Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society
8th Edition
Published on 8. October 2013
Book
Paperback/Softback
480 pages
978-0-205-95933-4 (ISBN)
Description
Provides students with a deeper understanding of what impacts drug use.
The eighth edition of Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society examines the impact of drug-taking behavior on our society and our daily lives. The use and abuse of a wide range of licit and illicit drugs are discussed from historical, biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives.
In today's world, drugs and their use present a social paradox, combining the potential for good and for bad. As a society and as individuals, we can be the beneficiaries of drugs or their victims. This text features a comprehensive review of psychoactive drugs, and is notable for the attention it gives to two aspects of drug-taking behavior that have been underreported in other texts: steroid abuse and inhalant abuse.
This text is available in a variety of formats - digital and print. Pearson offers its titles on the devices students love through CourseSmart, Amazon, and more.
Learning Goals
Upon completing this book, readers will be able to:
Understand the impact of drug use on behavior and society.
Examine the pros and cons to drug use.
The eighth edition of Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society examines the impact of drug-taking behavior on our society and our daily lives. The use and abuse of a wide range of licit and illicit drugs are discussed from historical, biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives.
In today's world, drugs and their use present a social paradox, combining the potential for good and for bad. As a society and as individuals, we can be the beneficiaries of drugs or their victims. This text features a comprehensive review of psychoactive drugs, and is notable for the attention it gives to two aspects of drug-taking behavior that have been underreported in other texts: steroid abuse and inhalant abuse.
This text is available in a variety of formats - digital and print. Pearson offers its titles on the devices students love through CourseSmart, Amazon, and more.
Learning Goals
Upon completing this book, readers will be able to:
Understand the impact of drug use on behavior and society.
Examine the pros and cons to drug use.
More details
Edition
8th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 252 mm
Width: 203 mm
Thickness: 16 mm
Weight
740 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-95933-4 (9780205959334)
Other editions
New editions
Software
08/2023
8th Edition
Pearson
€152.24
Article not available
Person
Dr. Charles F. Levinthal is Chair of the Department of Psychology and Professor of Psychology at Hofstra University, where he has taught and conducted research since 1971, having received his Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from the University of Michigan. He is author of fifteen books, including Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society, 7th ed. (2012), Drugs, Society, and Criminal Justice, 3rd ed. (2012), Point/Counterpoint: Opposing Perspectives on Issues of Drug Policy (2003), Introduction to Physiological Psychology, 3rd ed. (1990), and Messengers of Paradise: Opiates and the Brain (1988). Drugs, Behavior, and Modern Society has been published in Korean (2008), and Messengers of the Paradise: Opiates and the Brain has been published in Spanish (1989) and Japanese (1991). His present research interests include issues in substance abuse and dependence, clinical neuropsychology, and cognitive decision-making. Dr. Levinthal presented the Hofstra University Distinguished Faculty Lecture in 1987 and was voted by the graduating Class of 2003 as Distinguished Teacher of the Year. Dr. Levinthal was elected as a Fellow of the American Psychological Association in 2010.
Content
In this Section:
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. Brief Table of Contents
PART ONE: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
CHAPTER 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: The Personal and Social Concerns
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
PART TWO: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
CHAPTER 5: Narcotics: Opium, Heroin, and Synthetic Opiates
CHAPTER 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
PART THREE: Legal Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
CHAPTER 10: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
CHAPTER 11: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
PART FOUR: Enhancers and Depressants
CHAPTER 12: Performance Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
CHAPTER 13: Depressents and Inhalants
PART FIVE: Medicinal Drugs
CHAPTER 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
CHAPTER 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
PART SIX: Prevention and Treatment
CHAPTER 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
CHAPTER 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
2. Full Table of Contents
Part One: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
Chapter 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
Social Messages about Drug Use
Two Ways of Looking at Drugs and Behavior
HEALTH LINE: Defining Drugs: Olive Oil, Curry Powder, and a Little Grapefruit?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Drug Abuse and the College Student: An Assessment Tool
Drugs in Early Times
Drugs in the Nineteenth Century
Drugs and Behavior in the Twentieth Century
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.1: Understanding the History of Drugs and Behavior
Present-Day Attitudes toward Drugs
Patterns of Drug Use in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.2: Understanding Present-Day Drug Use in the United States 19
Making the Decision to Use Drugs
Present-day Concerns
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Facts about Club Drugs
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: Personal and Social Issues
Drug Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Acute Toxicity in the News: Drug-Related Deaths
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.1: Understanding Dose-Response Curves
The DAWN Reports
From Acute Toxicity to Chronic Toxicity
Behavioral Tolerance and Drug Overdose
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.2: Understanding Behavioral Tolerance through Conditioning
Physical and Psychological Dependence
Diagnosing Drug-related Problems: The Health Professional's Perspective
Special Circumstances in Drug Abuse
HEALTH LINE: Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Pregnant Women and Newborns
Drugs, Violence, and Crime
Governmental Policy, Regulation, and Laws
PORTRAIT: Pablo Escobar - Formerly Known as the Colombian King of Cocaine
Drug Law Enforcement and Global Politics
HEALTH LINE: Harm Reduction as a National Drug-Abuse Policy
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
How Drugs Enter the Body
How Drugs Exit the Body
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Ways to Take Drugs: Routes of Administration
Factors Determining the Behavioral Impact of Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.1: Understanding Drug Interactions
HEALTH ALERT: Adverse Effects of Drug-Drug and Food-Drug Combinations
Introducing the Nervous System
Understanding the Brain
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.2: Understanding Drugs and Brain Functioning
Understanding the Neurochemistry of Psychoactive Drugs
Physiological Aspects of Drug-Taking Behavior
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Endorphins, Endocannainoids, and the "Runner's High"
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.3: Understanding Cross-Tolerance and Cross-Dependence
HEALTH LINE: Drug Craving and the Insula of the Brain
Psychological Factors in Drug-Taking Behavior
PORTRAIT: Nora D. Volkow-A Scientist-General in the War on Drugs
Part Two: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
The History of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: Cocaine after Alcohol: The Risk of Cocaethylene Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What Happened to the Coca in Coca-Cola?
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.1: Understanding the History of Cocaine
Acute Effects of Cocaine
Chronic Effects of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: The Physical Signs of Possible Cocaine Abuse
Medical Uses of Cocaine
How Cocaine Works in the Brain
Present-Day Cocaine Abuse
Patterns of Cocaine Abuse
Treatment Programs for Cocaine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Paco: A Cheap New Form of Cocaine Floods Argentine Slums and Beyond
PORTRAIT: Robert Downey Jr. and Others-Cleaning Up after Cocaine
Amphetamines
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Crack Babies Revisited: What Are the Effects?
Acute Effects of Amphetamines
Chronic Effects of Amphetamines
Present-Day Patterns of Methamphetamine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Methamphetamine and the Heartland of America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.2: Understanding Patterns of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Abuse
Medical Uses for Amphetamines and Similar Stimulant Drugs
HEALTH LINE: Stimulant Medications as "Smart Pills"
Chapter 5: Opioids: Opium, Heroin, and Opioid Pain Medications
Opium in History
Morphine and the Advent of Heroin
Opioids in American Society
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.1: Understanding the History of Opium and Opioids
Effects on the Mind and the Body
How Opioids Work in the Brain
Patterns of Heroin Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.2: Understanding the Effects of Administering and Withdrawing Heroin
Heroin Abuse and Society
Treatment for Heroin Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: Sustained-Release Buprenorphine: A New Era in Heroin-Abuse Treatment
Medical Uses of Opioid Drugs
PORTRAIT: David Laffer --- Pharmacy Robber and Killer of Four
Chapter 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
A Matter of Definition
Classifying Hallucinogens
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Strange Days in Salem: Witchcraft or Hallucinogens?
PORTRAIT: Timothy Leary-Nutty Professor, Visionary, or Simply a Charlatan?
Facts and Fiction about LSD
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Guidelines for a Bad Trip on LSD
Psilocybin and Other Hallucinogens Related to Serotonin
HEALTH LINE: Bufotenine and the Bufo Toad
Hallucinogens Related to Norepinephrine
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Present-Day Peyotism and the Native American Church
HEALTH ALERT: MDMA Toxicity: The Other Side of Ecstasy
Hallucinogens Related to Acetylcholine
Miscellaneous Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.1: Understanding the Diversity of Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.2: Understanding PCP
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
A Matter of Terminology
The History of Marijuana and Hashish
Acute Effects of Marijuana
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.1: Understanding the Effects of Marijuana
Effects of Marijuana on the Brain
DRUGS...IN FOCUS: The neurochemical "Yin and Yang" of Cannabis
Chronic Effects of Marijuana
The Gateway Hypothesis
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.2: Understanding the Adverse Effects of Chronic Marijuana Abuse
Patterns of Marijuana Smoking
Causes for Concern
HEALTH ALERT: A Synthetic Marijuana called Spice
Medical Marijuana
PORTRAIT: Marcy Dolin --- Marijuana Self-Medicator
The Issues of Decriminalization and Legalization
Part Three: Legal Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
What Makes an Alcoholic Beverage?
Alcohol Use through History
Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Today
HEALTH LINE: Multiple Ways of Getting a Standard Drink
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Visualizing the Pattern of Alcohol Consumption in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.1: Understanding Alcoholic Beverages
The Pharmacology of Alcohol
HEALTH LINE: Gender, Race, and Medication: Factors in Alcohol Metabolism
Effects of Alcohol on the Brain
Acute Physiological Effects
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Signs and Procedures in Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Acute Behavioral Effects
PORTRAIT: Candace Lightner-Founder of MADD
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Alcohol, Security, and Spectator Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Caffeine, Alcohol, and the Dangers of Caffeinated Alcoholic Drinks
Alcohol and Health Benefits
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.2: Understanding the Data from Balanced Placebo Designs
Strategies for Responsible Drinking
HEALTH ALERT: Guidelines for Responsible Drinking
Chapter 9: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcoholism: Stereotypes, Definitions, and Life Problems
HEALTH LINE: A Self-Administered Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST)
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.1: Understanding the Psychology of Alcoholism
Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: The Health Professional's Perspective
Physiological Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use
HEALTH LINE: Alcoholism Screening Instruments in Professional Use
Patterns of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
The Genetics of Alcoholism
The Concept of Alcoholism as a Disease
Approaches to Treatment for Alcoholism
PORTRAIT: Bill W. and Dr. Bob-Founders of Alcoholics Anonymous
HEALTH LINE: Is Controlled Drinking Possible for Alcoholics?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: The Non-Disease Model of Alcoholism and Other Patterns of Substance Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.2: Understanding Alcoholics Anonymous
Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the Workplace
Chapter 10: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
Tobacco Use through History
Health Concerns and Smoking Behavior
HEALTH LINE: African Americans, Smoking, and Mentholated Cigarettes
The Tobacco Industry Today
What's in Tobacco?
The Dependence Potential of Nicotine
Health Consequences of Tobacco Use
HEALTH LINE: Visualizing 400,000 to 440,000 Annual Tobacco-Related Deaths
HEALTH ALERT: Signs of Trouble from Smokeless Tobacco
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 10.1: Understanding the Effects of Tobacco Smoking
Patterns of Smoking Behavior and Use of Smokeless Tobacco
PORTRAIT: Sigmund Freud-Nicotine Dependence, Cigars, and Cancer
Quitting Smoking: The Good News and the Bad
HEALTH LINE: How to Suceed in Quitting Smoking --- By Really Trying
Chapter 11: Caffeine
Coffee
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Why There Are No (Live) Flies in Your Coffee
Tea
Chocolate
HEALTH LINE: Chocolate, Flavanols and Cardiovascular Health
PORTRAIT: Milton S. Hershey and the Town Built on Chocolate
Soft Drinks
Caffeine from OTC Drugs and Other Products
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 11.1: Understanding Caffeine Levels in Foods and Beverages
Caffeine as a Drug
Potential Health Benefits
Potential Health Risks
HEALTH LINE: Coffee, Genes, and Heart Attacks
Dependence, Acute Toxicity, and Medical Applications
Caffeine and Young People A Special Concern
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Energy Shots
Part Four: Enhancers and Depressants
Chapter 12: Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
Drug-Taking Behavior in Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Gene Doping: Disqualified by Your DNA
PORTRAIT: Lance Armstrong: From Honor to Dishonor
Performance-Enhancing Drug Abuse and Baseball
The Hazards of Anabolic Steroids 296
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Suspension Penalties for Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Sports
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.1: Understanding the Effects of Anabolic Steroids
Patterns of Anabolic Steroid Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: The Symptoms of Steroid Abuse
Nonsteroid Hormones and Performance-Enhancing Supplements
Nonmedical Use of Stimulant Medication in Baseball
Current Drug-Testing Procedures and Policies
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: THG and the War on Performance-Enhancing Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.2: Understanding Drug Testing
The Social Context of Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Chapter 13: Depressants and Inhalants
Barbiturates
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Is There Any Truth in "Truth Serum"?
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics
The Development of Antianxiety Drugs
Benzodiazepines
HEALTH ALERT: The Dangers of Rohypnol as a Date-Rape Drug
Nonbenzodiazepine Depressants
A Special Alert: The Risks of GHB
PORTRAIT: Patricia White, GHB, and the "Perfect" Crime
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.1: Understanding the Abuse Potential in Drugs
Inhalants through History
Glue, Solvent, and Aerosol Inhalation
HEALTH ALERT: The Signs of Possible Inhalant Abuse
Patterns of Inhalant Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Resistol and Resistoleros in Latin America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.2: Understanding the History of Inhalants
Part Five: Medicinal Drugs
Chapter 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
The History of Prescription Drug Regulations
Procedures for Approving Prescription Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.1: Understanding the FDA Approval Process
Are FDA-Approved Drugs Safe? 346
HEALTH LINE: The Potential for Death by Prescription Error
HEALTH LINE: Doctor-Shopping and Prescription Pain Medications
Major OTC Analgesic Drugs 349
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.2: Understanding OTC Analgesic Drugs
Other Major Classes of OTC Drugs
The Pharmaceutical Industry Today
Dietary Supplements
PORTRAIT: Ryan Haight and the Ryan Haight Act of 2008
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What We Know about Nine Herbal Supplements
Chapter 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
The Biomedical Model
Antipsychotic Drugs and Schizophrenia
The Symptoms of Schizophrenia
HEALTH LINE: Mercury Poisoning: On Being Mad as a Hatter
Drugs Used to Treat Depression
PORTRAIT: The Melancholy President-Abraham Lincoln, Depression, and Those "Little Blue Pills
HEALTH ALERT: SSRI Antidepressants and Elevated Risk of Suicide among Children and Adolescents
Drugs for Other Types of Mental Disorders
CONCEPT CHECK 15.1: Understanding the Biochemistry of Mental Illness
QUICK
Psychiatric Drugs, Social Policy, and Deinstitutionalization
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Psychiatric Drugs and the Civil Liberties Debate
Part Six: Prevention and Treatment
Chapter 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.1: Understanding Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention Programs
Strategies for Substance-Abuse Prevention
HEALTH LINE: The Public Health Model and the Analogy of Infectious Disease Control
PORTRAIT: Dr. A. Thomas McLellan Goes to Washington (briefly)
Lessons from the Past: Prevention Approaches That Have Failed
Hope and Promise: Components of Effective School-Based Prevention Programs
HEALTH LINE: Peer-Refusal Skills: Ten Ways to Make It Easier to Say No
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.2: Understanding Primary Prevention and Education
Community-Based Prevention Programs
Family Systems in Primary and Secondary Prevention
DRUGS...IN FOCUS: Substance Use and Abuse among Young Mothers
Multicultural Issues in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Substance-Abuse Prevention in the Workplace
Yes, You: Substance-Abuse Prevention and the College Student
HEALTH LINE: Alcohol 101 on College Campuses
Substance-Abuse Prevention Information
Summary 400 / Key Terms 401 / Endnotes
POINT/COUNTERPOINT V: Should We Continue to D.A.R.E. or Shouldn't We?
Chapter 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
Designing Effective Substance-Abuse Treatment Programs
The Biopsychosocial Model for Substance-Abuse Treatment
Intervention through Incarceration and Other Punitive Measures
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Penalties for Crack versus Penalties for Powder Cocaine: Correcting an Injustice
PORTRAIT: Monsignor William O'Brien-Founder of Daytop Village
Substance-Abuse Treatment in the Workplace
The Personal Journey to Treatment and Recovery
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 17.1: Understanding the Stages of Change in Substance-Abuse Treatment
The Impact of Family Systems on Treatment and Recovery
HEALTH ALERT: Coping with a Child's Abuse of Alcohol or Other Drugs: What Parents Should and Should Not Do
Finding the Right Substance-Abuse Treatment Program
Needing versus Receiving Substance-Abuse Treatment
A Final Note: For Those Who Need Help . . .
1. Brief Table of Contents
2. Full Table of Contents
1. Brief Table of Contents
PART ONE: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
CHAPTER 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: The Personal and Social Concerns
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
PART TWO: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
CHAPTER 5: Narcotics: Opium, Heroin, and Synthetic Opiates
CHAPTER 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
PART THREE: Legal Drugs in Our Society
CHAPTER 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
CHAPTER 10: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
CHAPTER 11: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
PART FOUR: Enhancers and Depressants
CHAPTER 12: Performance Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
CHAPTER 13: Depressents and Inhalants
PART FIVE: Medicinal Drugs
CHAPTER 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
CHAPTER 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
PART SIX: Prevention and Treatment
CHAPTER 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
CHAPTER 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
2. Full Table of Contents
Part One: Drugs in Society/Drugs in Our Lives
Chapter 1: Drugs and Behavior Today
Social Messages about Drug Use
Two Ways of Looking at Drugs and Behavior
HEALTH LINE: Defining Drugs: Olive Oil, Curry Powder, and a Little Grapefruit?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Drug Abuse and the College Student: An Assessment Tool
Drugs in Early Times
Drugs in the Nineteenth Century
Drugs and Behavior in the Twentieth Century
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.1: Understanding the History of Drugs and Behavior
Present-Day Attitudes toward Drugs
Patterns of Drug Use in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 1.2: Understanding Present-Day Drug Use in the United States 19
Making the Decision to Use Drugs
Present-day Concerns
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Facts about Club Drugs
CHAPTER 2: Drug-Taking Behavior: Personal and Social Issues
Drug Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Acute Toxicity in the News: Drug-Related Deaths
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.1: Understanding Dose-Response Curves
The DAWN Reports
From Acute Toxicity to Chronic Toxicity
Behavioral Tolerance and Drug Overdose
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 2.2: Understanding Behavioral Tolerance through Conditioning
Physical and Psychological Dependence
Diagnosing Drug-related Problems: The Health Professional's Perspective
Special Circumstances in Drug Abuse
HEALTH LINE: Effects of Psychoactive Drugs on Pregnant Women and Newborns
Drugs, Violence, and Crime
Governmental Policy, Regulation, and Laws
PORTRAIT: Pablo Escobar - Formerly Known as the Colombian King of Cocaine
Drug Law Enforcement and Global Politics
HEALTH LINE: Harm Reduction as a National Drug-Abuse Policy
CHAPTER 3: How Drugs Work in the Body and on the Mind
How Drugs Enter the Body
How Drugs Exit the Body
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Ways to Take Drugs: Routes of Administration
Factors Determining the Behavioral Impact of Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.1: Understanding Drug Interactions
HEALTH ALERT: Adverse Effects of Drug-Drug and Food-Drug Combinations
Introducing the Nervous System
Understanding the Brain
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.2: Understanding Drugs and Brain Functioning
Understanding the Neurochemistry of Psychoactive Drugs
Physiological Aspects of Drug-Taking Behavior
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Endorphins, Endocannainoids, and the "Runner's High"
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 3.3: Understanding Cross-Tolerance and Cross-Dependence
HEALTH LINE: Drug Craving and the Insula of the Brain
Psychological Factors in Drug-Taking Behavior
PORTRAIT: Nora D. Volkow-A Scientist-General in the War on Drugs
Part Two: Legally Restricted Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 4: The Major Stimulants: Cocaine and Amphetamines
The History of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: Cocaine after Alcohol: The Risk of Cocaethylene Toxicity
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What Happened to the Coca in Coca-Cola?
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.1: Understanding the History of Cocaine
Acute Effects of Cocaine
Chronic Effects of Cocaine
HEALTH ALERT: The Physical Signs of Possible Cocaine Abuse
Medical Uses of Cocaine
How Cocaine Works in the Brain
Present-Day Cocaine Abuse
Patterns of Cocaine Abuse
Treatment Programs for Cocaine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Paco: A Cheap New Form of Cocaine Floods Argentine Slums and Beyond
PORTRAIT: Robert Downey Jr. and Others-Cleaning Up after Cocaine
Amphetamines
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Crack Babies Revisited: What Are the Effects?
Acute Effects of Amphetamines
Chronic Effects of Amphetamines
Present-Day Patterns of Methamphetamine Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Methamphetamine and the Heartland of America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 4.2: Understanding Patterns of Cocaine and Methamphetamine Abuse
Medical Uses for Amphetamines and Similar Stimulant Drugs
HEALTH LINE: Stimulant Medications as "Smart Pills"
Chapter 5: Opioids: Opium, Heroin, and Opioid Pain Medications
Opium in History
Morphine and the Advent of Heroin
Opioids in American Society
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.1: Understanding the History of Opium and Opioids
Effects on the Mind and the Body
How Opioids Work in the Brain
Patterns of Heroin Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 5.2: Understanding the Effects of Administering and Withdrawing Heroin
Heroin Abuse and Society
Treatment for Heroin Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: Sustained-Release Buprenorphine: A New Era in Heroin-Abuse Treatment
Medical Uses of Opioid Drugs
PORTRAIT: David Laffer --- Pharmacy Robber and Killer of Four
Chapter 6: LSD and Other Hallucinogens
A Matter of Definition
Classifying Hallucinogens
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Strange Days in Salem: Witchcraft or Hallucinogens?
PORTRAIT: Timothy Leary-Nutty Professor, Visionary, or Simply a Charlatan?
Facts and Fiction about LSD
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Guidelines for a Bad Trip on LSD
Psilocybin and Other Hallucinogens Related to Serotonin
HEALTH LINE: Bufotenine and the Bufo Toad
Hallucinogens Related to Norepinephrine
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Present-Day Peyotism and the Native American Church
HEALTH ALERT: MDMA Toxicity: The Other Side of Ecstasy
Hallucinogens Related to Acetylcholine
Miscellaneous Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.1: Understanding the Diversity of Hallucinogens
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 6.2: Understanding PCP
CHAPTER 7: Marijuana
A Matter of Terminology
The History of Marijuana and Hashish
Acute Effects of Marijuana
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.1: Understanding the Effects of Marijuana
Effects of Marijuana on the Brain
DRUGS...IN FOCUS: The neurochemical "Yin and Yang" of Cannabis
Chronic Effects of Marijuana
The Gateway Hypothesis
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 7.2: Understanding the Adverse Effects of Chronic Marijuana Abuse
Patterns of Marijuana Smoking
Causes for Concern
HEALTH ALERT: A Synthetic Marijuana called Spice
Medical Marijuana
PORTRAIT: Marcy Dolin --- Marijuana Self-Medicator
The Issues of Decriminalization and Legalization
Part Three: Legal Drugs in Our Society
Chapter 8: Alcohol: Social Beverage/Social Drug
What Makes an Alcoholic Beverage?
Alcohol Use through History
Patterns of Alcohol Consumption Today
HEALTH LINE: Multiple Ways of Getting a Standard Drink
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Visualizing the Pattern of Alcohol Consumption in the United States
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.1: Understanding Alcoholic Beverages
The Pharmacology of Alcohol
HEALTH LINE: Gender, Race, and Medication: Factors in Alcohol Metabolism
Effects of Alcohol on the Brain
Acute Physiological Effects
HEALTH ALERT: Emergency Signs and Procedures in Acute Alcohol Intoxication
Acute Behavioral Effects
PORTRAIT: Candace Lightner-Founder of MADD
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Alcohol, Security, and Spectator Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Caffeine, Alcohol, and the Dangers of Caffeinated Alcoholic Drinks
Alcohol and Health Benefits
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 8.2: Understanding the Data from Balanced Placebo Designs
Strategies for Responsible Drinking
HEALTH ALERT: Guidelines for Responsible Drinking
Chapter 9: Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
Alcoholism: Stereotypes, Definitions, and Life Problems
HEALTH LINE: A Self-Administered Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (SMAST)
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.1: Understanding the Psychology of Alcoholism
Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependence: The Health Professional's Perspective
Physiological Effects of Chronic Alcohol Use
HEALTH LINE: Alcoholism Screening Instruments in Professional Use
Patterns of Chronic Alcohol Abuse
The Genetics of Alcoholism
The Concept of Alcoholism as a Disease
Approaches to Treatment for Alcoholism
PORTRAIT: Bill W. and Dr. Bob-Founders of Alcoholics Anonymous
HEALTH LINE: Is Controlled Drinking Possible for Alcoholics?
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: The Non-Disease Model of Alcoholism and Other Patterns of Substance Abuse
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 9.2: Understanding Alcoholics Anonymous
Chronic Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in the Workplace
Chapter 10: Nicotine and Tobacco Use
Tobacco Use through History
Health Concerns and Smoking Behavior
HEALTH LINE: African Americans, Smoking, and Mentholated Cigarettes
The Tobacco Industry Today
What's in Tobacco?
The Dependence Potential of Nicotine
Health Consequences of Tobacco Use
HEALTH LINE: Visualizing 400,000 to 440,000 Annual Tobacco-Related Deaths
HEALTH ALERT: Signs of Trouble from Smokeless Tobacco
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 10.1: Understanding the Effects of Tobacco Smoking
Patterns of Smoking Behavior and Use of Smokeless Tobacco
PORTRAIT: Sigmund Freud-Nicotine Dependence, Cigars, and Cancer
Quitting Smoking: The Good News and the Bad
HEALTH LINE: How to Suceed in Quitting Smoking --- By Really Trying
Chapter 11: Caffeine
Coffee
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Why There Are No (Live) Flies in Your Coffee
Tea
Chocolate
HEALTH LINE: Chocolate, Flavanols and Cardiovascular Health
PORTRAIT: Milton S. Hershey and the Town Built on Chocolate
Soft Drinks
Caffeine from OTC Drugs and Other Products
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 11.1: Understanding Caffeine Levels in Foods and Beverages
Caffeine as a Drug
Potential Health Benefits
Potential Health Risks
HEALTH LINE: Coffee, Genes, and Heart Attacks
Dependence, Acute Toxicity, and Medical Applications
Caffeine and Young People A Special Concern
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Energy Shots
Part Four: Enhancers and Depressants
Chapter 12: Performance-Enhancing Drugs and Drug Testing in Sports
Drug-Taking Behavior in Sports
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Gene Doping: Disqualified by Your DNA
PORTRAIT: Lance Armstrong: From Honor to Dishonor
Performance-Enhancing Drug Abuse and Baseball
The Hazards of Anabolic Steroids 296
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Suspension Penalties for Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Sports
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.1: Understanding the Effects of Anabolic Steroids
Patterns of Anabolic Steroid Abuse
HEALTH ALERT: The Symptoms of Steroid Abuse
Nonsteroid Hormones and Performance-Enhancing Supplements
Nonmedical Use of Stimulant Medication in Baseball
Current Drug-Testing Procedures and Policies
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: THG and the War on Performance-Enhancing Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 12.2: Understanding Drug Testing
The Social Context of Performance-Enhancing Drugs
Chapter 13: Depressants and Inhalants
Barbiturates
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Is There Any Truth in "Truth Serum"?
Nonbarbiturate Sedative-Hypnotics
The Development of Antianxiety Drugs
Benzodiazepines
HEALTH ALERT: The Dangers of Rohypnol as a Date-Rape Drug
Nonbenzodiazepine Depressants
A Special Alert: The Risks of GHB
PORTRAIT: Patricia White, GHB, and the "Perfect" Crime
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.1: Understanding the Abuse Potential in Drugs
Inhalants through History
Glue, Solvent, and Aerosol Inhalation
HEALTH ALERT: The Signs of Possible Inhalant Abuse
Patterns of Inhalant Abuse
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Resistol and Resistoleros in Latin America
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 13.2: Understanding the History of Inhalants
Part Five: Medicinal Drugs
Chapter 14: Prescription Drugs, Over-the-Counter Drugs, and Dietary Supplements
The History of Prescription Drug Regulations
Procedures for Approving Prescription Drugs
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.1: Understanding the FDA Approval Process
Are FDA-Approved Drugs Safe? 346
HEALTH LINE: The Potential for Death by Prescription Error
HEALTH LINE: Doctor-Shopping and Prescription Pain Medications
Major OTC Analgesic Drugs 349
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 14.2: Understanding OTC Analgesic Drugs
Other Major Classes of OTC Drugs
The Pharmaceutical Industry Today
Dietary Supplements
PORTRAIT: Ryan Haight and the Ryan Haight Act of 2008
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: What We Know about Nine Herbal Supplements
Chapter 15: Drugs for Treating Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders
The Biomedical Model
Antipsychotic Drugs and Schizophrenia
The Symptoms of Schizophrenia
HEALTH LINE: Mercury Poisoning: On Being Mad as a Hatter
Drugs Used to Treat Depression
PORTRAIT: The Melancholy President-Abraham Lincoln, Depression, and Those "Little Blue Pills
HEALTH ALERT: SSRI Antidepressants and Elevated Risk of Suicide among Children and Adolescents
Drugs for Other Types of Mental Disorders
CONCEPT CHECK 15.1: Understanding the Biochemistry of Mental Illness
QUICK
Psychiatric Drugs, Social Policy, and Deinstitutionalization
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Psychiatric Drugs and the Civil Liberties Debate
Part Six: Prevention and Treatment
Chapter 16: Substance-Abuse Prevention
Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.1: Understanding Levels of Intervention in Substance-Abuse Prevention Programs
Strategies for Substance-Abuse Prevention
HEALTH LINE: The Public Health Model and the Analogy of Infectious Disease Control
PORTRAIT: Dr. A. Thomas McLellan Goes to Washington (briefly)
Lessons from the Past: Prevention Approaches That Have Failed
Hope and Promise: Components of Effective School-Based Prevention Programs
HEALTH LINE: Peer-Refusal Skills: Ten Ways to Make It Easier to Say No
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 16.2: Understanding Primary Prevention and Education
Community-Based Prevention Programs
Family Systems in Primary and Secondary Prevention
DRUGS...IN FOCUS: Substance Use and Abuse among Young Mothers
Multicultural Issues in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Substance-Abuse Prevention in the Workplace
Yes, You: Substance-Abuse Prevention and the College Student
HEALTH LINE: Alcohol 101 on College Campuses
Substance-Abuse Prevention Information
Summary 400 / Key Terms 401 / Endnotes
POINT/COUNTERPOINT V: Should We Continue to D.A.R.E. or Shouldn't We?
Chapter 17: Substance-Abuse Treatment: Strategies for Change
Designing Effective Substance-Abuse Treatment Programs
The Biopsychosocial Model for Substance-Abuse Treatment
Intervention through Incarceration and Other Punitive Measures
DRUGS . . . IN FOCUS: Penalties for Crack versus Penalties for Powder Cocaine: Correcting an Injustice
PORTRAIT: Monsignor William O'Brien-Founder of Daytop Village
Substance-Abuse Treatment in the Workplace
The Personal Journey to Treatment and Recovery
QUICK CONCEPT CHECK 17.1: Understanding the Stages of Change in Substance-Abuse Treatment
The Impact of Family Systems on Treatment and Recovery
HEALTH ALERT: Coping with a Child's Abuse of Alcohol or Other Drugs: What Parents Should and Should Not Do
Finding the Right Substance-Abuse Treatment Program
Needing versus Receiving Substance-Abuse Treatment
A Final Note: For Those Who Need Help . . .