Insecticide Microbiology
Published on 8. December 2011
Book
Paperback/Softback
XVI, 270 pages
978-3-642-69919-1 (ISBN)
Description
Of all the food produced in the world one third is lost to insect pests, weeds and diseases, and the total world population is estimated as growing from 4000 million in 1975 to about 6000 million by the year 2000. To satisfy these needs, the world's farmers must meet the extra requirement every year. The easiest way in which farmers can increase the amount of food they produce is to prevent the loss due to pests. The biological control measures which were once thought to be the safest methods of pest control have, as we now know, not proved successful on a commercial scale. In such a dismal situation the only solution is to use pesticides to save the losses from pests and to increase the crop yield. Apart from agriculture, pesticides have also contributed much to human com fort by controlling the vectors of typhoid, malaria, sleeping sickness, filariasis, dengue hemorrhage fever, plague etc. On the other hand, the indiscriminate use of insecticides and their harmful effects on nontarget organisms has attracted much attention from people in all walks of life, for example, scientists, administrators, the press and the public. The harmful effects of insecticides on higher organisms such as birds, fish and mammals are easy to observe and have received much attention. However, the interactions of insecticides with microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae and protozoa have gone unnoticed until recently.
More details
Edition
Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1984
Language
English
Place of publication
Berlin
Germany
Publishing group
Springer Berlin
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Research
Illustrations
XVI, 270 p.
Dimensions
Height: 244 mm
Width: 170 mm
Thickness: 16 mm
Weight
508 gr
ISBN-13
978-3-642-69919-1 (9783642699191)
DOI
10.1007/978-3-642-69917-7
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
R. Lal
Insecticide Microbiology
Book
11/1984
Springer
€85.55
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Persons
Content
1 Introduction.- 2 Insecticides and Microbial Environments.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Classification of Insecticides.- 3 Microbial Environments.- 4 Entry and Dispersal of Insecticides in Microbial Environments.- References.- 3 Experimental, Methodological and Analytical Approach to the Study of Microbe-Insecticide Interactions.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Accumulation.- 3 Metabolism.- 4 Analytical Implications.- 5 Effects.- References.- 4 Microbial Accumulation of Insecticides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Quantitative Aspects.- 3 Bioconcentration.- 4 Bioconcentration Factors and Biomagnification.- 5 Patterns of Accumulation.- 6 Factors Affecting Microbial Accumulation of Insecticides.- 7 Mechanisms of Accumulation.- 8 Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.- 5 Metabolism of Insecticides by Microorganisms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Adaptation and Enrichment Techniques.- 3 Organophosphates.- 4 Dithioates.- 4.1 Azinophosmethyl (Gusathion).- 4.2 Malathion.- 5 Carbamates.- 6 Organochlorines.- 7 Pesticide Combination.- 8 Microorganisms and Pesticide Waste Treatment.- 9 Conclusions.- References.- 6 Enzymes Associated with the Microbial Metabolism of Insecticides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Fundamental Reactions of Insecticide Metabolism.- 3 Organophosphates.- 4 Carbamates.- 5 Miscellaneous Enzyme Reactions.- 6 Discussion.- 7 Directions and Goals.- References.- 7 Genetic Engineering and Biological Detoxification/Degradation of Insecticides.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Insecticides, Microbes and Enzymes.- 3 Cellular Location of Detoxification/Degradation Genes.- 4 Genetic Engineering.- 5 Conclusion.- References.- 8 Effects of Insecticides on Soil Microorganisms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Soil Microbial Populations.- 3 Ammonification.- 4 Nitrification.- 5 Denitrification.- 6 Biological Nitrogen Fixation.- 7 Respiration.-8 Soil Enzymes.- 9 Plant Pathogenic Microflora.- References.- 9 Effects of Insecticides on Algae.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Direct Effects.- 3 Factors Influencing Microbe/Insecticide Interactions.- 4 Secondary Effects.- 5 Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.- 10 Cytological and Biochemical Effects of Insecticides on Microorganisms.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Cell Membranes.- 3 Energy Production, Enzymes and Metabolic Pathways.- 4 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis.- 5 Photosynthesis.- 6 Cell Morphology.- 7 Conclusions and Future Prospects.- References.