Solar Shading of Buildings

Executive Summary
1 Introduction
1.1 Why Shading?
1.2 Examples
2 Principles
2.1 Movement of the Sun and Window Orientation
2.2 Loss of Daylight
2.3 View Out
2.4 Fixed and Adjustable Shading
3 External Shading
3.1 Overhangs
3.2 Light Shelves
3.3 Awnings and Canopies
3.4 Fixed and Moveable Louvres
3.5 Other Shading Devices
4 Glazing
4.1 Standard Solar-control Glazing: Reflective and Absorbing
4.2 Soft-coat Low-emissivity 'Heat Mirror' Glazing
4.3 Reducing Window Area
4.4 Window Films
4.5 Other Glazing Types
5 Mid-pane Devices
5.1 Mid-pane Blinds
5.2 Shading in Double-skinned Facades
5.3 Other Mid-pane Shading Types
6 Internal Shading
6.1 Venetian Blinds
6.2 Vertical Louvre Blinds
6.3 Roller Blinds
6.4 Curtains
6.5 Other Internal Shading Devices
7 Conclusions
7.1 Notes to Table 15
8 References
Appendix: Measuring and Calculating Shading Performance
A.1 Measuring Solar Gain
A.2 Effect on Daylight
A.3 Openness Coefficient
A.4 Databases of Shading Performance
A.5 Modelling Performance
A.6 Life-cycle Assessment