Fictions of God
English Renaissance Literature and the Invention of the Biblical Narrator
Published on 19. November 2025
Book
Hardback
264 pages
978-0-226-84221-9 (ISBN)
Description
A new history of literary narration rooted in the turmoil of the Protestant Reformation.
We often identify secularization's characteristic literary form as the modern novel: out with divine scripture, in with human fictions. In Fictions of God, Raphael Magarik argues that this story overlooks the cultural upheavals of the Protestant Reformation. Early reformers imagined a Bible that was neither infallible nor inerrant but fictional, composed by a divine counterfactual: God crafted the text, they said, as if it had been written by the prophets. Early modern Protestants now found in their Bibles not a source of foundational truths but a model for unreliable narration, even fiction.
Fictions of God traces how this approach to literature passed from biblical commentators to poets like Abraham Cowley, John Milton, and Lucy Hutchinson amid the violent emergence of a new religious and political order-long before the eighteenth-century rise of the English novel. The result is a transformative account of the Reformation's effect on imaginative literature and the secularization of the Bible itself.
We often identify secularization's characteristic literary form as the modern novel: out with divine scripture, in with human fictions. In Fictions of God, Raphael Magarik argues that this story overlooks the cultural upheavals of the Protestant Reformation. Early reformers imagined a Bible that was neither infallible nor inerrant but fictional, composed by a divine counterfactual: God crafted the text, they said, as if it had been written by the prophets. Early modern Protestants now found in their Bibles not a source of foundational truths but a model for unreliable narration, even fiction.
Fictions of God traces how this approach to literature passed from biblical commentators to poets like Abraham Cowley, John Milton, and Lucy Hutchinson amid the violent emergence of a new religious and political order-long before the eighteenth-century rise of the English novel. The result is a transformative account of the Reformation's effect on imaginative literature and the secularization of the Bible itself.
Reviews / Votes
"Fictions of God is a bold work of scholarship that reenergizes-and should transform-the study of the Bible and literature. Magarik's prose is as lively as it is learned, and the provocative ambition of his argument, that Protestant commentators invented the biblical narrator, makes this book not only fun to read but essential for anyone interested in religion, secularization, and literary modes of discipline and critique. I learned something on every page and will be grappling with the profound implications of this work for years to come." -- Constance Furey, Indiana University "Writing as both a literary scholar and an intellectual historian, Magarik proposes a compelling revision of how the emergence of secularism in the early modern period is understood. Surprisingly but persuasively, he shows the seeds of secularism in Protestant biblical commentary and then in English poetic treatments of the Bible, as readers of the Bible saw in the text unreliable narrators, irony, and even free indirect discourse. This book offers a fresh perspective on the early modern period." -- Robert Alter, University of California, BerkeleyMore details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
Chicago
United States
Publishing group
The University of Chicago Press
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
2 halftones
Dimensions
Height: 229 mm
Width: 152 mm
Thickness: 23 mm
Weight
481 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-226-84221-9 (9780226842219)
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Schweitzer Classification
Person
Raphael Magarik is assistant professor of English at the University of Illinois Chicago.
Content
Part I. Commentary
1. God Does the Prophets in Different Voices
2. Luther's Free Indirect Revelation
3. Ralegh's Secular Digressions
Part II. Narrative
4. Cowley's "Seeming to Suppose"
5. Milton's "Truth Shall Retire"
6. Hutchinson's "Fictions of God"
7. The Death of the Biblical Narrator
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index
1. God Does the Prophets in Different Voices
2. Luther's Free Indirect Revelation
3. Ralegh's Secular Digressions
Part II. Narrative
4. Cowley's "Seeming to Suppose"
5. Milton's "Truth Shall Retire"
6. Hutchinson's "Fictions of God"
7. The Death of the Biblical Narrator
Acknowledgments
Notes
Index