Regulating Autonomous Vessels

Foreword

List of Abbreviations



1 Introduction

1.?1 Aim and Objectives

1.?2 Scope and Outline



2 Autonomous Shipping Technology

2.?1 Maritime Autonomy as a Concept

2.??1.1 Autonomy and Automation

2.??1.2 Vessel Operation without Human Presence on Board

2.??1.3 Autonomy and Manning

2.??1.4 Degrees of Autonomy

2.??1.5 Conclusions

2.?2 Technical Development and Research Projects

2.?3 Economic, Safety, Security, and Environmental Aspects

2.??3.1 Economic Aspects

2.??3.2 Safety and Security Aspects

2.??3.3 Environmental Aspects

2.??3.4 Conclusions



3 International Regulatory Framework for Commercial Shipping

3.?1 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

3.??1.1 Flag State Jurisdiction

3.??1.2 The Zonal Approach

3.??1.3 Coastal State Jurisdiction

3.?2 Port State Jurisdiction

3.??2.1 Access to Ports

3.??2.2 Port State Control

3.??2.3 Conclusions

3.?3 The imo and unclos

3.??3.1 The Competent International Organization

3.??3.2 Generally Accepted International Rules and Standards

3.??3.3 High-Priority Instruments for mass

3.??3.4 Conclusions

3.?4 The International Maritime Organization

3.??4.1 Structure

3.??4.2 Law-Making and Implementation Activities

3.?5 Conclusions



4 mass and the International Legal Framework

4.?1 Principle of Mutual Recognition

4.?2 Interpretation of International Law

4.?3 The Regulatory Scoping Exercise of the imo

4.?4 Legal Gaps for mass in the Current Legal Framework

4.??4.1 Flag State Registration and Genuine Link

4.??4.2 Safety at Sea

4.??4.3 Search and Rescue

4.??4.4 Conclusions

4.?5 National Regulatory Activities on mass

4.??5.1 Finland

4.??5.2 Norway

4.??5.3 United Kingdom

4.??5.4 France

4.?6 Conclusions



5 Means to Adapt the Legal Framework to mass

5.?1 Requirements and Recommendations for mass Regulation

5.?2 Law and Regulation

5.??2.1 Soft Law

5.??2.2 Rational Choice Theory

5.??2.3 Conclusions

5.?3 Regulation at the International Level

5.??3.1 Non-binding Instruments of the imo

5.??3.2 Amendments to the International Legal Framework

5.??3.3 A New mass Convention

5.??3.4 Decision of a Conference of the State Parties

5.??3.5 Generally Accepted International Rules and Standards

5.??3.6 Customary International Law and Subsequent State Practice

5.??3.7 Conclusions

5.?4 Regulation at the Regional Level

5.??4.1 Regional Cooperation

??4.2 Maritime Cooperation in Northern and Western Europe

5.??4.3 Admissibility of an Inter-se Agreement

5.??4.4 A Regional mass Convention

5.??4.5 Conclusions

5.?5 Regulation at the Supranational Level

5.??5.1 EU Competence and Available Instruments

5.??5.2 Self-standing Act

5.??5.3 Implementing Act

5.??5.4 Conclusions



Conclusions and Outlook



References

Table of Cases

International Court of Justice

Court of Justice of the European Union

Other Court Cases

IMO Documents

Council of the International Maritime Organization

Maritime Safety Committee

Marine Environmental Protection Committee

Facilitation Committee

Legal Committee

Intersessional Working Group on MASS

Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization

Internationl Conventions and Statutory Instruments

International Conventions

EU Statutory Instruments

EEA Joint Committee

Other Statutory Instruments

Index