Leveraging Complexity in Great-Power Competition and Warfare

This report, the second of a two-volume series, provides technical details in support of the first volume, Leveraging Complexity in Great-Power Competition and Warfare: Volume I, An Initial Exploration of How Complex Adaptive Systems Thinking Can Frame Opportunities and Challenges. It contains a literature review of complex adaptive system (CAS) research, a CAS lens user manual, and a Markov chain formulation of the adversary decision process.