Ageing of Composites

PART 1 AGEING OF COMPOSITES - PROCESSES AND MODELLING


The physical and chemical ageing of polymeric composites, T. Gates, NASA Langley Research Center, USA
- Introduction
- Background
- Viscoelasticity
- Aging and effective time
- Development of an aging study
- Summary
- References


Ageing of glass-ceramic matrix composites, K. Plucknett, Dalhousie University, Canada
- Introduction
- Composite fabrication
- Fast-fracture behaviour
- Long-term environmental ageing behaviour
- Mechanism of oxidation degradation
- Development of a failure mechanism map
- Oxidation behaviour under applied stress
- Thermal shock cycling
- Composite protection methods
- Conclusions and future trends
- References


Chemical ageing mechanisms of glass fibre reinforced concrete, H. Cuypers, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium and J. Orlowsky, Institut fuer Bauforschung der RWTH Aachen, Germany
- Introduction
- Problem identification
- Experimental methods
- Modelling of chemical attack of fibres
- Interface effects
- Composite loading effects
- In situ degradation of composites due to chemical attack
- Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References


Stress corrosion cracking in glass reinforced polymer composites, A. Chateauminois, Ecole Superieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles (ESPCI), France
- Introduction
- Overview of stress corrosion cracking in glass reinforced polymer matrix composites
- Stress corrosion cracking of glass fibres
- Stress corrosion cracking in unidirectional glass fibre reinforced polymer composite composites
- Concluding remarks and future trends
- References


Thermo-oxidative ageing of composite materials, T. Tsotsis, The Boeing Company, USA
- Introduction
- Developments in understanding thermo-oxidative aging
- Initial studies - Kerr and Haskins
- Overview of other studies
- Areas for future study
- Conclusions and recommendations
- References


Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy of ageing composites, R. W. Jones and J. McClelland, Iowa State University, USA
- Introduction
- Theory and practice of photoacoustic spectroscopy
- Ageing of composites
- Ambient temperature ageing of prepreg
- Acknowledgements
- References


Modelling physical ageing in polymer composites, H. Hu, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
- Introduction
- Modelling physical aging in short-term creep
- Modelling physical aging in long-term creep
- Temperature and moisture effects
- Conclusions
- References


Ageing of silicon carbide composites, S. M. Skolianos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
- Introduction
- Silicon carbide composites
- Ageing kinetics
- Microstructural change
- Effect of volume fraction and size of Silicon carbide reinforcement
- Change in properties
- References


Modelling accelerated ageing in polymer composites, G. Mensitieri, CR-INSTM - University of Naples Federico II and M Iannone, Alenia Aeronautica s.p.a., Italy
- Introduction
- Definition of environmental conditions and important variables
- Degradation mechanisms and processes
- Modelling time-dependent mechanical behaviour
- Modelling mechanical degradation
- Modelling physical ageing
- Modelling hygrothermal effects
- Modelling chemical ageing
- Methodology for accelerated testing based on modelling approach
- Accelerated long-time mechanical behaviour
- Accelerated mechanical degradation
- Accelerated physical ageing
- Accelerated hygrothermal degradation
- Accelerated thermal degradation and oxidation
- Validation of acceleration procedure by comparison with real-time data
- Future trends
- References


PART 2 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS


Ageing of composites in the rail industry, K. B. Shin, HANBAT National University, Korea
- Introduction
- The major environmental ageing factors and effects of composites for rail vehicle applications
- Environmental test methods and evaluation procedure on ageing of composites
- Case study: evaluation of the effect of increased composite ageing on the structural integrity of the bodyshell of the Korean tilting train
- References


Ageing of composites in the rotorcraft industry, K. Dragan, Polish Air Force Institute of Technology, Poland
- Introduction to composite structures applied in the rotorcraft industry using the example of PZL
- Potential damage that can occur in a composite main rotor blade
- Low-energy impact damage and durability in a W-3 main rotor blade
- Influence of moisture and temperature
- New techniques for composite structures testing
- References


Ageing of composites in marine vessels, P. Davies and D. Choqueuse, IFREMER Brest Centre, France
- The use of composites in marine vessels
- Marine composites
- The marine environment
- Recent published studies on marine ageing
- Example 1: glass-reinforced thermoset ageing
- Example 2: ageing at sea
- Example 3: osmosis and blistering
- Relevance of accelerated tests
- Conclusions and future trends
- References


PART 3 AGEING OF COMPOSITES IN NON-TRANSPORT APPLICATIONS


Ageing of polyethylene composite implants in medical devices, S. Affatato, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Italy
- Definition of medical devices
- Brief history of polyethylene used in medical devices
- Improvement on polyethylene for medical devices
- Ageing of polyethylene
- Future trends
- Acknowledgements
- References


Ageing of composite in oil and gas applications, S. Frost, ESR Technology Ltd., UK
- Introduction
- Modeling of damage
- Ageing due to temperature
- Ageing due to chemical species
- Ageing due to applied load
- Design against ageing
- Assessment of ageing
- Examples of ageing
- Conclusions
- References


Ageing of composites in the construction industry, S. Halliwell, NetComposites Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- Use of fibre-reinforced polymer composites (FRPs) in construction
- Benefits of fibre-reinforced polymer composites for construction
- Performance requirements
- Performance in service
- Joints
- Repair of degraded fibre-reinforced polymer composite structures
- Summary
- Sources of further information and advice
- References


Ageing of composite insulators, S. M. Gubanski, Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden
- High-voltage insulators
- Materials and manufacturing techniques
- Practical experiences with composite insulators
- Ageing of insulator housing
- Ageing of insulator core
- Ageing at insulator interfaces
- Future trends
- References


Ageing of composites in the chemical processing industry, R. Martin, MERL Ltd, UK
- Introduction
- Examples of use of fibre reinforced polymer composites in the processing industry
- Types of fibre reinforced polymer composite
- Types of degradation in fibre reinforced polymer composites
- Current methods for assessing long-term ageing of fibre-reinforced plastics
- Case studies of ageing assessment approaches
- Concluding remarks
- References


Ageing of composites in underwater applications, D. Choqueuse and P. Davies, IFREMER Brest Centre, France
- Introduction
- Deep sea environmental parameters
- Ageing of composites in water
- Case study 1: composite tubes
- Case study 2: composite material for deep sea applications
- Case study 3: syntactic foam for deep sea and offshore applications
- Concluding remarks
- References