aydin-oglu Mu?ammad (d. 1334) at Birgi
Inscription of 1337. from the Sehadet Mosque in Bursa
Inscription from a bridge in Ankara, dated 1375
Other inscriptions referring to Murad I
Dedicatory notice in a Qur?an preserved in the mausoleum of Murad I
Inscription on the tomb of Bayezid I, dated 809/1406-7
Title-page of an almanac (in Persian), dated 824. (1421)
A reference in ?ursun Beg's History of Me?med II
A reference in Celalzade's History of Sueleyman I
Ebu?s-Su?ud's proemium to his statement on 'state lands'
The second deposition of Mu??afa I, 1623
Fatwas on the Ghalzay Ashraf, 1726
Sueleyman I to Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, 1554
Sources
Chapter II: The Dynasty: Princes
Section 1: The Appointment of Princes in the Early Fourteenth Century
?Osman's sons
Or?an's sons
Or?an's sons, after the conquest of Nicaea
Section 2: Princely Governorships
Prince ?orkud leaves Istanbul for his governorship
A letter from Prince ?Alemsah's mother Guelru? to Bayezid II
A decree of Prince A?med to the yaya yoldaslar
A decree of Prince Selim [II]
A decree of Prince Me?med [III]
Section 3: Fratricide
Statement of the former Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos
The accession of Bayezid I, 1389a. From the Anonymous Chronicles
The civil war (1402-13)
The accession of Murad II, 1421
The accession of Bayezid II, 1481
The first accession of Me?med II, 1444
The second accession of Me?med II, 1451a. From Michael Doukas's Historia Turco-Byzantinab. From Ibn Kemal's Tevarih-i Al-i Osman
Popular criticism of fratricide: the story of the abdication of ?Ali Pasha
The accession of Me?med III, 1595
The accession of A?med I, 1603
Sources
Chapter III: The Dynasty: Recruitment into the Sultan's Service
Section 1: Pencik and Devsirme
A decree regulating the pencik
Tolls to be levied on slaves taken across the Bosphorus
A template decree for levying boys for the devsirme
A Janissary lobbies the sultan on behalf of his family
Escaping the devsirme
The recovery of a captured novice
Section 2: Promotion to the Sultan's Service
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1562/3
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1567/8
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1560/1
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1573/4
Command to the aga of the Janissaries, 1583
The pay of palace servants: an account register from 1478
Section 3: Berats
The appointment of a preacher in Bursa
The appointment of a beglerbegi
The appointment of a ?a?i
The appointment of a metropolitan
The appointment of mountain guards
Sources
Chapter IV: The Vizierate and the Divan
The A?af-name of Lu?fi Pasa
The divan: a Venetian account
Submissions to the sultana. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasab. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasac. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasad. Submission of the vizier Yemisci ?asan Pasae. Submission of Yemisci ?asan Pasaf. Submission of the grand vizier Me?med Pasa
The sultan's written instructions
Death of a grand vizier: report of Henry Lello
Sources
Chapter V: The Provincial Administration and the Timar System
From the report of Iacopo de Promontorio, c1475-80
An entry in a timar-register, with marginal notesa. Timar of Inebegi and ?ueseyn, sons of ser?asker ?asanb. [Possibly relating to the village of Yilinca]c. [possibly relating to the village of Pirvol]
Two entries from the detailed register of Amid, 1518a. Timar of Yemini the Kurd, a sipahi of the sanca? of Amidb. Timar of Sa?du?llah the ya?avul, a sipahi of the sanca? of Amid
Sundry marginal notes in a summary-register of c1445, Thessaloniki etc.
Marginal notes in a similar register of 1455, Skopjea. Timar of Musa, retainer (?idmetkar) of ?Isa Begb. Timar of Yusuf, kinsman of the mir-a?ur ?amza Beg
Two timar grantsa. Thessaloniki: the timar of Me?medb. Yala?abad [in the sanca? of] ?ocaeli
Conversion of privately-owned revenue to a ?a??-estate
A call for volunteers before the Moldavian campaign, 1484
Submissions by and to the sanca? begi of Bosnia, c1512-14a. The sanca? begi of Iskodra to Yunus Pasa of Bosniab. The sancak begi of Zvornik to Yunusc. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the na?ib of Visokad. The sanca? begi of Bosnia to the Portee. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Portef. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Porteg. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Pasah. The sanca?begi of Bosnia to the Pasa
'The good old days'
Sources
Chapter VI: The Religio-Legal Institution
Section 1: Law and Religious Practice
Passages on the law of sale from ?anafi legal textsa. From al-Matn of al-Quduri (d. 1037)b. From al-Ikhtiyar fi ta?lil al-Mukhtar of al-Mu?ili (d. 1284)c. From al-Fatawa of Qa?ikhan (d. 1195)
A fatwa on the application of Shafi?i doctrine
A fatwa on acquiring land for a new mosque construction
A fatwa on taxing land occupied by descendants of the Prophet
A fatwa on a ?a?i granting unauthorised tax exemptions
A fatwa on Rumelian ?a?is issuing ?ueccets
A fatwa on sipahis taking a tithe
A fatwa on Muslim villagers neglecting prayer
A fatwa on money fines for neglecting prayer
A fatwa on executing a repentant heretic sey?
Command to the sanca?begi of Amasya
Command to the sanca?begi of Amasya, Ilyas beg
To the sanca?begi of Kastamonu and the ?a?i of Kuere
To the ?a?i of Niksar
Section 2: The Administration of Law
A ?ueccet on repairs to a monastery on Mount Athos
A ?ueccet on returning a defective slave-girl to the vendor
A sicill-entry on the sale of a vacant site by a Muslim to a dhimmi
A sicill-entry on a debt owed by a dhimmi to a Muslim
A sicill-entry on a money loan
A sicill-entry on the daughter of a recent convert
A sicill-entry on divorce and the legality of the wife's second marriage
A sicill-entry on cloth measuring short
A sicill-entry on unsatisfactory goods
A sicill-entry on a complaint by the weavers' guild
A sicill-entry on a smith not receiving his dues
A sicill-entry on the payment of tax on a slave girl
A sicill-entry on the ownership of sheep
A sicill-entry on a burglary
A sicill-entry on a violent argument between father and son
A sicill-entry of a command to the sanca?begis and ?a?is of Ana?oli
A sicill-entry of a command to the ?a?i and the inspector of mu?a?a?as
A fatwa on contracting marriage between minors
A fatwa on the validity of contracting marriage without the ?a?i
A fatwa on re-marrying without intermediate marriage
A fatwa on giving customs money as zakat
A fatwa on giving alms
A fatwa on a preacher's statement about a ?a?i
A fatwa on the testimony of foreign merchants (?arbi) against a dhimmi
A fatwa on a Christian woman's charitable endowment
A fatwa on the Ottoman conquest of Istanbul and its surroundings
A fatwa on slaves purchasing slaves of their own
A fatwa on the sultan's slaves contracting marriages
A fatwa on a ?a?i acting outside his jurisdiction
A fatwa on the dismissal of a debauched ?a?i
A fatwa on the death of a falsely accused person after wrongful torture
A fatwa on extortionate loan transactions
A fatwa on tax income for sipahis
A fatwa on tax income, including in kind, for sipahis
A fatwa on bennak tax
A fatwa on capitation tax (ispence), grape tithe and taxes on pigs
A fatwa on a rebellious son of the sultan
A fatwa on those who lead the sultan astray
A fatwa on deposing a sultan who disturbs order by accepting bribery
A fatwa on the legality of killing fomenters of corruption
A fatwa on punishment for a thief stealing from the imperial treasury
Sources
Chapter VII: ?anunnames
The 'Kraelitz text'
The ?anunname of ?uedavendgar, 1487
Extracts from the 'general' ?anunname, c1500
The ?anunname of Siverek, 1518
The ?anunname of Sis, 1518
The ?anunname of Nikopol, reign of Sueleyman Ia. Instructions on dealing with the timars of the districtb. Exposition of the ?anunname of the voynu?s
Extracts from the ?anunname of Egypt, after 1525
Sources
Chapter VIII: Taxation and Finance
Annual income and expenditure of the Imperial Treasurya. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure, c1475-80b. An estimate of treasury income and expenditure for the years 1527-8
Customs and mu?a?a?asa. Entry from a register of mu?a?a?asb. Entry from a register of mu?a?a?asc. A decree granting a mu?a?a?ad. The problems of a tax-farmere. Demand for the delivery of payment due from a tax-farmf. Tax avoidanceg. Tax arrangements in newly conquered fortified townsh. A command written to the ?a?i and the fortress-commander of Kili
Silver minesa. Instructions to a farmer of silver mines b. Extract from a register for Bosnia, 1489
Jizyaa. Instructions to a jizya-collectorb. Two extracts from a jizya registerc. Accounts for the jizya of the infidels of the vilayet of Menlik
Debasement of the coinagea. Debasement under Me?med IIb. A debasement heralds a mutiny
Sources
Chapter IX: Waqfs
Section 1: Foundation and Function
Founding a waqf
A vizieral waqf
A new waqf
Waqfs established by conquerors and colonisersa. The waqf of Murad Ib.The waqf of the ?aru Sey?c. Note protecting dervishes who descend from the district's conqueror
The Waqf of Musaa. A note on the village of ?izil Delue, 1412b. A register entry on the waqf of ?izil Delue, sixteenth centuryc. A renewed berat for ?izil Delue Sultan's waqf, 1641/2d. An undated register entry on the waqf of ?izil Deluee. Note appended to an undated register entry on the waqf of ?izil Delue
The Waqf of Or?an
Waqfs in declinea. The Waqf of Dervis Bayezid in Seydi Kavagib. The Waqf of Sagri ?atunc. Waqf of the zaviye of ?a?i ?ala?u?d-Din
The waqfiya of Selcuek bint ?Abdu?llah, freedwoman of Me?med
Section 2: Problems
A cash and family waqf
Cash and charitable waqfsa. The Waqf of charitable donors (erbab-i ?ayrat) in the quarterb. Waqf of charitable donorsc. Waqf of ?acci Me?med in the village of Seynelued. The Waqf of ?acci ?asan b. Uruc the Felter
Cash waqfs: Questions of legalitya. A question on donating profit from interestb. A question on interestc. A question on using legal devicesd. A question on making restitution for not lending out waqf moneys
Sources
Chapter X: Treaties and Foreign Relations
The Genoese treaty with Murad I, 1387
The Byzantine-Turkish Treaty of 1403
The peace settlement of 1444a. The sworn statement of Ibrahim Beg of ?araman, 1444b. The Treaty of Edirne, 1444
A grant of peace and of free passage for merchants
An offer to pay tribute
The peace terms offered by Sueleyman I to Charles V, 1547
The English capitulations, 1580
The troubles of an ambassador
Latin text of the agreement at Zsitva-Torok, 1606
Sources
Glossary; Bibliography; Index