Next Generation Multiple Access

About the Editors xix List of Contributors xxiii Preface xxxiii Acknowledgments xxxv 1 Next Generation Multiple Access Toward 6G 1 Yuanwei Liu, Liang Liu, Zhiguo Ding, and Xuemin Shen 1.1 The Road to NGMA 1 1.2 Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access 3 1.3 Massive Access 4 1.4 Book Outline 5 Part I Evolution of NOMA Towards NGMA 9 2 Modulation Techniques for NGMA/NOMA 11 Xuan Chen, Qiang Li, and Miaowen Wen 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Space-Domain IM for NGMA 12 2.3 Frequency-Domain IM for NGMA 22 2.4 Code-Domain IM for NGMA 31 2.5 Power-Domain IM for NGMA 35 2.6 Summary 43 3 NOMA Transmission Design with Practical Modulations 47 Tianying Zhong, Yuan Wang, and Jiaheng Wang 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Fundamentals 49 3.3 Effective Throughput Analysis 53 3.4 NOMA Transmission Design 56 3.5 Numerical Results 65 3.6 Conclusion 68 4 Optimal Resource Allocation for NGMA 71 Sepehr Rezvani and Eduard Jorswieck 4.1 Introduction 71 4.2 Single-Cell Single-Carrier NOMA 73 4.3 Single-Cell Multicarrier NOMA 80 4.4 Multi-cell NOMA with Single-Cell Processing 84 4.5 Numerical Results 93 4.6 Conclusions 96 5 Cooperative NOMA 101 Yao Xu, Bo Li, Nan Zhao, Jie Tang, Dusit Niyato, and Kai-Kit Wong 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 System Model for D2MD-CNOMA 102 5.3 Adaptive Aggregate Transmission 103 5.4 Performance Analysis 107 5.5 Numerical Results and Discussion 117 6 Multi-scale-NOMA: An Effective Support to Future Communication-Positioning Integration System 127 Lu Yin, Wenfang Guo, and Tianzhu Song 6.1 Introduction 127 6.2 Positioning in Cellular Networks 128 6.3 MS-NOMA Architecture 130 6.4 Interference Analysis 131 6.5 Resource Allocation 139 6.6 Performance Evaluation 145 7 NOMA-Aware Wireless Content Caching Networks 161 Yaru Fu, Zheng Shi, and Tony Q. S. Quek 7.1 Introduction 161 7.2 System Model 164 7.3 Algorithm Design 169 7.4 Numerical Simulation 173 7.5 Conclusion 178 8 NOMA Empowered Multi-Access Edge Computing and Edge Intelligence 181 Yuan Wu, Yang Li, Liping Qian, and Xuemin Shen 8.1 Introduction 181 8.2 Literature Review 183 8.3 System Model and Formulation 185 8.4 Algorithms for Optimal Offloading 189 8.5 Numerical Results 194 8.6 Conclusion 197 9 Exploiting Non-orthogonal Multiple Access in Integrated Sensing and Communications 205 Xidong Mu, Zhaolin Wang, and Yuanwei Liu 9.1 Introduction 205 9.2 Developing Trends and Fundamental Models of ISAC 206 9.3 Novel NOMA Designs in Downlink and Uplink ISAC 209 9.4 Case Study: System Model and Problem Formulation 213 9.5 Case Study: Proposed Solutions 216 9.6 Case Study: Numerical Results 219 9.7 Conclusions 223 Part II Massive Access for NGMA 227 10 Capacity of Many-Access Channels 229 Lina Liu and Dongning Guo 10.1 Introduction 229 10.2 The Many-Access Channel Model 231 10.3 Capacity of the MnAC 232 10.4 Energy Efficiency of the MnAC 240 10.5 Discussion and Open Problems 253 11 Random Access Techniques for Machine-Type Communication 259 Jinho Choi 11.1 Fundamentals of Random Access 259 11.2 A Game Theoretic View 263 11.3 Random Access Protocols for MTC 266 11.4 Variants of 2-Step Random Access 269 11.5 Application of NOMA to Random Access 273 11.6 Low-Latency Access for MTC 279 12 Grant-Free Random Access via Compressed Sensing: Algorithm and Performance 287 Yongpeng Wu, Xinyu Xie, Tianya Li, and Boxiao Shen 12.1 Introduction 287 12.2 Joint Device Detection, Channel Estimation, and Data Decoding with Collision Resolution for MIMO Massive Unsourced Random Access 288 12.3 Exploiting Angular Domain Sparsity for Grant-Free Random Access: A Hybrid AMP Approach 294 12.4 LEO Satellite-Enabled Grant-Free Random Access 301 12.5 Concluding Remarks 311 13 Algorithm Unrolling for Massive Connectivity in IoT Networks 315 Yinan Zou, Yong Zhou, and Yuanming Shi 13.1 Introduction 315 13.2 System Model 317 13.3 Learned Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding Algorithm for Massive Connectivity 319 13.4 Learned Proximal Operator Methods for Massive Connectivity 324 13.5 Training and Testing Strategies 327 13.6 Simulation Results 328 13.7 Conclusions 331 14 Grant-Free Massive Random Access: Joint Activity Detection, Channel Estimation, and Data Decoding 335 Xinyu Bian, Yuyi Mao, and Jun Zhang 14.1 Introduction 335 14.2 System Model 337 14.3 Joint Estimation via a Turbo Receiver 339 14.4 A Low-Complexity Side Information-Aided Receiver 349 14.5 Simulation Results 353 14.6 Summary 358 15 Joint User Activity Detection, Channel Estimation, and Signal Detection for Grant-Free Massive Connectivity 361 Zhichao Shao, Shuchao Jiang, Chongbin Xu, Xiaojun Yuan, and Xin Wang 15.1 Introduction 361 15.2 Receiver Design for Synchronous Massive Connectivity 363 15.3 Receiver Design for Asynchronous Massive Connectivity 372 15.4 Conclusion 387 16 Grant-Free Random Access via Covariance-Based Approach 391 Ya-Feng Liu, Wei Yu, Ziyue Wang, Zhilin Chen, and Foad Sohrabi 16.1 Introduction 391 16.2 Device Activity Detection in Single-Cell Massive MIMO 393 16.3 Device Activity Detection in Multi-Cell Massive MIMO 402 16.4 Practical Issues and Extensions 409 16.5 Conclusions 411 17 Deep Learning-Enabled Massive Access 415 Ying Cui, Bowen Tan, Wang Liu, and Wuyang Jiang 17.1 Introduction 415 17.2 System Model 419 17.3 Model-Driven Channel Estimation 420 17.4 Model-Driven Activity Detection 424 17.5 Auto-Encoder-Based Pilot Design 429 17.6 Numerical Results 431 17.7 Conclusion 438 18 Massive Unsourced Random Access 443 Volodymyr Shyianov, Faouzi Bellili, Amine Mezghani, and Ekram Hossain 18.1 Introduction 443 18.2 URA with Single-Antenna Base Station 444 18.3 URA with Multi-Antenna Base Station 454 Part III Other Advanced Emerging MA Techniques for NGMA 465 19 Holographic-Pattern Division Multiple Access 467 Ruoqi Deng, Boya Di, and Lingyang Song 19.1 Overview of HDMA 469 19.2 System Model 474 19.3 Multiuser Holographic Beamforming 476 19.4 Holographic Pattern Design 479 19.5 Performance Analysis and Evaluation 485 19.6 Summary 490 20 Over-the-Air Computation 495 Yilong Chen, Xiaowen Cao, Jie Xu, Guangxu Zhu, Kaibin Huang, and Shuguang Cui 20.1 Introduction 495 20.2 AirComp Fundamentals 497 20.3 Power Control for AirComp 499 20.4 Beamforming for AirComp 509 20.5 Extension 514 20.6 Conclusion 516 21 Multi-Dimensional Multiple Access for 6G: Efficient Radio Resource Utilization and Value-Oriented Service Provisioning 519 Wudan Han, Jie Mei, and Xianbin Wang 21.1 Introduction 519 21.2 Principle of MDMA 523 21.3 Value-Oriented Operation of MDMA 528 21.4 Multi-Dimensional Resource Utilization in Value-Oriented MDMA 533 21.5 Numerical Results and Analysis 538 21.6 Conclusion 543 22 Efficient Federated Meta-Learning Over Multi-Access Wireless Networks 547 Sheng Yue and Ju Ren 22.1 Introduction 547 22.2 Related Work 549 22.3 Preliminaries and Assumptions 551 22.4 Nonuniform Federated Meta-Learning 554 22.5 Federated Meta-Learning Over Wireless Networks 558 22.6 Extension to First-Order Approximations 568 22.7 Simulation 570 22.8 Conclusion 577 References 578 Index 583