Elementary Statistics

Part One. Descriptive Statistics 1. Introduction to Statistics1.1. An Overview of Statistics1.2. Data Classification1.3. Data Collection and Experimental Design 2. Descriptive Statistics2.1. Frequency Distributions and Their Graphs2.2. More Graphs and Displays2.3. Measures of Central Tendency2.4. Measures of Variation2.5. Measures of Position Part Two. Probability & Probability Distributions 3. Probability3.1. Basic Concepts of Probability and Counting3.2. Conditional Probability and the Multiplication Rule3.3. The Addition Rule3.4. Additional Topics in Probability and Counting 4. Discrete Probability Distributions4.1. Probability Distributions4.2. Binomial Distributions4.3. More Discrete Probability Distributions 5. Normal Probability Distributions5.1. Introduction to Normal Distributions and the Standard Normal Distribution5.2. Normal Distributions: Finding Probabilities5.3. Normal Distributions: Finding Values5.4. Sampling Distributions and the Central Limit Theorem5.5. Normal Approximations to Binomial Distributions Part Three. Statistical Inference 6. Confidence Intervals6.1. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Large Samples)6.2. Confidence Intervals for the Mean (Small Samples)6.3. Confidence Intervals for Population Proportions6.4. Confidence Intervals for Variance and Standard Deviation 7. Hypothesis Testing with One Sample7.1. Introduction to Hypothesis Testing7.2. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Large Samples)7.3. Hypothesis Testing for the Mean (Small Samples)7.4. Hypothesis Testing for Proportions7.5. Hypothesis Testing for Variance and Standard Deviation 8. Hypothesis Testing with Two Samples8.1. Testing the Difference Between Means (Large Independent Samples)8.2. Testing the Difference Between Means (Small Independent Samples)8.3. Testing the Difference Between Means (Dependent Samples)8.4. Testing the Difference Between Proportions Part Four. More Statistical Inference 9. Correlation and Regression9.1 Correlation9.2. Linear Regression9.3. Measures of Regression and Prediction Intervals9.4. Multiple Regression 10. Chi-Square Tests and the F-Distribution10.1. Goodness-of-Fit Test10.2. Independence10.3. Comparing Two Variances10.4. Analysis of Variance 11. Nonparametric Tests11.1. The Sign Test11.2. The Wilcoxon Tests11.3. The Kruskal-Wallis Test11.4. Rank Correlation11.5. The Runs Test Appendix A. Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal Distribution Standard Normal Distribution Table (0-to-z) Alternative Presentation of the Standard Normal DistributionAppendix B. Tables Table 1 Random Numbers Table 2 Binomial Distribution Table 3 Poisson Distribution Table 4 Standard Normal Distribution Table 5 t-Distribution Table 6 Chi-Square Distribution Table 7 F-Distribution Table 8 Critical Values for the Sign Test Table 9 Critical Values for the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Table 10 Critical Values for the Spearman Rank Correlation Table 11 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation Coefficient Table 12 Critical Values for the Number of RunsAppendix C. Normal Probability Plots and Their Graphs Answers to the Try It Yourself ExercisesOdd AnswersIndexPhoto Credits