Architectural Theory

Volume 1: Architectural Theory until 1700

Part 1: The Beginnings

1. Jean Clottes, Interpretations of Palaeolithic Art over the Last Century, from Cave Art (2010, first published 2008, London: Phaidon Press)

2. David Lewis-Williams and David Pearce, "Cosmology and Architecture at Catalhoeyuek," from Inside the Neolithic Mind (2009, first published 2005, London: Thames & Hudson)

3. Joseph Rykwert, "Holy Mountains," in Tony Atkin & Joseph Rykwert, Structure and Meaning in Human Settlement (2005 Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology)

4. David O'Connor, "Cosmological Structures of Ancient Egyptian City Planning," in Tony Atkin & Joseph Rykwert, Structure and Meaning in Human Settlement (2005 Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology)

5. Richard Ingersoll & Sprio Kostof, "The Indus Valley: City without Monuments," in World Architecture: A Cross-Cultural History (2012 New York: Oxford Univ. Press)

6. Sun Dazhang, "Ritual Architecture and Confucianism," from Ritual and Ceremonious Buildings: Ancient Chinese Architecture (2002 Vienna: Springer Verlag)

Part 2: Classical Culture

7. Alan Balfour, "The Temple of Solomon," from Solomon's Temple: Myth, Conflict, and Faith (2012 Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell)

8. David Watkin, From "The Bronze Age Heritage," A History of Western Architecture (1986 London: Thames & Hudson)

9. Christopher Tadgell, "Introduction: Hellas and Hellenic Society," from Antiquity: Origins, Classicism and the New Rome (2007: Routledge)

10. Vincent J. Bruno, "The Parthenon and the Theory of Classical Form," from The Parthenon (1974 New York: W. W. Norton & Co)

11. A. W. Lawrence, "Niceties of Doric Design," from Greek Architecture (1983, first published 1957, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books)

12. Alexander Tzonis, "Catharsis, Critique, Creation," from Classical Greek Architecture: The Construction of the Modern (2004: Paris: Flammarion)

Part 3: Roman Architecture

13. Christopher Tadgell, "Etruscan Legacy," from Antiquity: Origins, Classicism and the New Rome (2007 Routledge)

14. Mark Wilson Jones, from "Vitruvius and Theory," in Principles of Roman Architecture (2003 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press)

15. Vitruvius, "Book One," from The Ten Books of Architecture (1914 Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press)

16. John B. Ward-Perkins, from "Rome: The New Concrete Architecture," in Roman Architecture (1977 New York: Harry N. Abrams)

Part 4: Byzantine and Islamic Architecture

17. Christopher Tadgell, "Hagia Sophia," in Antiquity: Origins, Classicism and the New Rome (2007 Routledge)

18. Peter Brown, from "Muhammad and the Rise of Islam, 610-632," The World of Late-Antiquity (1978, original edition 1971 London: Thames & Hudson)

19. Ernst J. Grube, "Introduction: What is Islamic Architecture?" from Architecture of the Islamic World: Its History and Social Meaning (1995 London: Thames & Hudson reprint edition)

20. Jamal ad-Din Ahmad, "On Building the Dome of the Rock and Activities Therein ca. 1351 C.E.)," in Oleg Grabar, The Dome of the Rock (1996 New York: Rizzoli)

21. Washington Irving, from "The Hall of Ambassadors," in Treasures of the Alhambra: Tales by Washington Irving (1979 2nd edition, New York: Crescent Books)

Part 5: Romanesque and Gothic Architecture

22. Henri Focillon, "The Romanesque Church," from The Art of the West: I Romanesque (1980 originally published 1963, Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Press)

23. Otto van Simson, "Introduction" to The Gothic Cathedral: Origins of Gothic Architecture and the Medieval Concept of Order (1974, originally published1962, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press)

24. Abbe Suger, from The Consecration of the Church of Saint Denis (1144) (1979 2nd ed, Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press)

25. Erwin Panofsky, from Gothic Architecture and Scholasticism ((1976 New York: New American Library, originally published 1971)

26. Paul Frankl, "The Root of the Gothic Style," from Gothic Architecture (1962 Baltimore: Penguin Books)

27. William Durandus, from "Of a Church and its Parts," The Symbolism of Churches and Church Ornaments (1286) (1843 London: T. W. Green)

Part 6: Asian Renaissance

28. Christopher Tadgell, "The Forbidden City," in The East: Buddhists, Hindus and the Sons of Heaven (2007 Routledge)

29. William Howard Adams, "The Tea Garden," from Nature Perfected: Gardens through History (1991 New York: Abbeville Press)

30. Mira Locher, "Basic Principles," from Traditional Japanese Architecture: An Exploration of Elements and Forms (2010 Tokyo: Tuttle Publishing)

31. Arata Isozaki, "Floors and internal spaces in Japanese vernacular architecture: Phenomenology of floors" (1986 Res 11 Spring 1986, published by Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University)

32. Percy Brown, "The Taj Mahall," from Indian Architecture (Islamic Period) (4th edition 1964, first edition 1956, Bombay: D. B. Taraporevale Sons & Co)

Part 7: Renaissance in Italy

33. Peter Murray, "Introduction" to The Architecture of the Italian Renaissance (n.d. original Italian copyright 1971, New York: Harry N. Abrams)

34. Alina A Payne, from "Alberti," The Architectural Treatise in the Italian Renaissance: Architectural Invention, Ornament, and Literary Culture (1999 New York: Cambridge Univ. Press)

35. Leon Battista Alberti, Book 9:5, from On the Art of Building in Ten Books (1443-1452) 1988 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

36. Sebastiano Serlio, 'Preface to Book IV', On the Five Styles of Building (1537-50) (1996 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press)

37. Cammy Brothers, "Architecture as Subject," from Michelangelo, Drawing, and the Invention of Architecture (2008 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press)

38. Rudolf Wittkower, from "Principles of Palladio's Architecture," Architectural Principles in the Age of Humanism (1973 London: Academy Editions, 1973)

39. Andrea Palladio, Book 1:1, from The Four Books of Architecture (1570) (1965 New York: Dover)

Part 8: The Diffusion of the Humanist Ideal

40. David Watkin, "France under Francois I," in A History of Western Architecture (1986 New York: Thames & Hudson)

41. John Summerson, from "Inigo Jones and His Times (1610-60)," Architecture in Britain: 1530-1830 (1977, 1st published in 1953 Harmondsworth: Penguin)

42. Robin Middleton, "Sir Henry Wotton," in The Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection: British Books (1998 Washington D.C.: National Gallery of Art)

43. Henry Wotton, from The Elements of Architecture (1624) (1624 Digitalized by Google)

44. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from "The Architectural Culture of Northern Europe, 1500-1800", The Mark J. Millard Architectural Collection: Northern European Books: Sixteenth to Early Nineteenth Centuries (1998 Washington D. C.: National Gallery of Art)

Part 9: Baroque and Rococo

45. Christian Norberg-Schulz, from "The Baroque Age," in Baroque Architecture (n.d. Copyright in Italy in 1971, New York: Harry N. Abrams)

46. Rudolf Wittkower, "S. Carlo alle Quattro Fontane," in Art and Architecture in Italy 1600-1750 (1978, first published in 1958, Harmondsworth: Penguin)

47. David Watkin, "Versailles and Rococo," from A History of Western Architecture (1986 New York: Thames & Hudson)

48. Christian Otto, from Space into Light: The Churches of Balthasar Neumann (1979 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

49. Harry Francis Mallgrave, "The Legacy of Jones and Wren," Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673-1968 (2005 New York: Cambridge University Press)

50. Christopher Wren, "Tract I," from Lydia M. Soo, Wren's "Tracts" on Architecture and Other Writings (1998 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)

Part 10: Quarrel of Ancients and Moderns

51. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from "Prelude," from Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey,1673-1968 (New York: Cambridge University Press)

52. Fran?ois Blondel, "Inaugural Lecture to the Academy of Architecture" (1671) (2006 Malden, MA: Blackwell)

53. Claude Perrault, from the "Preface," The Ordonnance of the Five Kinds of Columns (1683) (1993 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

54. Wolfgang Herrmann, from "Francois Blondel's Criticism," The Theory of Claude Perrault (1973 London: A. Zwemmer)

Volume Two: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Theory

Part 1: Palladianism

55. AT-2.1.1 Rudolf Wittkower, "Classical Theory and Eighteenth-Century Sensibility," in Palladio and English Palladianism (First paperback edition 1983, London: Thames & Hudson)

56. David Watkin, "Lord Burlington and William Kent," in A History of Western Architecture (No copyright, 1986 New York: Thames & Hudson)

57. Anthony, Earl of Shaftesbury "A Letter Concerning Design" (1712) (1969 New York: Greenwood Press)

58. Nicholas Du Bois, Translator's Preface to The Architecture of A. Palladio (1715) [4]

Part 2: Graeco-Roman Debate

59. Marc-Antoine Laugier, from "General Principles of Architecture," in Essay on Architecture (1753) (1977 Los Angeles: Hennessey & Ingalls)

60. Wolfgang Herrmann, "The Theoretical Foundation," from Laugier and Eighteenth Century French Theory (1985, first edition 1962, London: A. Zwemmer)

61. David LeRoy, from The Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece (1758) (2004 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

62. J. J. Winckelmann, from History of the Art of Antiquity (1764) (2006 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

63. Giovanni Battista Piranesi, from Opinions on Architecture (1765) (2002 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

Part 3: Architecture parlante

64. Germain Boffrand, "Principles of Architecture derived from Horace's Art of Poetry," from Book of Architecture (1745) (2002 Burlington, VT: Ashgate)

65. David Le Roy, from "Essay on the Theory of Architecture, The Ruins of the Most Beautiful Monuments of Greece (1770)" (2004 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

66. Nicolas Le Camus de Mezieres, "Introduction," to The Genius of Architecture; or, The Analogy of That Art with Our Sensations (1782) (1992 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

67. Etienne-Louis Boullee, "Character," in Essay on Art (1793-99) (1976 London: Academy Editions)

Part 4: Picturesque Theory in Great Britain

68. John Vanbrugh, "Letter to the Duchess of Marlborough" (1709) (No copyright, 1967 New York: AMS Press)

69. Joseph Addison, "Thursday, June 26, 1712," The Spectator (No copyright, London Everyman's Library)

70. Edmund Burke, from "Of the Passion Caused by the Sublime," A Philosophical Inquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful (1757) (1821 London)

71. William Gilpin, from "On Picturesque Beauty," in Three Essays (1792) (1808 London)

72. Uvedale Price, from An Essay on the Picturesque as Connected as Compared with the Sublime and the Beautiful (1794) (1794 London)

73. Richard Payne Knight, An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste (1805) (1808 London)

Part 5: Post-Revolutionary Theory in France

74. J.-N.-L. Durand, from Precis of the Lectures on Architecture (1802) (2000 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

75. Antoine Picon, "The Foundations of Theory: From Imitation of Nature to Utility," in Introduction to Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, Precis of the Lectures on Architecture (2000 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

76. Samir Younes, from "Introduction" to The True, The Fictive, and the Real: The Historical Dictionary of Quatremere de Quincy (1999 London: Andreas Papadakis Publisher)

77. Victor Hugo, from "This Will Kill That," The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831)

78. Barry Bergdoll, "The Bibliotheque Sainte-Genevieve," in European Architecture 1750-1890 (2000 Oxford: Oxford University Press)

Part 6: "Battle of the Styles" in Great Britain

79. Thomas Hope, from Observations on the Plans and Elevations Designed by James Wyatt (1803) (1804 London)

80. Thomas Rickman, from "English Architecture," An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture (1817) (Digital Google)

81. Augustus Welby Pugin, "Of the Feeling Which Produced the Great Edifices of the Middle Ages," in Contrasts: or, A Parallel between the Noble Edifices of the Middle Ages, and Similar Buildings of the Present Day (1836) (1973 Leicester University Press)

82. Augustus Welby Pugin, from "Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture," The True Principles of Pointed Architecture (1841) (1973 London: Academy Editions)

83. Robert Kerr, "The Battle of the Styles" (1860) (1860 The Builder, Volume 18)

Part 7: The German Style Debate

84. Friedrich Gilly, from "Some Thoughts on the Necessity of Endeavoring to Unify the Various Departments of Architecture" (1799) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

85. Alex Potts, "Schinkel's Architectural Theory," in Michael Snodin (ed.), Karl Friedrich Schinkel: A Universal Man (1991 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press)

86. Karl Friedrich Schinkel, "Notes for a Textbook on Architecture" (c.1835) (my translation)

87. Heinrich Huebsch, from In What Style Should We Build? (1828) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

88. Carl Boetticher, from "The Principles of the Hellenic and German Ways of Building" (1846) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

89. Gottfried Semper, from "The Four Elements," in The Four Elements of Architecture (1851) (1989 New York: Cambridge University Press)

Part 8: American Theory

90. Talbot Hamlin, from "The Birth of American Architecture," in Greek Revival Architecture in America (1964 New York: Dover Publications, orig. Oxford University Press in 1944)

91. Benjamin Latrobe, "Letter to Thomas Jefferson" (1807) (Digital Google)

92. Ralph Waldo Emerson, "Thought on Art" (1841) (American Transcendentalism Web)

93. Andrew Jackson Downing, from Cottage Residences (1842) (1981 New York: Dover Publications)

94. Horatio Greenough, from "American Architecture" (1843) (1947 Berkeley: University of California Press)

Part 9: Three European Directions at Mid-Century

95. John Ruskin, from "The Lamp of Sacrifice," Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849)

96. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from "The British Style Debate 1840-1860," Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673-1968 (New York: Cambridge University Press)

97. John Ruskin, from "The Nature of Gothic," The Stones of Venice (1853) (Digital Google 1860 edition)

98. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from "Viollet-le-Duc and the Debate in France," in Modern Architectural Theory: A Historical Survey, 1673-1968 (New York: Cambridge University Press)

99. Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, from "Lecture VI," Lectures on Architecture (1859) (1987 New York: Dover)

100. Gottfried Semper, from "Prolegomena" to Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; or, Practical Aesthetics (1860-63) (2004 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

101. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from "The Masking of Reality in the Arts," from Gottfried Semper: Architect of the Nineteenth Century (1996 New Haven: Yale Univ. Press)

102. Gottfried Semper, from "The Oldest Formal Principle in Architecture Independent of Construction and Based on the Concept of Space: the Masking of Reality in the Arts" in Style in the Technical and Tectonic Arts; or, Practical Aesthetics (1860-63) (2004 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

Part 10: The Arts and Crafts Movement

103. Owen Jones, "General Principles in the Arrangement of Form and Colour, in Architecture and the Decorative Arts, which are Advocated throughout this Work," from Grammar of Ornament (1856) (1982 New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company)

104. William Morris, "Prospectus for Morris, Marshall, Faulkner and Company" (1861) (2006 Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing)

105. Christopher Dresser, from The Art of Decorative Design (1862) (1977 Watkins Glen, NY: The American Life Foundation)

106. William Morris, "The Revival of Architecture" (1888) (Marxist.org online)

107. Walter Crane, "The Architecture of Art," in The Claims of Decorative Art (1892) (1892 London: Lawrence and Bullen)

108. Charles Robert Ashbee, "A few Definitions Towards an Ideal," in A Few Chapters in Workship Re-Construction and Citizenship (1894) (Digital Google)

Part 11: Toward a Psychology of Architecture

109. Robert Vischer, "Feeling and Emotion," from On the Optical Nature of Form (1873) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

110. Heinrich Woelfflin, from Prolegomena to a Psychology of Architecture (1886) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

111. August Schmarsow, from "The Essence of Architectural Creation" (1893) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

112. Wilhelm Worringer, from Abstraction and Empathy (1905)1967 New York: International Universities Press, first published in US 1953)

113. Geoffrey Scott, "Humanist Values," from The Architecture of Humanism (1914) (1974: New York: W. W. Norton & Co)

Volume Three: Modern Theory before 1965

Part: 1. Early American Modernism

114. Leopold Eidlitz, "Definition of Architecture," from The Nature and Function of Art: More especially of Architecture (1881) (London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle)

115. Louis Sullivan, "Ornament in Architecture" (1892) (1988 Chicago: University of Chicago)

116. Louis Sullivan, "The Tall Office Building Artistically Considered" (1895) (1922 Western Architect)

117. Richard A. Etlin, "Louis Sullivan: The Life-Enhancing Symbiosis of Music, Language, Architecture, and Ornament," (2000 Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers)

118. Frank Lloyd Wright, "The Art and Craft of the Machine," (1901) (1992 New York: Rizzoli)

119. Frank Lloyd Wright, from "In the Cause of Architecture" (1908) (1992 New York: Rizzoli)

Part 2: Soundings in Vienna

120. Harry Francis Mallgrave, from the "Introduction" to Otto Wagner's Modern Architecture: A Guidebook for His Students to this Field of Art (1988 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

121. Otto Wagner, "Style," from Modern Architecture (1896) (1988 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

122. Richard Streiter, "Architectural Realism," from Contemporary Architectural Questions: A Collection and Examination of Various Views, especially with Regard to Professor Otto Wagner's Modern Architecture (1898) (my translation with Markus Breitschmid)

123. Adolf Loos, "Architecture" (1910) (my translation)

124. Harry Francis Mallgrave, "Adolf Loos and the Ornament of Sentiment"

Part 3: German Modernism at the Turn of the Century

125. Stanford Anderson, from "Introduction" to Hermann Muthesius, Style-Architecture and the Building-Art (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

126. Hermann Muthesius, from Style-Architecture and the Building Art (1902) (1994 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

127. Joan Campbell, from "The Founding of the Werkbund," in The German Werkbund: The Politics of Reform in the Applied Arts (1978 Princeton: Princeton University Press)

128. Peter Behrens, from "Art and Technology" (1910), in Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG, 1907-1914 (1984 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

129. Hermann Muthesius, Henry van de Velde, el al, "Theses and Counter-Theses," presented at the Cologne Werkbund Congress (1914) (1997, 1st MIT Printing 1970, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)

130. Frederic J. Schwartz, "Cologne 1914 and the Response of the Individualists," in The Werkbund: design Theory and Mass Culture before the First World War (1996 New Haven: Yale University Press)

Part 4: The Rise of the Avant-Garde

131. Antonio Sant' Elia, "Manifesto of Futurist Architecture," in Antonio Sant' Elia: The Complete Works (1914) (1987 New York: Rizzoli)

132. Tony Garnier, Preface to Tony Garnier: The Cite Industrielle (1917) (1969 New York George Braziller)

133. Jean-Louis Cohen, "Architecture and Revolution in Russia," in The Future of Architecture since 1989 (2012 London: Phaidon)

134. Viktor Shklovski, "The Monument to the Third International," in Tatlin (1918) (1988 New York: Rizzoli)

135. Moisei Ginzburg, "Construction and Form in Architecture. Constructivism," in Moisei Ginzburg, Style and Epoch (1924) (1982: Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

136. El Lissitzky, "Ideological Superstructure," in Russia: An Architecture for World Revolution (1929) (1970 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

Part 5. Modernism in Holland and France

137. Hendrik Berlage, from Hendrik Petrus Berlage: Thoughts on Style (1905) (1996 Santa Monica: Getty Publications)

138. Michael White, Introduction to De Stijl and Dutch Modernism (2003 Manchester NH: Manchester Univ. Press)

139. Theo van Doesburg et al, "Manifesto 1" (1918), in Programs and manifestoes on 20th-century architecture (1977 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

140. J. J. P. Oud, "On Future Architecture and Its Architectural Possibilities" (1921) (1923 London: The Studio)

141. Theo van Doesburg, "Towards Plastic Architecture," (1924), in Joost Baljeu, Theo van Doesburg (1974 New York Macmillan Publishing Co)

142. Le Corbusier, "Architecture or Revolution," from Le Corbusier: Toward an Architecture (1923) (2007 Los Angeles: Getty Publications)

143. Mary McLeod, "'Architecture or Revolution': Taylorism, Technocracy, and Social Change," in Art Journal, vol. 43, #2

144. Le Corbusier, "Five Points for a New Architecture" (1927), in Programs and manifestoes on 20th-century architecture (1977 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

Part 6. The Bauhaus

145. Hans Winkler, from "Origins and the History of the Bauhaus," in Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago (1986, 1st MIT Press paperback edition 1978, Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

146. Walter Gropius, "Program of the Staatliches Bauhaus in Weimar" (1919), in Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago (1986, 1st MIT Press paperback edition 1978, Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

147. Rainer K. Wick, from "Johannes Itten (1888-1067)," in Teaching at the Bauhaus (2000 Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz Publishers)

148. Walter Passarge, "The Bauhaus Exhibition in Weimar" (1923), in Hans M. Wingler, The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago (1986, 1st MIT Press paperback edition 1978, Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

149. Walter Gropius, from International Architecture (1925) in Architectural Theory: An Anthology from 1871-2005 (Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing)

150. Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, "The Experience of Architecture," from The New Vision (1929), in The New Vision: Fundamentals of Bauhaus Design, Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture (2005 Mineola NY: Dover Publications)

Part 7. American Modernism in the 1920s

151. Carol Willis, "Zoning and 'Zeitgeist': The Skyscraper City in the 1920s," in Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, XLV, March 1986

152. Louis Mumford, "The Search for 'Something More'" (1928), in Lewis Mumford: Architecture as a Home for Man (1975 New York: Architectural Record Books)

153. Hugh Ferris, from The Metropolis of the Future (1929) (2005 Mineola NY: Dover Publications)

154. Eugene Clute, "The Chrysler Building, New York" (1930), in The Architectural Forum, vol. LIII, October 1930

155. R. Buckminster Fuller, from "Dymaxion House: Meeting Architectural League of New York" (1929) (1999 Zurich: Lars Mueller Publishers)

Part 8. CIAM and the International Style

156. Eric Mumford, "Modern Architects' Congress, 1928," in The CIAM Discourse on Urbanism, 1928-1960 (2000 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

157. CIAM, "The Declaration of Lar Sarraz" (1928), in Architectural Theory: An Anthology from 1871-2005 (Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing)

158. Walter Gropius, from "The Sociological Foundations of the Minimum Dwelling," in Scope of total Architecture (1929) (1962 New York: Collier Books)

159. Henry Russell Hitchcock & Philip Johnson, "Introduction: The Idea of Style", from The International Style (1932) (1966 New York: The Norton Library)

160. Sigfried Giedion, "The New Space Conception: Space-Time," from Space, Time & Architecture (1941) (1949 Cambridge MA: Harvard Univ. Press)

161. CIAM, The Athens Charter (1943), trans. by Jaqueline Tyrwhitt (1943). Original French document 1933.

Part 9: Modern is Regional

162. Frank Lloyd Wright, from "Description of the Jacobs House," from Special Issue of The Architectural Forum (January 1938) (1993 New York: Rizzoli)

163. Katherine Morrow Ford, "Modern is Regional," from journal House & Garden (March 1941)

164. John D. Entenza, "The Case Study House Program" (from journal Arts & Architecture, January 1945)

165. Lewis Mumford, "Status Quo" (1947) (2007 New York: Princeton Architectural Press)

166. Alfred H. Barr Jr. "What is Happening to Modern Architecture?" in Museum of Modern Art Bulletin 15 (Spring 1948)

167. Harwell Hamilton Harris, "Regionalism and Nationalism" (1954) in Harwell Hamilton Harris: A Collection of his Writings and Buildings (1965 Raleigh: Student Publication of the School of Design)

Part 10: Masters of Modernism

168. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, "1922: Two Glass Skyscrapers" (1922), in Philip C. Johnson, Mies van der Rohe (1947 New York: The Museum of Modern Art)

169. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, "Inaugural Address as Director of Architecture at Armour Institute of Technology" (1938), in Philip C. Johnson, Mies van der Rohe (1947 New York: The Museum of Modern Art)

170. Alvar Aalto, "Rationalism and Man" (1935), in Goeran Schilt (ed.) Alvar Aalto in his own Words (1998 New York: Rizzoli)

171. Juhani Pallasmaa, from "Alvar Aalto: Toward a Synthetic Functionalism," in Peter Reed (ed.) Alvar Aalto: Between Humanism and Materialism (1998 New York: Museum of Modern Art)

172. Richard Neutra, from Survival Through Design (1954) (1954 New York: Oxford Univ. Press)

173. Barbara Lamprecht, "Biorealism: Bodily Substrate of the Mental Life" (original essay)

174. Louis I. Kahn, Architecture: Silence and Light" (1969), in Robert McCarter, Louis I Kahn (2009 London: Phaidon Press)

Part 11: Gathering Storms

175. Sigfried Giedion, "Reaffirmation of the Aims of CIAM: Bridgewater 1947" (from Sigfried Giedion, A Decade of New Architecture (1951 Zurich: Editions Girsberger)

176. Bruno Zevi, "A Message to the International Congress of Modern Architecture" (1949), from Andrea Oppenheimer Dean, Bruno Zevi on Modern Architecture (1983 New York: Rizzoli)

177. Ernesto Nathan Rogers, 1st Editorial to Casabella-Continuita (1954), in Architectural Theory: An Anthology from 1871-2005 (Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing)

178. Reyner Banham, "The New Brutalism" (1955), in Reyner Banham, A Critic Writes: Essays by Reyner Banham (1999 Berkeley: University of California Press)

179. Aldo van Eyck, "Is Architecture Going to Reconcile Basic Values?" (1959), in Oscar Newman (ed.) New Frontiers in Architecture: CIAM '59 in Otterlo (1961 New York: Universe Books)

Part 12: The Breakdown of Monolithic Modernism

180. Reyner Banham, from Theory and Design in the First Machine Age (1960) (1978 New York: Praeger Publishers, 2nd edition, first edition 1960)

181. Kiyonori Kikutake et al, "Metabolism: The Proposals for New Urbanism" (1960 Tokyo: Yasuko Kawazoe)

182. Joseph Rykwert, "Meaning and Building" (1960), in Rykwert, The Necessity of Artifice (1982 New York: Rizzoli)

183. R. Buckminster Fuller, "Proposal to the International Union of Architects" (1964), in Joachim Krausse (ed.) Your Private Sky: Discourse R. Buckminster Fuller (2001 Zurich: Lars Mueller Publishers)

184. Constantinos Doxiadis et al, "The Declaration of Delos" (1963), in from Ekistics: Reviews on the Problems of Science of Human Settlements 16:93 (August 1963)

185. Kenneth E. Boulding, "Earth as a Space Ship" (1965), Kenneth E. Boulding Papers, Archives (Box 38) University of Colorado at Boulder Libraries

186. Ian McHarg, from Design with Nature (1969) (1971, orig. edition 1969, Garden City NY: Doubleday & Companies)

Volume Four: Modern Theory after 1965

Part 1: Postmodernism

187. Harry Francis Mallgrave and David Goodman, "Pars Destruens 1968-1973," in An Introduction to Architectural Theory: 1968 to the Present (2011 Chichester: Wiley Blackwell)

188. Robert Venturi, from Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture (1966 New York: Museum of Modern Art)

189. Aldo Rossi, from The Architecture of the City (1966 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

190. George Baird, "Paradox in Regents Park: A Question of Interpretation" (1966, in Arena: The Architectural Association Journal, vol. 81, #901)

191. Charles Moore, "Plug it in Rameses, and See if It Lights up" (1967, in Perspecta, vol. 11, published by MIT Press)

192. Denise Scott Brown, "Learning from Pop" (1971, Casabella, #359-60, December)

Part 2: Criticality and the Avant-Garde

193. Colin Rowe, "Introduction" to Five Architects (1972) (1975 New York: Oxford Univ. Press)

194. Massimo Scolari, "The New Architecture and the Avant-Garde" (1973) (1998, in K. Michael Hays, Architecture Theory since 1968, trans. Stephen Sartarelli, New York: Columbia University)

195. Joseph Rykwert, "15a Triennale" (1974) (republished in Joseph Rykwert, The Necessity of Artifice, 1982 New York: Rizzoli)

196. Peter Eisenman, Kenneth Frampton, and Mario Gandelsonas, inaugural "Editorial" to journal Oppositions 1 (September 1973)

197, Peter Eisenman, "Post-Functionalism," Oppositions 6 (Fall 1976)

198. Manfredo Tafuri, "Introduction" to Theories and History of Architecture (1976 New York: Harper & Row)

Part 3: Gray and White

199. Robert A. M. Stern, "Stompin' at the Savoye, in "Five on Five" (journal Architectural Forum 183:4, May 1973)

200. Arthur Drexler, "Preface" to The Architecture of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts (1975 New York: The Museum of Modern Art)

201. Charles Jencks, "The Los Angeles Silvers" (Architecture and Urbanism: A + U, vol. 5, #70, October 1976),

202. Charles Jencks, from The Language of Post-Modern Architecture (1977 New York: Rizzoli)

203. Rem Koolhaas, "Introduction" to Delirious New York (1977 New York: The Monacelli Press)

204. Michael Graves, "A Case for Figurative Architecture" (in Michael Graves: Buildings and Projects 1966-1981, New York: Rizzoli, 1982)

Part 4: Critiques of Postmodernism

205. Christian Norberg-Schulz, from "The Concept of Space," in Existence, Space & Architecture (1971 New York: Praeger Publishers)

206. Kenneth Frampton, "On Reading Heidegger" (in Oppositions 4, October 1974)

207. Christopher Alexander, "The Timeless Way," in The Timeless Way of Building (1977 New York: Oxford Univ. Press)

208. Kent C. Bloomer and Charles W. Moore, "Beyond the Body Boundary," from Body, Memory and Architecture (1977 New Haven: Yale University Press)

209. Alberto Perez-Gomez, from "Introduction" to Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science (1983 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)

210. Marco Frascari, "The Tell-Tale Detail" (from VIA7: The Building of Architecture, 1984)

Part 5: Post-Metabolism

211. Kisho Kurokawa, "Capsule Declaration" (1969, in Kisho Kurokawa, Metabolism in Architecture, Boulder: Westview Press, 1977)

212. Fumihiko Maki, "At the Beginning of the Last Quarter of the Century: Reflections of a Japanese Architect" (in the journal Japanese Architecture, April 1975)

213. Arata Isozaki, "From Manner, to Rhetoric, to . . .," (in the journal Japanese Architecture, April 1976)

214. Kisho Kurokawa, "The Architecture of Symbiosis" (1986) (1988, in Kisho Kurokawa: The Architecture of Symbiosis, New York: Rizzoli)

Part 6: Critical Regionalism

215. Kenneth Frampton, "Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance" (1983) (in Hal Foster ed., The Anti-Aesthetic: Essays on Postmodern Culture (Port Townsend WA: Bay Press)

216. Juhani Pallasmaa, "Tradition & Modernity: The Feasibility of Regional Architecture in Post-Modern Society" (in the journal The Architectural Review, May 1988)

Part 7: Poststructuralism and Deconstruction

217. Bernard Tschumi, "The Pleasure of Architecture" (in the journal Architectural Design 47, #3, 1977)

218. Daniel Libeskind, "Symbol and Interpretation" in Daniel Libeskind: Between Zero and Infinity (1981 New York: Rizzoli)

219. K. Michael Hays, "Critical Architecture: Between Culture and Form" (1984) (in the journal Perspecta, vol. 21, 1984, published by MIT Press)

220. Mark Wigley, "Preface" to Deconstructivist Architecture (1988 New York: The Museum of Modern Art)

Part 8: Classicism and Tradition

221. Antony Vidler, "The Third Typology," in Oppositions 7 (January 1976)

222. Leon Krier and Maurice Culot, "The Only Path to Architecture," in Oppositions 14, Fall 1978)

223. Rob Krier, "10 Theses on Architecture," in Rob Krier, On Architecture (1982 London: Academy Editions)

224. Josef-Paul Kleihues, from "1984: The Berlin Exhibition, Architectural Dream or Reality?" (in the journal Architectural Association Quarterly 13:2/3, January-June 1982)

225. Demetri Porphyrios, "Classicism is Not a Style" (in the journal Architectural Design 52:5/6, 1982)

226. Charles, Prince of Wales, "The Ten Commandments for Architecture" (in the journal Architectural Design, 59:11-12, 1989)

Part 9: The Greening of Architecture

227. Roger S. Ulrich, "View through a Window May Influence Recovery from Surgery" (in the journal Science, 224:420, 1984)

228. Philip Landon, "A Good Place to Live" (in journal The Atlantic, May 1988)

229. William McDonough and Michael Braungart, "The Hannover Principles" (1992), in William McDonough & Michael Braungart, The Hannover Principles: Design for Sustainability: !0th Anniversary Edition (2003)

230. Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, "The Neighborhood, the District and the Corridor," in Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community (1994 New York: McGraw-Hill)

231. William McDonough and Michael Braungart, "Five Guiding Principles," from Cradle to Cradle (2002 New York: North Point Press)

Part 10: Virtual Geometries

232. Gilles Deleuze and Jonathan Strauss, from "The Fold" (in journal Yale French Studies, #80, 1991)

233. Greg Lynn, Architectural Curvilinearity: The Folded, the Pliant and the Supple," (in journal Architectural Design 102, March/April 1993)

234. Cecil Balmond, "New Structure and the Informal" (in journal Lotus International, #98 September 1998)

235. William Mitchell, from etopia: "URBAN LIFE, JIM-BUT NOT AS WE KNOW IT" (Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1999)

236. Stan Allen, "Field Conditions" (1999), from The Berlage Survey of the Culture, Education, and Practice of Architecture and Urbanism (Amsterdam: Nai Publishers)

Part 11: Post-Critical Theory

237. Kenneth Frampton, "Rappel a l'ordre: The Case for the Tectonic" (in journal Architectural Design 60:3-4 1990)

238. Juhani Pallasmaa, "Architecture of the Seven Senses," in "Questions of Perception: Phenomenology of Architecture," in journal Architecture and Urbanism, A + U, July 1994)

239. Rem Koolhaas and Bruce Mau, "Bigness, or the Problem of Large" (1995 New York: The Monacelli Press)

240. Michael Speaks, "It's Out There . . . the Formal Limits of the American Avant-Garde" (in journal Architectural Design, 68:5-6, May 1998)

Part 12: Millennial Thoughts

241. Kenneth Frampton, "Seven Points for the Millennium: An Untimely Manifesto," in journal The Architectural Review, 206, November 1999

242. Robert Somol and Sarah Whiting, "Notes around the Dopler Effect and Other Moods of Modernism," in Perspecta, #33, 2002, published by MIT Press)

243. Antoine Picon, "Architecture and the Virtual: Towards a New Materiality" (in journal Praxis: Journal of Writing + Building, 6, 2004)

244, Peter Zumthor, from "A Way of looking at things," in Thinking Architecture (Basel: Birkhaeuser, 3rd edition, 2010)

245. Juhani Pallasmaa, "The Existential Task of Architecture," in Peter MacKeith ed. Juhani Pallasmaa: Encounters, Architectural Essays (2010 Helsinki: Rakennustieto Oy)

246. Vittorio Gallese and Alessandro Gattara, "Embodied Simulation, Aesthetics, and Architecture: An Experimental Aesthetic Approach," in Mind in Architecture: Neuroscience, Embodiment, and the Future of Design (2015 Cambridge MA: MIT Press)