Frequency Standards and Metrology
Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium, Ancona, Italy, September 5 - 9, 1988
Published on 11. May 1989
Book
Hardback
XX, 484 pages
978-3-540-50818-2 (ISBN)
Description
Since the previous Symposium, several exciting new developments and advances have occurred in the field of frequency standards and metrology. These include the first results on the long-tenn stability of a millisecond Pulsar, for which data 14 integrated over several years now show a stability of around 10- . Improvements in the understanding of various biases in Cesium beam standards promise accuracies in the low 14s for primary standards and in the low 13s for short commercial tubes, for which long tenn stabilities in low 14s have already been shown to be obtainable by accuracy improvement. Beams using optical pumping for state selection and for detection have been operated with excellent results, and more are being realized. Other new frequency standards which have appeared include a macroscopic rf trap with Mercury ions, which perfonns in the low 15s in one day, the sub millimeter metastable Magnesium beam, which has shown a short tenn stability 19 in the low 12s in one second and promises an accuracy of 10- , and the cold Hydrogen masers, which have such high stabilities that they cannot be measured with existing local oscillators. Prospects for future developments include laser manipulation of neutrals and spectroscopy of single ions at rest in a trap. Both these groups of techniques have great potential for unprecedented accuracy and short-and long-tenn stability, and new superior frequency standards are expected to be realizable in this way in the not too distant future.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Heidelberg
Germany
Publishing group
Springer Berlin
Target group
College/higher education
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
28 s/w Abbildungen
Dimensions
Height: 24.2 cm
Width: 17 cm
Weight
955 gr
ISBN-13
978-3-540-50818-2 (9783540508182)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-74501-0
Schweitzer Classification
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Frequency Standards and Metrology
Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium, Ancona, Italy, September 5 - 9, 1988
Book
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Springer
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Frequency Standards and Metrology
Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium, Ancona, Italy, September 5 - 9, 1988
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Content
I Opening Session.- New Looks at Old Ideas.- Frequency Metrology and the Fundamental Physical Constants.- Coherent Spectroscopy on a Single Atomic System at Rest in Free Space III.- II Use and Availability of the Frequency Reference.- Use and Availability of the Frequency Standards.- Advanced Applications of Frequency Standards.- In Search of the Best Clock - an Update.- Comparison of Primary Frequency Standards.- III Established Microwave Standards.- Established Microwave Frequency Standards.- A Point of View on the Accuracy Performances and on the Prospects of Improvement of Primary Cesium Beam Frequency Standards.- The Accuracy of Commercial Cesium Beam Frequency Standards.- Reproducibility of H Maser Standards.- Advances in the Theory of Gas-Cell Atomic Frequency Standards.- IV New Standards.- Presentation of the Session Entitled "New Standards".- High Accuracy Spectroscopy of Stored Ions.- Mg Beam Frequency Standard.- V Cold H Masers.- to Cold Hydrogen Masers.- The Cold Hydrogen Maser.- Performance of the UBC Cryogenic Hydrogen Maser.- Quantum Scattering of Atomic Hydrogen from the Surface of Liquid Helium.- VI Optically Pumped Cesium.- Influence of Low Magnetic Field on Pumping Efficiency in an Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Resonator.- An Optically Pumped Primary Frequency Standard.- Design of an Optically Pumped Cs Laboratory Frequency Standard.- Preliminary Results and Some Considerations on Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard.- Experimental Results on an Optically Pumped Cs Frequency Standard.- Temperature Measurements of Laser Cooled Cesium Atoms.- VII Local Oscillators.- Local Oscillators - Introductory Remarks.- Stability of Frequency Locked Loops.- 1/f Noise in Oscillators: Theoretical and Experimental Progresses.- RF Local Oscillators for Future Frequency Standards.- Ultra-Stable Cavity-Stabilized Lasers with Subhertz Linewidth.- Low-Noise and Stable LO's for Deep Space Applications.- VIII Frequency Synthesis.- Progress in Infrared Frequency Synthesis.- Coherent Frequency Measurements of the Hfs-Resolved Methane Line.- Phase-Locked Frequency Chains to 130 THz at NRC.- Direct Comparison of the Characteristics of Optical and Hydrogen Frequency Standards.- IX Near IR Frequency Standards.- The Physics of Optical Frequency Standards Using Saturation Methods.- Double-Mode He-Ne/CH4 Laser Stabilized by Methane Resonances with Relative Width of 10-11.- State-of-the-Art for High Accuracy Frequency Standards in the 28 THz Range Using Saturated Absorption Resonances of OsO4 and CO2.- X Solid State Lasers.- Solid State Lasers - Introduction.- Narrow-Linewidth Operation of Diode-Laser-Pumped Nonplanar Ring Oscillators.- Optical Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers.- Frequency Stabilization of Highly Coherent AlGaAs Diode Lasers.- Frequency Control of Semiconductor Lasers.- XI Containment of Neutrals.- Recent Progress in the Control of the Motion of Atomic Beams by Laser Fields.- Atoms Laser-Cooled Below the Doppler-Cooling Limit.- High-Contrast, High-Resolution Single Recoil Component Ramsey Fringes in Ca.- Obtaining of Supernarrow Saturated Absorption Resonances on Cold Particles and Their Use for Optical Frequency Standards.- Laser Cooling in Calcium and Magnesium Atomic Beams.- XII Trapped Ions.- to the Session on Trapped Ions.- Hg+ Single Ion Spectroscopy.- Lifetime Measurements of Metastable States in Ions.- Nonlinear Effects in Trapped Three-Level Ions.- New Frequency Standards Based on Yb+.- Laser Spectroscopy of a Single Barium Ion Using "Shelving".- Frequency Standards Utilizing Penning Traps.- XII. 1 General Physics.- The Interferometric Detection of Gravitational Waves - a Status Report.- Relativity, Pulsar Time, and Atomic Time.- Testing Spatial Isotropy Using Optically-Pumped 199Hg and 201Hg.- XII. 2 Quantum Physics.- Squeezed States, Interferometric Limits and Back-Action Evasion.- Mass Ratio Spectroscopy and the Proton's Atomic Mass.- The Physics of Circular Atoms and the Measurement of the Rydberg Constant.- Determination of the Rydberg Constant by Doppler-Free Two-Photon Spectroscopy of Atomic Hydrogen Rydberg States.- XIII Poster Sessions.- The Primary Cesium Atomic Clocks of the PTB.- Metrological Parameters of the Primary Cesium Beam Frequency Standards in the National Time and Frequency Standard of the USSR.- Work on Cesium Standards at NRC.- Optical Pumping with Finite-Linewidth Lasers: Predictions for the Optically Pumped Cesium Beam Frequency Standard.- Work on Primary Cesium Beam Frequency Standard at CRL.- Improvement and Reevaluation of Chinese Primary Frequency Standard.- Preliminary Results on Small Optically Pumped Cesium Resonator.- Determining the Velocity Distribution in Cesium Beams from the Response to a Microwave Pulse.- Physical Problems Determining the Reliability of the Classical Microwave Frequency Standards.- Difference Frequency in Two Isotopes Atomic Beam Magnetic Resonance Apparatus as Candidate for Frequency Standard.- Studies and Developments of H-Masers at LHA.- Hydrogen Maser Auto-Tuning Systems.- Work on Hydrogen Maser.- Advanced Atomic Hydrogen Masers.- Recent Progress in Oscillating Compact Hydrogen Masers.- Shapes of Storage Bulbs for Hydrogen Masers for Maximum Filling Factor.- H Maser and Rb Work in Romania.- Collisions of Atoms in Microwave and Laser Fields.- Temperature of Mercury Ions Stored in an R. F. Cylindrical Trap.- A High Stability Oscillator Based on a Sapphire Loaded Superconducting Cavity Resonator.- Recent Scientific Results at the Istituto di Radioastronomia.- The Time and Frequency System at the Matera Space Geodesy Center.- Optical Pumping of Rubidium Vapor with Laser-Diodes: Application to Coherent Optical Communications.- Improvements in Short- and Long-Term Frequency Stabilities of Diode Laser Pumped Rubidium Atomic Clock.- Efficient Frequency Noise Reduction of GaA1As Laser Diodes by Negative Electronic Feedback.- Some Applications of Extended-Cavity Semiconductor Lasers.- Ultra-Narrow Linewidth of Optically Self-Locked Diode Lasers.- Manipulation of Metastable Helium with a LNA Laser.- Quantitative Study of Laser Cooling in a Penning Trap.- Laser Cooling and Resonant Transport of MG+ Ions in a Penning Trap.- Trapped Yb+ as a Potential Optical Frequency Standard.- Kinetic Energy and Spatial Distribution of Ion Clouds in Paul Traps.- Tuning Characteristic of 543 nm Internal Mirror He-Ne Laser for Frequency Stabilization.- Double-Mode CO2 Laser with Complex Resonator for Frequency Standards and Superhigh Resolution Spectroscopy.- Laser Frequency Measurement at NPL.- Saturation Spectroscopy with the NH3 Laser.- OsO4 Molecular Beam for High Accuracy Frequency Standard.- He-Ne Laser at 612 nm Stabilized to 127I2 Using FM Spectroscopy.- Frequency Stabilization of a 543. 5 nm Wavelength He-Ne Laser to an Iodine Absorption Line.- Measurement of Isotope Shift in Optical Transitions of Atomic Oxygen.- Selective Electron Attachment of SF6 Molecules in Collision with Xe(nf) Rydberg Atoms in a R. F. Quadrupole Trap and Correlative Effects on SF6? Ions Lifetime.- Closing Remarks.- List of Participants.- Index of Contributors.