Rhythms in Plants

Part 1 Physiological Implications of Oscillatory Processes in Plants 1 Rhythmic Leaf Movements: Physiological and Molecular Aspects Nava Moran Abstract 1.1 Introduction 1.1.1 Historical Perspective 1.1.2 The Types of Leaf Movements 1.2 The Mechanism of Leaf Movement: the Osmotic Motor 1.2.1 Volume Changes 1.2.2 The Ionic Basis for the Osmotic Motor 1.2.3 Plasma Membrane Transporters 1.2.4 Tonoplast Transporters 1.3 Mechanisms of Regulation 1.3.1 Regulation by Protein Modification - Phosphorylation 1.3.2 The Perception of Light 1.3.3 Intermediate Steps 1.3.4 Regulation by Other Effectors 1.4 Unanswered Questions 1.4.1 Acute, Fast Signalling 1.4.2 The Clock Input and Output References 2 The Pollen Tube Oscillator: Integrating Biophysics and Biochemistry into Cellular Growth and Morphogenesis Nuno Moreno, Renato Colaço and José A. Feijó Abstract 2.1 Finding Stability in Instability 2.2 Why Pollen Tubes? 2.3 Growth Oscillations: Trembling with Anticipation? 2.4 Under Pressure 2.5 Another Brick in the Cell Wall 2.6 Cytosolic Approaches to Oscillations: the Ions Within 2.7 On the Outside: Ions and Fluxes 2.8 Actin Cytoskeleton: Pushing it to the Limit 2.9 Membrane Trafficking and Signalling on the Road 2.10 Conclusions References 3 Ultradian Growth Oscillations in Organs: Physiological Signal or Noise? Tobias L. Baskin Abstract 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Oscillations as Window into Growth 3.1.2 Growth Versus Movement 3.2 Circumnutation: Growing Around in Circles? 3.3 In Search of Ultradian Growth Oscillations 3.4 The Power of Bending in Plants 3.5 Conclusion andPerspectives References 4 Nutation in Plants Sergio Mugnai, Elisa Azzarello, Elisa Masi, Camilla Pandolfi and Stefano Mancuso Abstract 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Theories and Models for Circumnutation 4.2.1 'Internal Oscillator' Model 4.2.2 'Gravitropic Overshoot' Model 4.2.3 The 'Mediating' Model 4.3 Root Circumnutation References Part 2 Stomata Oscillations 5 Oscillations in Plant Transpiration Anders Johnsson Abstract 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Models for Rhythmic Water Transpiration 5.2.1 Overall Description - 'Lumped' Model 5.2.2 Overall Description - 'Composed' Models 5.2.3 Self-Sustained Guard Cell Oscillations - (Ca2+)cyt Oscillations 5.2.4 Water Channels 5.2.5 Comments on Modelling Transpiration Rhythms 5.3 Basic Experimental Methods Used 5.4 Experimental Findings on Transpiration Oscillations 5.4.1 Occurrence of Transpiration Rhythms: Period of Rhythms 5.4.2 Some Environmental Parameters Influencing Oscillations 5.4.3 Singularities of Transpiration Rhythms: Test of Models 5.5 Ionic Interference with Transpiration Oscillations 5.6 Patchy Water Transpiration from Leaf Surface 5.7 Period Doubling and Bifurcations in Transpiration - a Way to Chaos? 5.8 Conclusions References 6 Membrane Transport and Ca2+ Oscillations in Guard Cells Michael R. Blatt, Carlos Garcia-Mata and Sergei Sokolovski Abstract 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Oscillations and the Membrane Platform 6.3 Elements of Guard Cell Ion Transport 6.4 Ca2+ and Voltage 6.4.1 The Ca2+ Theme 6.4.2 [Ca2+]i Oscillations 6.4.3 Voltage Oscillations 6.4.4 Membrane Voltage and the '[Ca2+]i Cassette' 6.5 Concluding