The Essential Guide
Research Writing Across the Disciplines: United States Edition
5th Edition
Published on 29. July 2010
Book
Spiral bound
240 pages
978-0-205-76287-3 (ISBN)
Description
The Essential Guide: Writing Research Papers Across the Disciplines,based on Lester's best-selling Writing Research Papers, is the ultimate brief research reference. Pocket-sized and inexpensive, this research guide is priced to work as a supplement in any research-oriented course.
Designed to be a guide for writing research papers both in all courses in all disciplines, the text features advice on the judicious handling of research materials as well as extensive coverage of electronic research. It remains rooted in the fundamentals of thorough library research but encourages and equips students to use the Internet as well as field research where appropriate. Numerous student samples and excerpts model different types of research papers from across the disciplines. Comprehensive coverage of the four most common documentation systems, reflecting the most current guidelines from both MLA and APA, increases the text's usability beyond the composition classroom.
Designed to be a guide for writing research papers both in all courses in all disciplines, the text features advice on the judicious handling of research materials as well as extensive coverage of electronic research. It remains rooted in the fundamentals of thorough library research but encourages and equips students to use the Internet as well as field research where appropriate. Numerous student samples and excerpts model different types of research papers from across the disciplines. Comprehensive coverage of the four most common documentation systems, reflecting the most current guidelines from both MLA and APA, increases the text's usability beyond the composition classroom.
More details
Edition
5th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 216 mm
Width: 140 mm
Weight
250 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-76287-3 (9780205762873)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Book
10/2012
6th Edition
Longman Inc
€35.18
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Previous edition
Book
08/2007
4th Edition
Pearson
€41.36
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Content
CHAPTER 1 WRITING FROM RESEARCH
1a Generating Ideas and Focusing the Subject
Relate Your Personal Ideas to a Scholarly Problem
Developing a Research Journal
Asking Questions
Using Key Terminology
Talking with Others to Find and Refine the Topic
Using Electronic Sources
Using Textbooks and Reference Books
1b Writing a Thesis, an Enthymeme, or a Hypothesis
Thesis
Enthymeme
Hypothesis
1c Using Your Thesis to Chart the Direction of Your Research
Arrangement by Issues
Arrangement by Cause/Effect
Arrangement by Interpretation and Evaluation
Arrangement by Comparison
1d Drafting a Research Proposal
Writing a Short Research Proposal
Writing a Detailed Research Proposal
1e Establishing a Schedule
CHAPTER 2 GATHERING SOURCES IN THE LIBRARY
2a Launching the Library Search
2b Using the Library's Electronic Resources Catalog
Books
Journals
Internet Sites
Reference Books
Archives
Bibliographies
2c Searching the Library's Electronic Databases
General Databases
Databases by Discipline
2d Searching the Printed Bibliographies
Searching in General Bibliographies
Searching in the Specialized Bibliographies and Reference
Works
2e Searching the Printed Indexes
Starting with a General Index to Periodicals
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Humanities
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Social Sciences
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Physical Sciences
Searching Indexes to Discipline-Specific Information
2f Searching Biographies
2g Searching Newspaper Indexes
2h Searching the Indexes to Pamphlet Files
2i Searching Government Documents
2j Searching for Essays Within Books
2k Building Your Research Journal
CHAPTER 3 GATHERING SOURCES ONLINE
3a Beginning an Online Search
Using General Search Engines
3b Using Search Engines Devoted to Academic
Disciplines
Humanities
Social Sciences
Sciences
3c Accessing Online Sources
Internet Home Pages
Internet Articles on the Web
Journal Articles on the Web
Magazine Articles on the Web
News Sources
Books on the Web
E-mail Discussion Groups
Archives
CHAPTER 4 CONDUCTING FIELD RESEARCH
4a Conducting Research Within a Discipline
The Social Scientists
The Physical Scientists
The Applied Scientists
The Humanists
4b Investigating Local Sources
Interviewing Knowledgeable People
Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail
Reading Personal Papers
Attending Lectures and Public Addresses
Investigating Government Documents
4c Examining Audiovisual Materials, the Internet, and Television
4d Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire
4e Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation
CHAPTER 5 UNDERSTANDING AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
5a Using Sources to Enhance Your Credibility
5b Identifying Bias in a Source
5c Honoring Property Rights
5d Avoiding Plagiarism
Common Knowledge Exceptions
5e Sharing Credit in Collaborative Projects
5f Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Web Site
CHAPTER 6 READING AND EVALUATING SOURCES
6a Understanding the Assignment
Primary and Secondary Sources
Guide to Academic Sources
6b Identifying Reliable Sources
Scholarly Book
Biography
Scholarly Article
Sponsored Web Site
Interview
Experiment, Test, or Observation
Trade Book
Encyclopedia
Popular Magazine
Newspapers
E-mail Forum Posting
Individual Web Site
Internet Chat Conversations
6c Evaluating Sources
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Currency
CHAPTER 7 ORGANIZING IDEAS AND SETTING GOALS
7a Using the Correct Academic Model (Paradigm)
A General, All-Purpose Model
Academic Pattern for the Interpretation of Literature and Other Creative Works
Academic Pattern for the Analysis of History
Academic Pattern for Advancing Philosophical and Religious Ideas
Academic Pattern for the Review of a Performance
Academic Pattern for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories
Academic Pattern for Argument and Persuasion Papers
Academic Model for a Comparative Study
Academic Pattern for a Laboratory Investigation or Field Report
Academic Pattern for Scientific Analysis
Academic Pattern for a Report of Empirical
Research
7b Using Your Thesis to Control the Outline
Argument
Cause and Effect
Evaluation
Comparison
7c Writing an Outline
Topic Outline
Sentence Outline
CHAPTER 8 WRITING EFFECTIVE NOTES
Honoring the Conventions of Research Style
8a Writing Personal Notes
8b Writing Direct Quotation Notes
Quoting the Primary Sources
Quoting the Secondary Sources
8c Writing Paraphrased Notes
8d Writing Summary Notes
Use the Summary to Review Briefly an Article or Book
Use the Summary to Write an Annotated Bibliography
Use the Summary in a Plot Summary Note
Use the Summary to Create an Abstract
8e Writing Notes from Field Research
8f Using Your Notes to Write an Annotated Bibliography
8g Using Your Notes to Write a Review of the Literature
CHAPTER 9 DRAFTING THE PAPER IN AN ACADEMIC STYLE
9a Writing for Your Field of Study
Academic Style in the Humanities
Academic Style in the Social Sciences
Academic Style in the Physical and Medical Sciences
9b Focusing Your Argument
Persuading, Inquiring, and Negotiating
Maintaining a Focus with Ethical and Logical Appeals
Focusing the Final Thesis Statement or Hypothesis
9c Writing an Academic Title
9d Drafting the Paper
Writing with Unity and Coherence
Writing in the Proper Tense
Using the Language of the Discipline
Using Source Material to Enhance Your Writing
Writing in the Third Person
Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner
Placing Graphics Effectively in a Research Essay
Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language
9e Creating an Introduction, a Body, and a Conclusion
Writing the Introduction
Writing the Body of the Research Paper
Writing the Conclusion of the Paper
9f Revising the Rough Draft
Editing Before Printing the Final Manuscript
Using the Computer to Edit Your Text
Participating in Peer Review
Proofreading
CHAPTER 10 USING MLA STYLE
10a Blending Sources into Your Writing
Identifying the Author and Page Number
Citing a Source When No Author Is Listed
Citing Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number
Citing Internet Sources
Citing Indirect Sources
Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies
Adding Information to In-text Citations
10b Punctuating Citations Properly and Consistently
Indenting Long Quotations
Citing Lines of Poetry
Citing Drama
Changing Initial Capitals
Using Ellipsis Points to Omit Phrases
Using Brackets to Alter Quotations
10c Writing the Works Cited References in MLA Style
Works Cited Form-Books
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
Bibliography Form-Newspapers
Bibliography Form-Government Documents
Bibliography Form-Electronic Sources (Internet, E-mail, Databases)
Bibliography Form-Databases
Bibliography Form-Artistic Works and Performances
10d Formatting the Paper in MLA Style
Title Page or Opening Page
Outline
The Text of the Paper
Content Endnotes Page
Appendix
Works Cited
10e Writing a Literary Paper in MLA Style
Sample Research Paper
CHAPTER 11 WRITING IN APA STYLE
11a Meeting the Demands of the Assignment
Writing Theoretical Articles
Reporting on Empirical Research
Reviewing Articles and Books
11b Establishing a Critical Approach
11c Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA-Styled Paper
11d Blending Sources into Your Writing
Citing a Block of Material
Citing a Work with More Than One Author
Citing More Than One Work by an Author
Citing Indirect Sources
Abbreviating Corporate Authors in the Text
Citing an Anonymous Author
Citing Electronic Sources
11e Preparing the List of References
Bibliography Form-Books
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
Bibliography Form-Nonprint Material
Bibliography Form-Internet Sources
11f Formatting a Paper in the APA Style
Title Page
Abstract
Text of the Paper
References
Appendix
11g Sample Paper in APA Style
CHAPTER 12 THE FOOTNOTE SYSTEM: CMS STYLE
12a Blending Sources into Your Writing
Introducing the Sources
Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text
Writing Full or Abbreviated Notes
12b Formatting and Writing the Footnotes
Book
Collection or Anthology
Journal Article
Magazine Article
Newspaper Article
Review Article
Nonprint Source: Lecture, Sermon, Speech, Oral Report
Encyclopedia
Government Documents
Television
Film on DVD
Musical Work on VHS
Biblical Reference
12c Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources
Article Online
Magazine Article Reproduced Online
Journal Article Reproduced Online
Article Online with No Author Listed
Article Accessed from a Database Through the Library System
Book Online
CD-ROM Source
Electronic Mailing List, Archived
E-mail
12d Writing Subsequent Footnote References
12e Writing Endnotes Rather than Footnotes
12f Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes
Related Matters Not Germane to the Text
Literature on a Related Topic
12g Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That
Uses Footnotes
Book
Journal Article
Newspaper
Internet Article
12h Sample Research Paper in the CMS Style
CHAPTER 13 CSE STYLE FOR THE NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
13a Writing In-text Citations Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System
13b Writing a References Page
Book
Article in a Journal
Internet Articles and Other Electronic Publications
Magazine and Newspaper Article
Proceedings and Conference Presentations
Article from a Loose-Leaf Collection
13c Sample Paper Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System
CHAPTER 14 CREATING ELECTRONIC RESEARCH PROJECTS
14a Using Word Processing to Create Electronic Documents
14b Building a Slide Show
14c Creating Pages with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Using a Web Page Editor to Create Web Pages
Citing Your Sources in a Web Research Paper
14d Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper
Creating Your Own Digital Graphics
14e Delivering Your Electronic Research Paper to Readers
APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF MANUSCRIPT STYLE
Credits
Index
1a Generating Ideas and Focusing the Subject
Relate Your Personal Ideas to a Scholarly Problem
Developing a Research Journal
Asking Questions
Using Key Terminology
Talking with Others to Find and Refine the Topic
Using Electronic Sources
Using Textbooks and Reference Books
1b Writing a Thesis, an Enthymeme, or a Hypothesis
Thesis
Enthymeme
Hypothesis
1c Using Your Thesis to Chart the Direction of Your Research
Arrangement by Issues
Arrangement by Cause/Effect
Arrangement by Interpretation and Evaluation
Arrangement by Comparison
1d Drafting a Research Proposal
Writing a Short Research Proposal
Writing a Detailed Research Proposal
1e Establishing a Schedule
CHAPTER 2 GATHERING SOURCES IN THE LIBRARY
2a Launching the Library Search
2b Using the Library's Electronic Resources Catalog
Books
Journals
Internet Sites
Reference Books
Archives
Bibliographies
2c Searching the Library's Electronic Databases
General Databases
Databases by Discipline
2d Searching the Printed Bibliographies
Searching in General Bibliographies
Searching in the Specialized Bibliographies and Reference
Works
2e Searching the Printed Indexes
Starting with a General Index to Periodicals
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Humanities
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Social Sciences
Searching Indexes to Topics in the Physical Sciences
Searching Indexes to Discipline-Specific Information
2f Searching Biographies
2g Searching Newspaper Indexes
2h Searching the Indexes to Pamphlet Files
2i Searching Government Documents
2j Searching for Essays Within Books
2k Building Your Research Journal
CHAPTER 3 GATHERING SOURCES ONLINE
3a Beginning an Online Search
Using General Search Engines
3b Using Search Engines Devoted to Academic
Disciplines
Humanities
Social Sciences
Sciences
3c Accessing Online Sources
Internet Home Pages
Internet Articles on the Web
Journal Articles on the Web
Magazine Articles on the Web
News Sources
Books on the Web
E-mail Discussion Groups
Archives
CHAPTER 4 CONDUCTING FIELD RESEARCH
4a Conducting Research Within a Discipline
The Social Scientists
The Physical Scientists
The Applied Scientists
The Humanists
4b Investigating Local Sources
Interviewing Knowledgeable People
Writing Letters and Corresponding by E-mail
Reading Personal Papers
Attending Lectures and Public Addresses
Investigating Government Documents
4c Examining Audiovisual Materials, the Internet, and Television
4d Conducting a Survey with a Questionnaire
4e Conducting Experiments, Tests, and Observation
CHAPTER 5 UNDERSTANDING AND AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
5a Using Sources to Enhance Your Credibility
5b Identifying Bias in a Source
5c Honoring Property Rights
5d Avoiding Plagiarism
Common Knowledge Exceptions
5e Sharing Credit in Collaborative Projects
5f Seeking Permission to Publish Material on Your Web Site
CHAPTER 6 READING AND EVALUATING SOURCES
6a Understanding the Assignment
Primary and Secondary Sources
Guide to Academic Sources
6b Identifying Reliable Sources
Scholarly Book
Biography
Scholarly Article
Sponsored Web Site
Interview
Experiment, Test, or Observation
Trade Book
Encyclopedia
Popular Magazine
Newspapers
E-mail Forum Posting
Individual Web Site
Internet Chat Conversations
6c Evaluating Sources
Relevance
Authority
Accuracy
Currency
CHAPTER 7 ORGANIZING IDEAS AND SETTING GOALS
7a Using the Correct Academic Model (Paradigm)
A General, All-Purpose Model
Academic Pattern for the Interpretation of Literature and Other Creative Works
Academic Pattern for the Analysis of History
Academic Pattern for Advancing Philosophical and Religious Ideas
Academic Pattern for the Review of a Performance
Academic Pattern for Advancing Your Ideas and Theories
Academic Pattern for Argument and Persuasion Papers
Academic Model for a Comparative Study
Academic Pattern for a Laboratory Investigation or Field Report
Academic Pattern for Scientific Analysis
Academic Pattern for a Report of Empirical
Research
7b Using Your Thesis to Control the Outline
Argument
Cause and Effect
Evaluation
Comparison
7c Writing an Outline
Topic Outline
Sentence Outline
CHAPTER 8 WRITING EFFECTIVE NOTES
Honoring the Conventions of Research Style
8a Writing Personal Notes
8b Writing Direct Quotation Notes
Quoting the Primary Sources
Quoting the Secondary Sources
8c Writing Paraphrased Notes
8d Writing Summary Notes
Use the Summary to Review Briefly an Article or Book
Use the Summary to Write an Annotated Bibliography
Use the Summary in a Plot Summary Note
Use the Summary to Create an Abstract
8e Writing Notes from Field Research
8f Using Your Notes to Write an Annotated Bibliography
8g Using Your Notes to Write a Review of the Literature
CHAPTER 9 DRAFTING THE PAPER IN AN ACADEMIC STYLE
9a Writing for Your Field of Study
Academic Style in the Humanities
Academic Style in the Social Sciences
Academic Style in the Physical and Medical Sciences
9b Focusing Your Argument
Persuading, Inquiring, and Negotiating
Maintaining a Focus with Ethical and Logical Appeals
Focusing the Final Thesis Statement or Hypothesis
9c Writing an Academic Title
9d Drafting the Paper
Writing with Unity and Coherence
Writing in the Proper Tense
Using the Language of the Discipline
Using Source Material to Enhance Your Writing
Writing in the Third Person
Writing with the Passive Voice in an Appropriate Manner
Placing Graphics Effectively in a Research Essay
Avoiding Sexist and Biased Language
9e Creating an Introduction, a Body, and a Conclusion
Writing the Introduction
Writing the Body of the Research Paper
Writing the Conclusion of the Paper
9f Revising the Rough Draft
Editing Before Printing the Final Manuscript
Using the Computer to Edit Your Text
Participating in Peer Review
Proofreading
CHAPTER 10 USING MLA STYLE
10a Blending Sources into Your Writing
Identifying the Author and Page Number
Citing a Source When No Author Is Listed
Citing Nonprint Sources That Have No Page Number
Citing Internet Sources
Citing Indirect Sources
Citing Material from Textbooks and Large Anthologies
Adding Information to In-text Citations
10b Punctuating Citations Properly and Consistently
Indenting Long Quotations
Citing Lines of Poetry
Citing Drama
Changing Initial Capitals
Using Ellipsis Points to Omit Phrases
Using Brackets to Alter Quotations
10c Writing the Works Cited References in MLA Style
Works Cited Form-Books
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
Bibliography Form-Newspapers
Bibliography Form-Government Documents
Bibliography Form-Electronic Sources (Internet, E-mail, Databases)
Bibliography Form-Databases
Bibliography Form-Artistic Works and Performances
10d Formatting the Paper in MLA Style
Title Page or Opening Page
Outline
The Text of the Paper
Content Endnotes Page
Appendix
Works Cited
10e Writing a Literary Paper in MLA Style
Sample Research Paper
CHAPTER 11 WRITING IN APA STYLE
11a Meeting the Demands of the Assignment
Writing Theoretical Articles
Reporting on Empirical Research
Reviewing Articles and Books
11b Establishing a Critical Approach
11c Writing in the Proper Tense for an APA-Styled Paper
11d Blending Sources into Your Writing
Citing a Block of Material
Citing a Work with More Than One Author
Citing More Than One Work by an Author
Citing Indirect Sources
Abbreviating Corporate Authors in the Text
Citing an Anonymous Author
Citing Electronic Sources
11e Preparing the List of References
Bibliography Form-Books
Bibliography Form-Periodicals
Bibliography Form-Nonprint Material
Bibliography Form-Internet Sources
11f Formatting a Paper in the APA Style
Title Page
Abstract
Text of the Paper
References
Appendix
11g Sample Paper in APA Style
CHAPTER 12 THE FOOTNOTE SYSTEM: CMS STYLE
12a Blending Sources into Your Writing
Introducing the Sources
Inserting a Superscript Numeral in Your Text
Writing Full or Abbreviated Notes
12b Formatting and Writing the Footnotes
Book
Collection or Anthology
Journal Article
Magazine Article
Newspaper Article
Review Article
Nonprint Source: Lecture, Sermon, Speech, Oral Report
Encyclopedia
Government Documents
Television
Film on DVD
Musical Work on VHS
Biblical Reference
12c Writing Footnotes for Electronic Sources
Article Online
Magazine Article Reproduced Online
Journal Article Reproduced Online
Article Online with No Author Listed
Article Accessed from a Database Through the Library System
Book Online
CD-ROM Source
Electronic Mailing List, Archived
12d Writing Subsequent Footnote References
12e Writing Endnotes Rather than Footnotes
12f Writing Content Footnotes or Content Endnotes
Related Matters Not Germane to the Text
Literature on a Related Topic
12g Writing a Bibliography Page for a Paper That
Uses Footnotes
Book
Journal Article
Newspaper
Internet Article
12h Sample Research Paper in the CMS Style
CHAPTER 13 CSE STYLE FOR THE NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES
13a Writing In-text Citations Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System
13b Writing a References Page
Book
Article in a Journal
Internet Articles and Other Electronic Publications
Magazine and Newspaper Article
Proceedings and Conference Presentations
Article from a Loose-Leaf Collection
13c Sample Paper Using the CSE Citation-Sequence System
CHAPTER 14 CREATING ELECTRONIC RESEARCH PROJECTS
14a Using Word Processing to Create Electronic Documents
14b Building a Slide Show
14c Creating Pages with Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Using a Web Page Editor to Create Web Pages
Citing Your Sources in a Web Research Paper
14d Using Graphics in Your Electronic Research Paper
Creating Your Own Digital Graphics
14e Delivering Your Electronic Research Paper to Readers
APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF MANUSCRIPT STYLE
Credits
Index