Philosophy of Language

Contents Preface Acknowledgements Acknowledgements for the Second Edition Chapter 1:Introduction: meaning and reference Overview Meaning and understanding The Referential Theory Summary Questions Notes Further reading PART I:REFERENCE AND REFERRING Chapter 2:Definite descriptions Overview Singular terms Russell's Theory of Descriptions Objections to Russell's theory Donnellan's distinction Anaphora Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 3:Proper names: the Description Theory Overview Frege and the puzzles Russell's Name Claim Opening objections Searle's "Cluster Theory" Kripke's critique Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 4:Proper names: Direct Reference and the Causal-Historical Theory Overview Possible worlds Rigidity and proper names Direct Reference The Causal-Historical Theory Problems for the Causal-Historical Theory Natural-kind terms and "Twin Earth" Summary Questions Notes Further reading PART II:THEORIES OF MEANING Chapter 5:Traditional theories of meaning Overview Ideational theories The Proposition Theory Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 6:"Use" theories Overview "Use" in a roughly Wittgensteinian sense Objections and some replies Inferentialism Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 7:Psychological theories: Grice's program Overview Grice's basic idea Speaker-meaning Sentence meaning Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 8:Verificationism Overview The theory and its motivation Some objections The big one Two Quinean issues Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 9:Truth-Condition Theories: Davidson's program Overview Truth conditions Truth-defining natural languages Objections to the Davidsonian version Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 10:Truth-Condition Theories: possible worlds and intensional semantics Overview Truth conditions reconceived Advantages over Davidson's view Remaining objections Summary Questions Notes Further reading PART III:PRAGMATICS AND SPEECH ACTS Chapter 11:Semantic pragmatics Overview Semantic pragmatics vs. pragmatic pragmatics The problem of deixis The work of semantic pragmatics Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 12:Speech acts and illocutionary force Overview Performatives Illocution, locution, and perlocution Infelicities and constitutive rules Cohen's problem Illocutionary theories of meaning Summary Questions Notes Further reading Chapter 13:Implicative relations Overview Conveyed meanings and invited inferences Conversational implicature "Presupposition" and conventional implicature Relevance Theory Indirect force Summary Questions Notes Further reading PART IV: THE DARK SIDE Chapter 14:Metaphor Overview A philosophical bias The issues, and two simple theories The Figurative Simile Theory The Pragmatic Theory Metaphor as analogical Summary Questions Notes Further reading Glossary Bibliography Index