The Western Humanities: v. 2

The Western Humanities, 6/e Preface Introduction: Why Study Cultural History? A Humanities Primer: How to Understand the Arts **Chapter 11 THE EARLY RENAISSANCE: RETURN TO CLASSICAL ROOTS, 1400 - 1494 The Renaissance: Schools of Interpretation Early Renaissance History and Institutions Italian City-States During the Early Renaissance Florence, the Center of the Renaissance The Resurgent Papcy, 1450-1500 The Spirit and Style of the Early Renaissance Humanism, Scholarship, and Schooling SLice of Life: Battle of the Sexes, Fifteenth Century Style Thought and Philosophy Architecture, Sculpture, and Painting Artistic Ideals and Innovations Architecture Sculpture Painting Encounter: "The Influence of Islam on the European Renaissance" Music The Legacy of the Early Renaissance Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestion for Listening Timeline Chapter 12 THE HIGH RENAISSANCE AND EARLY MANNERISM, 1494 - 1564 The Rise of the Modern Sovereign State The Struggle for Italy, 1494-1529 Charles V and the Hapsburg Empire Economic Expansion and Social Developments Demographics, Prosperity, and the Beginning of a Global Village Technology Science and Medicine Encounter: Portuguese Exploration Sets the Stage of a New World From High Renaissance to Early Mannerism Literature Gaspara Stampa Castiglione Machiavelli Painting Leonardo da Vinci Michelangelo Raphael The Venetian School: Giorgione and Titian The School of Parma: Parmigianino Sculpture SLice of Life: "Artists and Their Critics: Michelangelo's Strategy" Architecture Music The Legacy of the High Renaissance and Early Mannerism Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 13 NORTHERN HUMANISM, NORTHERN RENAISSANCE, RELIGIOUS REFORMATIONS, AND LATE MANNERISM, 1500 - 1603 Northern Humanism The Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance Thought and Science Jean Bodin Andreas Vesalius Northern Renaissance Literature Michel de Montaigne William Shakespeare Northern Renaissance Painting Albrecht Durer Mathias Grunewald Hieronymus Bosch Pieter Bruegel the Elder Encounter: "Indigineous Peoples and New Spain" Slice of Life: "The Conscience of Sixteenth-Century Christian Europe: Bartolome de Las Casas From, A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies" The Breakup of Christendom: Causes of the Religious Reformations The Protestant Order Luther's Revolt Luther's Beliefs Social and Political Implications of Luther's Revolt The Reforms of John Calvin The Reform of the English Church The Counter-Reformation The Reformed Papacy New Monastic Orders The Council of Trent Warfare as a Response to Religious Dissent, 1520-1603 Late Mannerism Spanish Painting Spanish Literature Late Mannerist Painting in Italy: Tintoretto Music in Late-Sixteenth-Century Italy and England The Legacy of Northern Humanism, Northern Renaissance, Religious Reformations, and Late Mannerism Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 14 THE BAROQUE AGE: GLAMOUR AND GRANDIOSITY, 1600 - 1715 Absolutism, Monarchy, and the Balance of Power France: The Supreme Example of Absolutism England: From Monarchy to Republic to Limited Monarchy Warfare in the Baroque Period: Maintaining the Balance of Power The Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648 Slice of Life: "Two Views of Power: Master and Servant" Encounter: "Japan Closes Its Doors, Nearly" The Wars of Louis XIV, 1665-1713 The Baroque: Variations on an International Style The Florid Baroque Architecture Sculpture Painting The Classical Baroque Architecture Painting The Restrained Baroque Painting Architecture Literature Baroque Literature in France Baroque Literature in England Music The Legacy of the Baroque Age Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 15 THE BAROQUE AGE II: REVOLUTIONS IN SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL THOUGHT, 1600 - 1715 Theories of the Universe before the Scientific Revolution The Magical and the Practical in the Scientific Revolution Astronomy and Physics: From Copernicus to Newton Nicolas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei Isaac Newton Medicine and Chemistry Technology The Impact of Science on Philosophy Francis Bacon Rene Descartes Blaise Pascal Ironies and Contradictions of the Scientific Revolution Slice of Life: "Innocent or Guilty?" - A Seventeenth Century Witch Trial" The Revolution in Political Philosophy Natural Law and Divine Right: Grotius and Bossuet Absolutism and Liberalism: Hobbes and Locke European Exploration and Expansion Responses to the Revolutions in Thought Encounter: The Sinews of Trade The Spread of Ideas Impact on the Arts The Legacy of the Revolutions in Scientific and Political Thought Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Timeline Chapter 16 THE AGE OF REASON, 1700 - 1789 The Enlightenment The Philosophes and Their Program Religion Deism Popular Religion The Encyclopedie The Physiocrats The Great Powers During the Age of Reason Society: Continuity and Change Absolutism, Limited Monarchy, and Enlightened Despotism France: The Successors to the Sun King Great Britain and the Hanoverian Kings Enlightened Despotism in Central and Eastern Europe Cultural Trends in the Eighteenth Century: From Rococo to Neoclassical The Rococo Style in the Arts Rococo Painting Rococo Interiors The English Response Encounter: Slavery and the French Revolution The Challenge of Neoclassicism Neoclassical Painting The Print Neoclassical Architecture Philosophy Political Philosophy David Hume Literature French Writers: The Development of New Forms Neoclassicism in English Literature Slice of Life: "How to Manipulate the System: Lady Mary Wortly Mantagu" The Rise of the Novel Music The Legacy of the Age of Reason Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 17 REVOLUTION, REACTION, AND CULTURAL RESPONSE, 1760 - 1830 The Industrial Revolution Industrialization in England Slice of Life: "Life inside a 'Satanic Mill' in 1815: Elizabeth Bently" Classical Economics: The Rationale for Industrialization Political Revolutions, 1760 - 1815 The American Revolution The French Revolution Encounter: Slavery and the French Revolution Technology Reaction, 1815 - 1830 Revolutions in Art and Ideas: From Neoclassicism to Romanticism Neoclassicism in Literature After 1789 Neoclassical Painting and Architecture After 1789 Romanticism: Its Spirit and Expression The Romantic Movement in Literature Romantic Painting Science and Philosophy Science Philosophy The Birth of Romantic Music The Legacy of the Age of Revolution and Reaction Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 18 THE TRIUMPH OF THE BOURGEOISIE, 1830 - 1871 The Political and Economic Scene: Liberalism and Nationalism The Revolutions of 1830 and 1848 European Affairs in the Grip of Realpolitik Limited Reform in France and Great Britain Wars and Unification in Central Europe Civil War in the United States Industrialization, Technology, and Warfare Industrialism: The Shrinking Globe New Technologies The Second Industrial Revolution Symbols of the Bourgeois Age: the Crystal Palace and the Suez Canal Encounter: The Tragedy of the Cherokee Nation Nineteenth-Century Thought: Philosophy, Religion, and Science Liberalism Redefined Socialism Religion and the Challenge of Science Slice of Life: "Observing Human Behavior: The Classes and the Masses" Cultural Trends: From Roma nticism to Realism Literature The Height of French Romanticism Romanticism in the English Novel Romanticism in American Literature Realism in French and English Novels The Russian Realists Realism Among African American Writers Art and Architecture Neoclassicism and Romanticism After 1830 The Rise of Realism in Art Photography Music The Legacy of the Bourgeois Age Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 19 THE AGE OF EARLY MODERNISM, 1871 - 1914 Europe's Rise to World Leadership The Second Industrial Revolution and the Making of Modern Life Response to Industrialism: Politics and Crisis Domestic Policies in the Heavily Industrialized West SLice of Life: "Winning the Right to Vote: Lady Constance Lytton" Domestic Policies in Central and Eastern Europe Imperialism and International Relations The Scramble for Colonies The Outbreak of World War I Early Modernism Philosophy, Psychology and Religion Nietzche Freud and Jung Religious Developments Literature Naturalistic Literature Decadence in Literature Expressionist Literature The Advance of Science The Modernist Revolution in Art Impressionism Encounter: The French Impressionists Meet Ukiyo-e Art Post-Impressionism Fauvism, Cubism, and Expressionism New Directions in Sculpture and Architecture Music: From Impressionism to Jazz The Legacy of Early Modernism Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 20 THE AGE OF THE MASSES AND THE ZENITH OF MODERNISM, 1914 - 1945 The Collapse of Old Certainties and the Search for New Values World War I and Its Aftermath Encounter: "Civil Disobedience and the campaign for Indian Independence" The Great Depression of the 1930s The Rise of Totalitarianism Russian Communism European Fascism World War II: Origins and Outcome The Zenith of Modernism Mass Culture, technology, and Warfare Mass Culture and New Technologies Warfare Experimentation in Literature The Novel Poetry Drama Philosophy and Medicine Philosophy Science,br> Medicine Slice of Life: "The Face of Evil: A Nazi Death Camp" Art, Architecture, Photography, and Film Painting Architecture Photograohy Film Music: Atonality, Neoclassicism, and an American Idiom The Legacy of the Age of the Masses and High Modernism Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 21 THE AGE OF ANXIETY AND LATE MODERNISM, 1945-1970 From a European to a World Civilization The Era of the Superpowers, 1945-1970 Postwar Recovery and the New World Order The Cold War Emergence of the Third World The End of Modernism Philosophy and Religion Political and Social Movements Science and Technology Slice of Life: "Humans in Space: 'One Giant Leap for Mankind'" The Literature of Late Modernism: Fiction, Poetry, and Drama The Literature of Post-Modernism Fiction Poetry Drama Late Modernism and the Arts Painting Sculpture Architecture Happenings Late Modern Music Encounter: "The Globalization of Popular Music" Film The Legacy of the Age of Late Modernism Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline Chapter 22 THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD: GLOBALIZATION, TERROR, AND POST-MODERNISM Toward a New Global Order, 1970-200 National Issues and International Realignment The Fall of Communism The Post-Cold War World The Age of Terror, 2001- The Birth of Post-Modernism Medicine, Science, and Technology Advances in Medicine Genetics Technological Breakthroughs Philosophy and Religion Philosophy Religion and Religious Thought Encounter: "Continental Drift: Demography and Migration" The Literature of Post-Modernism Fiction Poetry Drama Post-Modernism and the Arts Painting Sculpture Installation Art Environmental Art Video Art Film Post-Modern Music Performance Art Mass Culture Slice of Life: "David Brooks, Trading Cricket for Jihad" The Legacy of the Contemproary World A Summing Up Key Cultural Terms Suggestions for Further Reading Suggestions for Listening Timeline APPENDIX Writing for the Humanities: Research Papers and Essay Examinations GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX ** NOTE: Chapters 11 and 12 are repeated in both Volumes 1 and 2.