
Ancient Roman Civilization: History and Sources
753 BCE to 640 CE
Ralph W. Mathisen(Author)
Oxford University Press Inc
Published on 14. September 2018
Book
Paperback/Softback
640 pages
978-0-19-084960-3 (ISBN)
Description
Ancient Roman Civilization: History and Sources: 753 BCE to 640 CE integrates in a single volume both a historical narrative and parallel translated primary sources. The book's unifying theme of cultural confrontation--how the Romans interacted or engaged with a multitude of other Mediterranean, Asiatic, and African cultures--is interwoven throughout.
Reviews / Votes
Ancient Roman Civilization provides a solid primary-source approach to Roman history * and much more. The text is particularly effective in contextualizing the rise and fall of Rome within the geographical and cultural limits of the greater Mediterranean basin and its various peoples from early Celts and Scythians to the emergence of the Muslim and Byzantine empires.Brian Duvick, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs * The integration of sources into the narrative is an excellent idea! * Timothy Doran, California State University, Los Angeles *More details
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Dimensions
Height: 191 mm
Width: 231 mm
Thickness: 23 mm
Weight
1270 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-19-084960-3 (9780190849603)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Ralph W. Mathisen is Professor of History, Classics, and Medieval Studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. He has authored, edited, or coedited thirteen books and has published 100 scholarly articles.
Author
Professor of History, Classics, and Medieval StudiesProfessor of History, Classics, and Medieval Studies, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign
Content
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PART I. THE ORIGINS OF ROME
- Chapter 1. The Wider World of Early Rome: Cultural Encounters
- The Peoples of Western Europe
- The Iberian Culture of Spain
- The Celts
-
- Northern Europe
- The Peoples of North Africa
- The Saharan World
-
- Carthage
-
- The Greeks
- The Wars of the Successors
- The Hellenistic Greek Kingdoms
- The Peoples of Western Asia
- The Jews
- The Nabataean Arabs
- Steppe Nomads: Scythians and Sarmatians
- The Parthians
- SOURCES
- Source 1.1: The Expansion of the Celts into Greece and Anatolia (279-277 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Books 24-28
- Source 1.2: The Constitution of Carthage (ca. 340 BCE)
- Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, Chapter 11
- Source 1.3: The Wars of the Successors (323-301 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Book 13
- Source 1.4: Revolt of the Maccabees (167 BCE)
- The Book of Maccabees
- Source 1.5: The Scythians (513 BCE)
- Herodotus, The Histories, Book 4
- Source 1.6: The Parthians (ca. 250-100 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Book 41
- CHAPTER 2. ARCHAIC ROME (753-509 BCE)
- Cultural Encounters of the Early Romans
- The Peoples of Italy
- The Etruscans
-
- The Western Greeks
- Rome of the Kings (753-509 BCE)
- The Founding of Rome
- Rome Becomes a City
- Early Roman Society
-
-
- The Fall of the Monarchy
- SOURCES
- Source 2.1: The Founding of Rome (753 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Romulus
- Source 2.2: Early Roman Law (ca. 550 BCE)
- The Lapis Niger
- Source 2.3: The Violation of Lucretia and the Founding of the Roman Republic (509 BCE)
- Livy, From The Founding of the City, Book 1, Chapters 57-60
- PART II. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
- CHAPTER 3. THE EARLY ROMAN REPUBLIC (509-350 BCE)
- The Creation of the Roman Republic (509-246 BCE)
- Roman Republican Government
- Citizenship and Social Organization
-
-
- The Conflict of the Orders (500-287 BCE)
- Strength in Numbers
- Social and Political Reforms
- Consolidation of Senate Authority
- Roman Law
- Struggling to Survive (509-350 BCE)
- Early Conflicts
- The Gallic Sack of Rome
-
- SOURCES
- Source 3.1: The Origins of Roman Law (451-450 BCE)
- The "Twelve Tables"
- Source 3.2: The Sack of Rome by the Gauls (390 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 5, Chapters 32-42
- CHAPTER 4. THE EXPANSION OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (350-120 BCE)
- Wars in Italy (350-268 BCE)
- The Nature of Roman Warfare in the Middle Republic
- The First Samnite War (343-341 BCE)
-
- The Great Latin Revolt (340-338 BCE)
- The Second Samnite War (326-304 BCE)
- The Third Samnite War (298-290 BCE)
- The Pyrrhic War (280-275 BCE)
-
- Wars in the Western Mediterranean (264-201 BCE)
- The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
- The Illyrian and Celtic Wars (229-219 BCE)
- The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
- Warfare Spreads to the East (200-146 BCE)
- The Second Macedonian War (200-197 BCE)
- The Syrian War (192-188 BCE)
- The Third Macedonian War (170-168 BCE)
- The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
- The Fourth Macedonian War and Achaean Revolt (149-146 BCE)
- The Wars in Spain (181-133 BCE)
- SOURCES
- Source 4.1: The Devotion of Decius Mus (295 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 10, Chapters 27-29
- Source 4.2: The Battle of Cannae (216 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 22, Chapters 34-57
- CHAPTER 5. THE IMPACT OF EXPANSION ON ROME IN THE SECOND CENTURY BCE
- Economic Developments
- Roman Coinage
- Public Expenses
- The Rise of the Equestrians
- What to Do with the Provinces
- Provincial Administration
- Problems in the Provinces
- The Extortion Court
- Social and Cultural Consequences of Expansion
- Intellectual and Literary Development
- Religious Assimilation
- The Changing Status of Women
- The Agricultural-Military Crisis
- Tiberius Gracchus and the Distribution of Public Land
-
- What to Do with the Italian Allies?
- Gaius Gracchus and the Expansion of Popular Tactics
- SOURCES
- Source 5.1: The Bacchanalian Scandal and a Criminal Investigation of the Impact of Foreign Cultures on Rome (186 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 39, Chapters 5-19, and "The Recommendation of the Senate on the Bacchanalians"
- Source 5.2: A Roman "New Man" Confronts Greek Culture (234-149 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder
- Source 5.3: The Land Law of Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Tiberius Gracchus
- CHAPTER 6. THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (120-44 BCE)
- From One Crisis to the Next (113-88 BCE)
- Marius and the Volunteer Army
-
- The Revolt of the Italian Allies
- An Age of Generals (88-60 BCE)
- The Regnum Sullanum
- Crassus and the Revolt of Spartacus
- The Rise of Pompey
- Marcus Tullius Cicero and the Conspiracy of Catiline
- Julius Caesar and the First Triumvirate (60-44 BCE)
- The Rise of Julius Caesar
- The First Triumvirate
-
- The Civil War
- Late Republican Literature
- Late Republican Poets
- Politicians at Leisure
- SOURCES
- Source 6.1: Sulla's March on Rome (88 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Sulla
- Source 6.2: The Slave Revolt of Spartacus (73-71 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Crassus
- Source 6.3: The Catilinarian Conspiracy (63 BCE)
- Cicero, First Speech against Catiline
- Source 6.4: The Siege of Alesia (52 BCE)
- Caesar, Gallic Wars, Book 7, Chapters 68-89
- Source 6.5: Late Republican Poetry (ca. 60 BCE)
- Catullus, Poems
- PART III. THE PRINCIPATE
- CHAPTER 7. AUGUSTUS AND THE CREATION OF THE PRINCIPATE (44 BCE-14 CE)
- The Second Triumvirate (43-31 BC)
- The Advent of Octavian
- Discord among the Triumvirs
-
- The Establishment of the Principate (31-21 BCE)
- From Octavian to Augustus
-
- The Principate
- The Age of Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE)
- The Provinces: Expansion and Defense
- Provincial Administration
- Winning the Hearts and Minds of the People
- Dealing with the Army
- Propaganda
- The Augustan Golden Age of Golden Literature
-
- The Imperial Succession
-
- SOURCES
- Source 7.1: Cleopatra, Pharaoh and Queen of Egypt (48-31 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Caesar and Life of Antony
- Source 7.2: An Exemplary Roman Woman (ca. 20 BCE)
- The "Praise of Turia"
- Source 7.3: Anchises Prophesizes the Future of Rome (19 BCE)
- Vergil, Aeneid, Book 6
- Source 7.4: The Secular Games (17 BCE)
- Horace, "The Secular Hymn"
- Source 7.5: The Deeds of the Deified Augustus (14 CE)
- Res gestae divi Augusti
- CHAPTER 8. JULIO-CLAUDIANS, FLAVIANS, AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF EMPIRE (14-96 CE)
- The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BCE-96 CE)
- Tiberius (14-37)
- Caligula (37-41)
- Claudius (41-54)
- Nero (54-68)
-
- The Year of the Four Emperors
- The Flavian Dynasty (69-96 CE)
- Vespasian (69-79)
- Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96)
-
-
- The Origins of Christianity
- Jesus of Nazareth
- Christians and Jews
- SOURCES
- Source 8.1: The Emperor Caligula (37-41 CE)
- Suetonius, Life of Caligula
- Source 8.2: Expanding the Membership of the Senate (48 CE)
- The "Claudian Recommendation of the Senate Regarding the Right of Honors for the Gauls," and Tacitus, Annals, Book 11, Chapters 23-25
- Source 8.3: The Rebellion of Boudicca (60-61 CE)
- Tacitus, Annals, Book 14, Chapters 31-37
- Source 8.4: The Accession of the Emperor Vespasian (69 CE)
- "The Law on the Imperium of Vespasian"
- Source 8.5: The Fall of Masada (74 CE)
- Josephus, The Wars of The Jews, Book 7, Chapter 9
- Source 8.6: The Speeches of Agricola and Calgacus before the Battle of Mount Graupius (83 CE)
- Tacitus, Agricola, 29-32
- Source 8.7: The Trial of Jesus before Pontius Pilate (ca. 28/37 CE)
- The New Testament, Matthew 27:11-16; Mark 5:1-30; John 18:28-40 and 19:1-24; and Luke 23:1-25
- CHAPTER 9. THE ROMAN PEACE (96-192)
- The Antonine Dynasty (96-192)
- Nerva (96-98)
- Trajan (98-117)
- Hadrian (117-138)
- Antoninus Pius (138-161)
- Marcus Aurelius (161-180)
-
- The Evolution of Roman Law
- The End of the Antonines
- The World of the Pax Romana
- Society and Culture
- Entertainment
-
-
- The Economy
- The Silver Age of Roman Literature
-
- Religious Diversity
- Traditional Religious Practices
- Judaism in the Roman World
- The Christians and Rome
- SOURCES
- Source 9.1: Hadrian Inspects The Troops (128 CE)
- The Lambaesis Inscription
- Source 9.2: Roman Misogyny (ca. 100 CE)
- Juvenal, Satire 6
- Source 9.3: Praise of the Roman Empire (ca. 155 CE)
- Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus, To Rome
- Source 9.4: The Jews Confront Rome (133-180 CE)
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 39a, Sabbath 33b, Me'ilah 17b
- Source 9.5: Dealing with Christians (ca. 112 CE)
- Pliny, Letters 10.96-97
- CHAPTER 10. THE SEVERANS AND THE THIRD-CENTURY CRISIS (192-284)
- The Severan Dynasty (193-235)
- Jockeying for Power
- The Reign and Policies of Septimius Severus
- A Restive Army
- Financial Collapse
-
- Imperial Women and Boy Emperors
- The Imperial Crisis (235-284)
- A Multitude of Emperors
- The Illyrian Emperors
- Hopeful Signs
-
- SOURCES
- Source 10.1: The Antonine Constitution (212 CE)
- Papyrus Gissensis 40; and Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 78, Chapter 9
- Source 10.2: "The Vigil of Venus" (ca. 200/300 CE)
- Pervigilium Veneris
- Source 10.3: The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas (7 March 203 CE)
- The Passion of Saint Perpetua, Saint Felicitas, and their Companions
- Source 10.4: The New Persian Empire (ca. 270 CE)
- The Shapur I Inscription
- Source 10.5: Zenobia and the Empire of Palmyra (267-272 CE)
- The Augustan History, "Odenathus" and "Zenobia"
- PART IV. LATE ANTIQUITY
- CHAPTER 11. THE CREATION OF THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE (284-337)
- Diocletian and the Late Roman Empire
- Diocletian and the Dominate
- Strategies for Survival
-
- Constantine and the Late Roman Empire
- The Rise of Constantine
- Strategies for Survival
- Constantine and Christianity
- Using Religion to Support the Empire
-
- The Emperor's Role in the Christian Church
-
- Thinking of the Future
- Constantine's Successors
- The Legacy of Diocletian and Constantine
- SOURCES
- Source 11.1: The "Edict on Maximum Prices" (301 CE)
- Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium
- Source 11.2: The Reforms of the Diocletian and the "Great Persecution" (303-311 CE)
- Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persecutors, 1-35
- Source 11.3: The Edict of Milan (312/313 CE)
- Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persectors, 45-48
- Source 11.4: The Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
- Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of Constantine, 2.61-71. 3.6-14
- CHAPTER 12. THE CHRISTIAN EMPIRE AND THE LATE ROMAN WORLD (337-395)
- The Successors of Constantine (337-395)
- The Dynasty of Constantine
- The Dynasty of Valentinian and Theodosius
- The Triumph of Christianity and the World of the Church
- Christian Competitors
- The Political Victory of Christianity
- The Christian Life
- Asceticism and Monasticism
- The Late Roman World
- The Role of the State
- Late Roman Economy and Infrastructure
-
- Late Roman Society
- New Opportunities
- Late Antique Literary Culture
-
- SOURCES
- Source 12.1: The Imperial Oppression of Pagans, Jews, and Heretics
- The Theodosian Code (437 CE)
- Source 12.2: The Murder of Hypatia of Alexandria (415 CE)
- Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, Book 7, Chapter 15; and John of NikiĆ», Chronicle, Chapter 84
- Source 12.3: Monastic Life on the Eastern Frontier (CA. 350/390 CE)
- Jerome, The Life of Malchus the Captive Monk
- Source 12.4: The Late Roman Criminal Legal Process (ca. 370 CE)
- Jerome, Letter 1
- Source 12.5: The Retreat to the Countryside (ca. 415 CE)
- The Inscription of Claudius Postumus Dardanus
- CHAPTER 13. THE FALL OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (375-476)
- A New Set of Problems
- Cracks in the Facade
- The Late Roman Empire and its Neighbors
- The Arrival of the Visigoths
-
- The Final Separation
-
- The Fall of the West
- The "Barbarian Invasions"
-
- Perceptions of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
-
- SOURCES
- Source 13.1: The Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Histories, Book 31, Chapters 12-14
- Source 13.2: The Sack of Rome by the Visigoths (410 CE)
- Orosius, History against the Pagans, Book 7, Chapters 38-40
- Source 13.3: The Sack of Rome by the Visigoths in God's Plan (410 CE)
- Augustine, City Of God, Book 1
- Source 13.4: The Sack of Rome by the Vandals (455 CE)
- Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 3, Chapter 5
- Source 13.5: The Last Emperor in Rome (476 CE)
- CHAPTER 14. THE BARBARIAN SUCCESSOR KINGDOMS: THE END OF ANTIQUITY IN THE WEST (476-751)
- The Post-Roman West
- The Nature of Barbarian Rule
- Potential Problems
-
- Barbarian Kingdoms
- The Visigoths
- The Vandals
- The Ostrogoths
-
- The Anglo-Saxons and Irish
- The Burgundians
- The Franks
- Classical Culture in Post-Roman Empire
- The Last Latin Classical Writers
- The Preservation of Classical Culture
- SOURCES
- Source 14.1: The Visigothic King and His Court (ca. 455/464 CE)
- Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters 2.1
- Source 14.2: The End of the Vandal Kingdom (533 CE)
- Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 3, Chapters 10-20
- Source 14.3: The Conversion of Clovis (496 CE)
- Gregory of Tours, Histories, Book 2, Chapters 28-31
- Source 14.4: The Persistence of the Classical Tradition of Barbarian Europe (ca. 575 CE)
- The Poem of Eucheria
- CHAPTER 15. BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM: THE END OF ANTIQUITY IN THE EAST (402-650)
- The Byzantine Empire
- The Age of Theodosius II
- Marcian and the Quarrel over the Nature of Christ
- The Dynasty of Leo
- The Age of Justinian
- The Policies of Justinian
-
- The Successors of Justinian
-
- Heraclius and the Greek Empire
- The Rise of the Arabs and Islam
-
- Arabia in the Classical World
- Muhammad and the Rise of Islam
- The Confrontation between Byzantium and the Arabs
-
- The Expansion of the Muslim World
- The End of Antiquity
- SOURCES
- Source 15.1: The Acclamations of the Senate of Rome (438)
- Theodosian Code, "Acts of the Senate"
- Source 15.2: The Character of Justinian and Theodora (527-548 CE)
- Procopius, Secret History, Prologue, 1-12
- Source 15.3: The Rise of Islam (627-629 CE)
- al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, 1619
- Source 15.4: The Muslim Conquest of Egypt (640 CE)
- John of NikiĆ», Chronicle, Chapters 111-120
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PART I. THE ORIGINS OF ROME
- Chapter 1. The Wider World of Early Rome: Cultural Encounters
- The Peoples of Western Europe
- The Iberian Culture of Spain
- The Celts
-
- Northern Europe
- The Peoples of North Africa
- The Saharan World
-
- Carthage
-
- The Greeks
- The Wars of the Successors
- The Hellenistic Greek Kingdoms
- The Peoples of Western Asia
- The Jews
- The Nabataean Arabs
- Steppe Nomads: Scythians and Sarmatians
- The Parthians
- SOURCES
- Source 1.1: The Expansion of the Celts into Greece and Anatolia (279-277 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Books 24-28
- Source 1.2: The Constitution of Carthage (ca. 340 BCE)
- Aristotle, Politics, Book 2, Chapter 11
- Source 1.3: The Wars of the Successors (323-301 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Book 13
- Source 1.4: Revolt of the Maccabees (167 BCE)
- The Book of Maccabees
- Source 1.5: The Scythians (513 BCE)
- Herodotus, The Histories, Book 4
- Source 1.6: The Parthians (ca. 250-100 BCE)
- Justin, Philippic Histories, Book 41
- CHAPTER 2. ARCHAIC ROME (753-509 BCE)
- Cultural Encounters of the Early Romans
- The Peoples of Italy
- The Etruscans
-
- The Western Greeks
- Rome of the Kings (753-509 BCE)
- The Founding of Rome
- Rome Becomes a City
- Early Roman Society
-
-
- The Fall of the Monarchy
- SOURCES
- Source 2.1: The Founding of Rome (753 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Romulus
- Source 2.2: Early Roman Law (ca. 550 BCE)
- The Lapis Niger
- Source 2.3: The Violation of Lucretia and the Founding of the Roman Republic (509 BCE)
- Livy, From The Founding of the City, Book 1, Chapters 57-60
- PART II. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
- CHAPTER 3. THE EARLY ROMAN REPUBLIC (509-350 BCE)
- The Creation of the Roman Republic (509-246 BCE)
- Roman Republican Government
- Citizenship and Social Organization
-
-
- The Conflict of the Orders (500-287 BCE)
- Strength in Numbers
- Social and Political Reforms
- Consolidation of Senate Authority
- Roman Law
- Struggling to Survive (509-350 BCE)
- Early Conflicts
- The Gallic Sack of Rome
-
- SOURCES
- Source 3.1: The Origins of Roman Law (451-450 BCE)
- The "Twelve Tables"
- Source 3.2: The Sack of Rome by the Gauls (390 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 5, Chapters 32-42
- CHAPTER 4. THE EXPANSION OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (350-120 BCE)
- Wars in Italy (350-268 BCE)
- The Nature of Roman Warfare in the Middle Republic
- The First Samnite War (343-341 BCE)
-
- The Great Latin Revolt (340-338 BCE)
- The Second Samnite War (326-304 BCE)
- The Third Samnite War (298-290 BCE)
- The Pyrrhic War (280-275 BCE)
-
- Wars in the Western Mediterranean (264-201 BCE)
- The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
- The Illyrian and Celtic Wars (229-219 BCE)
- The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
- Warfare Spreads to the East (200-146 BCE)
- The Second Macedonian War (200-197 BCE)
- The Syrian War (192-188 BCE)
- The Third Macedonian War (170-168 BCE)
- The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
- The Fourth Macedonian War and Achaean Revolt (149-146 BCE)
- The Wars in Spain (181-133 BCE)
- SOURCES
- Source 4.1: The Devotion of Decius Mus (295 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 10, Chapters 27-29
- Source 4.2: The Battle of Cannae (216 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 22, Chapters 34-57
- CHAPTER 5. THE IMPACT OF EXPANSION ON ROME IN THE SECOND CENTURY BCE
- Economic Developments
- Roman Coinage
- Public Expenses
- The Rise of the Equestrians
- What to Do with the Provinces
- Provincial Administration
- Problems in the Provinces
- The Extortion Court
- Social and Cultural Consequences of Expansion
- Intellectual and Literary Development
- Religious Assimilation
- The Changing Status of Women
- The Agricultural-Military Crisis
- Tiberius Gracchus and the Distribution of Public Land
-
- What to Do with the Italian Allies?
- Gaius Gracchus and the Expansion of Popular Tactics
- SOURCES
- Source 5.1: The Bacchanalian Scandal and a Criminal Investigation of the Impact of Foreign Cultures on Rome (186 BCE)
- Livy, From the Founding of the City, Book 39, Chapters 5-19, and "The Recommendation of the Senate on the Bacchanalians"
- Source 5.2: A Roman "New Man" Confronts Greek Culture (234-149 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Cato the Elder
- Source 5.3: The Land Law of Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Tiberius Gracchus
- CHAPTER 6. THE DECLINE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC (120-44 BCE)
- From One Crisis to the Next (113-88 BCE)
- Marius and the Volunteer Army
-
- The Revolt of the Italian Allies
- An Age of Generals (88-60 BCE)
- The Regnum Sullanum
- Crassus and the Revolt of Spartacus
- The Rise of Pompey
- Marcus Tullius Cicero and the Conspiracy of Catiline
- Julius Caesar and the First Triumvirate (60-44 BCE)
- The Rise of Julius Caesar
- The First Triumvirate
-
- The Civil War
- Late Republican Literature
- Late Republican Poets
- Politicians at Leisure
- SOURCES
- Source 6.1: Sulla's March on Rome (88 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Sulla
- Source 6.2: The Slave Revolt of Spartacus (73-71 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Crassus
- Source 6.3: The Catilinarian Conspiracy (63 BCE)
- Cicero, First Speech against Catiline
- Source 6.4: The Siege of Alesia (52 BCE)
- Caesar, Gallic Wars, Book 7, Chapters 68-89
- Source 6.5: Late Republican Poetry (ca. 60 BCE)
- Catullus, Poems
- PART III. THE PRINCIPATE
- CHAPTER 7. AUGUSTUS AND THE CREATION OF THE PRINCIPATE (44 BCE-14 CE)
- The Second Triumvirate (43-31 BC)
- The Advent of Octavian
- Discord among the Triumvirs
-
- The Establishment of the Principate (31-21 BCE)
- From Octavian to Augustus
-
- The Principate
- The Age of Augustus (27 BCE-14 CE)
- The Provinces: Expansion and Defense
- Provincial Administration
- Winning the Hearts and Minds of the People
- Dealing with the Army
- Propaganda
- The Augustan Golden Age of Golden Literature
-
- The Imperial Succession
-
- SOURCES
- Source 7.1: Cleopatra, Pharaoh and Queen of Egypt (48-31 BCE)
- Plutarch, Life of Caesar and Life of Antony
- Source 7.2: An Exemplary Roman Woman (ca. 20 BCE)
- The "Praise of Turia"
- Source 7.3: Anchises Prophesizes the Future of Rome (19 BCE)
- Vergil, Aeneid, Book 6
- Source 7.4: The Secular Games (17 BCE)
- Horace, "The Secular Hymn"
- Source 7.5: The Deeds of the Deified Augustus (14 CE)
- Res gestae divi Augusti
- CHAPTER 8. JULIO-CLAUDIANS, FLAVIANS, AND THE CONSOLIDATION OF EMPIRE (14-96 CE)
- The Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BCE-96 CE)
- Tiberius (14-37)
- Caligula (37-41)
- Claudius (41-54)
- Nero (54-68)
-
- The Year of the Four Emperors
- The Flavian Dynasty (69-96 CE)
- Vespasian (69-79)
- Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96)
-
-
- The Origins of Christianity
- Jesus of Nazareth
- Christians and Jews
- SOURCES
- Source 8.1: The Emperor Caligula (37-41 CE)
- Suetonius, Life of Caligula
- Source 8.2: Expanding the Membership of the Senate (48 CE)
- The "Claudian Recommendation of the Senate Regarding the Right of Honors for the Gauls," and Tacitus, Annals, Book 11, Chapters 23-25
- Source 8.3: The Rebellion of Boudicca (60-61 CE)
- Tacitus, Annals, Book 14, Chapters 31-37
- Source 8.4: The Accession of the Emperor Vespasian (69 CE)
- "The Law on the Imperium of Vespasian"
- Source 8.5: The Fall of Masada (74 CE)
- Josephus, The Wars of The Jews, Book 7, Chapter 9
- Source 8.6: The Speeches of Agricola and Calgacus before the Battle of Mount Graupius (83 CE)
- Tacitus, Agricola, 29-32
- Source 8.7: The Trial of Jesus before Pontius Pilate (ca. 28/37 CE)
- The New Testament, Matthew 27:11-16; Mark 5:1-30; John 18:28-40 and 19:1-24; and Luke 23:1-25
- CHAPTER 9. THE ROMAN PEACE (96-192)
- The Antonine Dynasty (96-192)
- Nerva (96-98)
- Trajan (98-117)
- Hadrian (117-138)
- Antoninus Pius (138-161)
- Marcus Aurelius (161-180)
-
- The Evolution of Roman Law
- The End of the Antonines
- The World of the Pax Romana
- Society and Culture
- Entertainment
-
-
- The Economy
- The Silver Age of Roman Literature
-
- Religious Diversity
- Traditional Religious Practices
- Judaism in the Roman World
- The Christians and Rome
- SOURCES
- Source 9.1: Hadrian Inspects The Troops (128 CE)
- The Lambaesis Inscription
- Source 9.2: Roman Misogyny (ca. 100 CE)
- Juvenal, Satire 6
- Source 9.3: Praise of the Roman Empire (ca. 155 CE)
- Publius Aelius Aristides Theodorus, To Rome
- Source 9.4: The Jews Confront Rome (133-180 CE)
- Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin 39a, Sabbath 33b, Me'ilah 17b
- Source 9.5: Dealing with Christians (ca. 112 CE)
- Pliny, Letters 10.96-97
- CHAPTER 10. THE SEVERANS AND THE THIRD-CENTURY CRISIS (192-284)
- The Severan Dynasty (193-235)
- Jockeying for Power
- The Reign and Policies of Septimius Severus
- A Restive Army
- Financial Collapse
-
- Imperial Women and Boy Emperors
- The Imperial Crisis (235-284)
- A Multitude of Emperors
- The Illyrian Emperors
- Hopeful Signs
-
- SOURCES
- Source 10.1: The Antonine Constitution (212 CE)
- Papyrus Gissensis 40; and Cassius Dio, Roman History, Book 78, Chapter 9
- Source 10.2: "The Vigil of Venus" (ca. 200/300 CE)
- Pervigilium Veneris
- Source 10.3: The Martyrdom of Perpetua and Felicitas (7 March 203 CE)
- The Passion of Saint Perpetua, Saint Felicitas, and their Companions
- Source 10.4: The New Persian Empire (ca. 270 CE)
- The Shapur I Inscription
- Source 10.5: Zenobia and the Empire of Palmyra (267-272 CE)
- The Augustan History, "Odenathus" and "Zenobia"
- PART IV. LATE ANTIQUITY
- CHAPTER 11. THE CREATION OF THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE (284-337)
- Diocletian and the Late Roman Empire
- Diocletian and the Dominate
- Strategies for Survival
-
- Constantine and the Late Roman Empire
- The Rise of Constantine
- Strategies for Survival
- Constantine and Christianity
- Using Religion to Support the Empire
-
- The Emperor's Role in the Christian Church
-
- Thinking of the Future
- Constantine's Successors
- The Legacy of Diocletian and Constantine
- SOURCES
- Source 11.1: The "Edict on Maximum Prices" (301 CE)
- Edictum de pretiis rerum venalium
- Source 11.2: The Reforms of the Diocletian and the "Great Persecution" (303-311 CE)
- Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persecutors, 1-35
- Source 11.3: The Edict of Milan (312/313 CE)
- Lactantius, On the Deaths of the Persectors, 45-48
- Source 11.4: The Council of Nicaea (325 CE)
- Eusebius of Caesarea, Life of Constantine, 2.61-71. 3.6-14
- CHAPTER 12. THE CHRISTIAN EMPIRE AND THE LATE ROMAN WORLD (337-395)
- The Successors of Constantine (337-395)
- The Dynasty of Constantine
- The Dynasty of Valentinian and Theodosius
- The Triumph of Christianity and the World of the Church
- Christian Competitors
- The Political Victory of Christianity
- The Christian Life
- Asceticism and Monasticism
- The Late Roman World
- The Role of the State
- Late Roman Economy and Infrastructure
-
- Late Roman Society
- New Opportunities
- Late Antique Literary Culture
-
- SOURCES
- Source 12.1: The Imperial Oppression of Pagans, Jews, and Heretics
- The Theodosian Code (437 CE)
- Source 12.2: The Murder of Hypatia of Alexandria (415 CE)
- Socrates Scholasticus, Ecclesiastical History, Book 7, Chapter 15; and John of NikiĆ», Chronicle, Chapter 84
- Source 12.3: Monastic Life on the Eastern Frontier (CA. 350/390 CE)
- Jerome, The Life of Malchus the Captive Monk
- Source 12.4: The Late Roman Criminal Legal Process (ca. 370 CE)
- Jerome, Letter 1
- Source 12.5: The Retreat to the Countryside (ca. 415 CE)
- The Inscription of Claudius Postumus Dardanus
- CHAPTER 13. THE FALL OF THE WESTERN ROMAN EMPIRE (375-476)
- A New Set of Problems
- Cracks in the Facade
- The Late Roman Empire and its Neighbors
- The Arrival of the Visigoths
-
- The Final Separation
-
- The Fall of the West
- The "Barbarian Invasions"
-
- Perceptions of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
-
- SOURCES
- Source 13.1: The Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)
- Ammianus Marcellinus, Histories, Book 31, Chapters 12-14
- Source 13.2: The Sack of Rome by the Visigoths (410 CE)
- Orosius, History against the Pagans, Book 7, Chapters 38-40
- Source 13.3: The Sack of Rome by the Visigoths in God's Plan (410 CE)
- Augustine, City Of God, Book 1
- Source 13.4: The Sack of Rome by the Vandals (455 CE)
- Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 3, Chapter 5
- Source 13.5: The Last Emperor in Rome (476 CE)
- CHAPTER 14. THE BARBARIAN SUCCESSOR KINGDOMS: THE END OF ANTIQUITY IN THE WEST (476-751)
- The Post-Roman West
- The Nature of Barbarian Rule
- Potential Problems
-
- Barbarian Kingdoms
- The Visigoths
- The Vandals
- The Ostrogoths
-
- The Anglo-Saxons and Irish
- The Burgundians
- The Franks
- Classical Culture in Post-Roman Empire
- The Last Latin Classical Writers
- The Preservation of Classical Culture
- SOURCES
- Source 14.1: The Visigothic King and His Court (ca. 455/464 CE)
- Sidonius Apollinaris, Letters 2.1
- Source 14.2: The End of the Vandal Kingdom (533 CE)
- Procopius, History of the Wars, Book 3, Chapters 10-20
- Source 14.3: The Conversion of Clovis (496 CE)
- Gregory of Tours, Histories, Book 2, Chapters 28-31
- Source 14.4: The Persistence of the Classical Tradition of Barbarian Europe (ca. 575 CE)
- The Poem of Eucheria
- CHAPTER 15. BYZANTIUM AND ISLAM: THE END OF ANTIQUITY IN THE EAST (402-650)
- The Byzantine Empire
- The Age of Theodosius II
- Marcian and the Quarrel over the Nature of Christ
- The Dynasty of Leo
- The Age of Justinian
- The Policies of Justinian
-
- The Successors of Justinian
-
- Heraclius and the Greek Empire
- The Rise of the Arabs and Islam
-
- Arabia in the Classical World
- Muhammad and the Rise of Islam
- The Confrontation between Byzantium and the Arabs
-
- The Expansion of the Muslim World
- The End of Antiquity
- SOURCES
- Source 15.1: The Acclamations of the Senate of Rome (438)
- Theodosian Code, "Acts of the Senate"
- Source 15.2: The Character of Justinian and Theodora (527-548 CE)
- Procopius, Secret History, Prologue, 1-12
- Source 15.3: The Rise of Islam (627-629 CE)
- al-Tabari, History of the Prophets and Kings, 1619
- Source 15.4: The Muslim Conquest of Egypt (640 CE)
- John of NikiĆ», Chronicle, Chapters 111-120
-
-
-