Principles of Field Crop Production
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I. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION.
1. The Art and Science of Crop Production.
Crop Production as an Art.
Crop Production as a Science.
Population and Food Supply.
Origin of Cultivated Plants.
Variation in Cultivated Plants.
Spread of Cultivated Plants.
Classification of Crop Plants.
Botanical Classification of Crop Plants.
The Leading Field Crops.
Future Increases in Productivity.
2. Crop Plants in Relation to the Environment.
Factors in Crop Distribution.
Climate.
Air.
Soil Requirements.
Indicator Significance of Native Vegetation.
Insects and Diseases.
Economic Factors in Crop Choice.
Cropping Regions in the U.S.
3. Botany of Crop Plants.
General Nature of Crop Plants.
The Plant Cell.
Structure and Functions of Crop Plants.
Reproductive Processes in Crop Plants.
Seeds and Fruits.
Growth Processes in Crop Plants.
Plant Competition.
4. Crop Improvement.
Possibilities in Crop Improvement.
Objectives in Crop Breeding.
Methods of Crop Breeding.
Production of Hybrid Seed.
Breeding for Disease Resistance.
Biotechnology and Crop Improvement.
Experimental Methods.
5. Tillage Practices.
History of Tillage Operations.
Purposes of Tillage.
Implements for Seedbed Preparation.
Surface Implements in Final Seedbed Preparation.
Tillage in Seedbed Preparation.
Subsoiling.
Conservation Tillage.
Fallow.
Soil Mulches for Moisture Conservation.
Cultivation in Relation to Soil Nitrates.
Other Effects of Cultivation.
Intertillage or Cultivation.
Artificial Mulches.
Tillage in Relation to Water Erosion.
Tillage in Relation to Wind Erosion.
6. Fertilizer, Green Manuring, Rotation, and Multiple Cropping Practices.
Purpose of Fertilization.
Effect of Nutrient Elements on Plant Growth.
Commercial Fertilizers.
Lime as a Soil Amendment.
Animal Manure.
Sewage Sludge (Biosolids).
Green Manure and Cover Crops.
Crop Rotation.
Organic Farming.
Multiple Cropping.
7. Seeds and Seeding.
Importance of Good Seeds.
Chemical Composition of Seeds.
Seed Germination.
Germination and Purity Tests.
Seed Laws and Regulations.
Seed Associations.
Sources of Farm Seeds.
Seeding Crops.
8. Harvest of Field Crops.
Grain and Seed Crops.
Hay and Hay Making.
Silage.
9. Handling and Marketing Grain, Seeds, and Hay.
Marketing Grain.
Marketing Seeds.
Handling Grain at a Terminal Market.
Hedging.
Futures Trading.
Grain Trading.
Storage and Drying of Grain and Seeds.
Drying Grain and Seeds.
Cleaning Grain and Seeds.
Insects in Stored Grain.
Marketing Hay.
Forage Quality.
Crop Judging.
10. Pastureland and Rangeland.
Importance of Pastures and Range.
Advantages of Pastures.
Kinds of Pastures.
Permanent Pastures.
Adapted Pasture Species.
Characteristics of Pasture Plants.
Basic Principles of Plant Behavior.
Plants in Pasture Mixtures.
Pasture Mixtures for Different Regions.
Establishment of Permanent Pastures.
Fertilization of Pastures.
Renovation and Reseeding.
Grazing Systems.
Burning Grasslands and Brush.
Eradication of Weeds or Brush.
Poisonous Plants.
Crops for Temporary or Annual Pastures.
Winter Wheat for Pasture.
11. Weeds and Their Control.
Economic Importance.
Types of Crop Weeds.
Losses Caused by Weeds.
Persistence of Weeds.
Dissemination of Weeds.
Control of Common Crop Weeds.
Serious Perennial Weeds.
Serious Annual Weeds.
Parasitic Plants.
II. CROPS OF THE GRASS FAMILY.
12. Corn or Maize.
Economic Importance.
History of Corn Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Characteristics.
Types of Corn.
Open-Pollinated Varieties.
Corn Hybrids.
Popcorn and Sweet Corn.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Corn Culture.
Corn Stover.
Corn Fodder.
Corn Silage.
Harvest by Livestock.
Seed Corn.
Uses of Corn.
Milling of Corn.
Making Corn Whisky.
Popping Corn.
Processing Sweet Corn.
Composition of the Corn Kernel.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
13. Sorghum.
Economic Importance.
History of Sorghum Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Sorghum Groups.
Prussic Acid Poisoning.
Hybrids.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Sorghum Culture.
Sudangrass Culture.
Johnsongrass as a Crop.
Uses of Sorghum.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
Biological Control of Sorghum Pests.
14. Sugarcane.
Economic Importance.
History of Sugarcane Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Sugarcane Species.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Sugarcane Culture.
Sugar and Syrup Manufacture.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
15. Wheat.
Economic Importance.
History of Wheat Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Species of Wheat.
Wheat Classes.
Wheat Relatives.
Hybrid Wheat.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Wheat Culture.
Uses of Wheat.
Milling of Wheat.
Chemical Composition of Wheat and Flour.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
16. Rye and Triticale.
Economic Importance.
History of Rye Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Rye Culture.
Uses of Rye.
Diseases.
Insects.
Triticale (X Triticosecale).
17. Barley.
Economic Importance.
History of Barley Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Cultivated Barley Species.
Regional Types and Varieties.
Barley Improvement.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Barley Culture.
Uses of Barley.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
18. Oat.
Economic Importance.
History of Oat Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Species of Oat.
Natural Cross-Pollination.
Dormancy in Oat.
Oat Types.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Cultural Practices.
Uses of Oat.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
19. Rice.
Economic Importance.
History of Rice Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Rice Types.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Rice Culture.
Rice Culture in Asia.
Milling of Rice.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
Wild Rice.
20. Millets.
Economic Importance.
Foxtail Millet.
Proso Millet.
Pearl Millet.
Japanese Barnyard Millet.
Browntop Millet.
Other Millets.
21. Perennial Forage Grasses.
Economic Importance.
Grass Types.
Adaptation.
Seeding.
Timothy.
Smooth Bromegrass.
Orchardgrass.
Tall Fescue.
Reed Canarygrass.
Kentucky Bluegrass.
Bermudagrass.
Redtop.
Crested Wheatgrass.
Western Wheatgrass.
Slender Wheatgrass.
Other Wheatgrasses.
Perennial Ryegrass.
Italian Ryegrass.
Other Wildrye Grasses.
Meadow Foxtail.
Tall Oatgrass.
Blue Grama.
Buffalograss.
Other Range Grasses.
Carpetgrass.
Napiergrass.
Dallisgrass.
Other Southern Grasses.
III. CROPS OF THE LEGUME FAMILY.
22. Alfalfa.
Economic Importance.
History of Alfalfa Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Groups.
Hard or Impermeable Seed.
Winter Hardiness.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Alfalfa Culture.
Alfalfa Quality.
Dehydrated Alfalfa.
Alfalfa as a Pasture Crop.
Seed Production.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
23. Sweetclover.
History of Sweetclover Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Sweetclover Species.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Sweetclover Culture.
Uses of Sweetclover.
Coumarin in Sweetclover.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
24. The True Clovers.
Economic Importance.
Important Clover Species.
Red Clover.
Alsike Clover.
Kura Clover.
White Clover.
Strawberry Clover.
Crimson Clover.
Other Winter Annual Clovers.
25. Lespedeza.
Economic Importance.
History of Lespedeza Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Hard Seeds in Lespedeza.
Varieties.
Chemical Composition..
Rotations.
Cultural Methods for Annual Lespedezas.
Cultural Methods for Sericea Lespedeza.
Role in Soil Conservation.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
26. Soybean.
Economic Importance.
History of Soybean Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Soybean Culture.
Uses of Soybean.
Chemical Composition.
Soybean-Oil Extraction.
Diseases.
Nematodes.
Insect Pests.
27. Cowpea.
Economic Importance.
History of Cowpea Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Rotations.
Cowpea Culture.
Uses of Cowpea.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
28. Field Beans.
Economic Importance.
History of Bean Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Bean Types.
Lentil.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Bean Culture.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
29. Peanut.
Economic Importance.
History of Peanut Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Types of Peanut.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Peanut Culture.
Processing Peanuts.
Uses of Peanut.
Chemical Composition.
Diseases.
Insect and Mite Pests.
30. Miscellaneous Legumes.
Field Pea.
Vetch.
Velvetbean.
Annual Medics.
Kudzu.
Crotalaria.
Trefoil.
Crownvetch.
Cicer Milkvetch.
Sainfoin.
Sesbania.
Lupine.
Guar.
Florida Beggarweed.
Roughpea.
Hairy Indigo.
Alyceclover.
Pigeon Pea.
Other Forage Legumes.
IV. CROPS OF OTHER PLANT FAMILIES.
31. Buckwheat.
Economic Importance.
Adaptation.
History of Buckwheat Culture.
Botanical Description.
Types.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Buckwheat Culture.
Uses of Buckwheat.
Chemical Composition.
Milling.
Pests.
32. Flax.
Economic Importance.
History of Cotton Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Cotton Culture.
Defoliation, Desiccation, and Topping.
Cotton Ginning.
Uses of Cotton.
Market Quality of Cotton Fiber.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
34. Tobacco.
Economic Importance.
History of Tobacco Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Classification of Tobacco.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Tobacco Culture.
Changes in Tobacco Production.
Curing Tobacco Leaves.
Handling and Marketing.
Tobacco Quality.
Diseases.
Nutritional or Physiological Disorders.
Insect Pests.
35. Sugarbeet.
Economic Importance.
History of Sugarbeet Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Hybrids or Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Sugarbeet Culture.
Sugar Manufacture.
Seed Production.
Diseases.
Deficiency Disorders.
Nematodes.
Insect Pests.
36. Potato.
Economic Importance.
History of Potato Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Seed Potato.
Potato Culture.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
37. Sweetpotato and Yam.
Economic Importance.
History of Sweetpotato Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Varieties.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Sweetpotato Culture.
Curing.
Storage.
Uses.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
Yam.
38. Rapeseed/Canola.
Rapeseed and Canola.
Economic Importance.
History of Rapeseed Culture.
Adaptation.
Botanical Description.
Fertilizers.
Rotations.
Rapeseed Culture.
Uses of Rapeseed and Canola.
Chemical Composition.
Oil Extraction.
Diseases.
Insect Pests.
39. Miscellaneous Industrial Crops.
Hops.
Mint.
Sunflower.
Mustard.
Sesame.
Safflower.
Castorbean.
Guayule.
Hemp.
Ramie.
Kenaf.
Pyrethrum.
Other Industrial Crops.
40. Miscellaneous Food and Forage Crops.
Jerusalem Artichoke.
Root and Leaf Crops.
Pumpkin and Squash.
Other Crops.
V. APPENDICES.
Table A-1. Seed, and Plant Characteristics.
Table A-2. Composition of Crop Products.
Table A-3. Conversion Tables.
Glossary.
Index.