A Companion to Bioethics

List of Contributors xi Acknowledgments xiii Part I Introduction 1 1 What Is Bioethics? A Historical Introduction 3 Helga Kuhse and Peter Singer Part II Questions About Bioethics 13 2 Ethical Theory and Bioethics 15 James Rachels 3 Culture and Bioethics 24 Segun Gbadegesin 4 Gender and Bioethics 36 Jan Crosthwaite 5 Religion and Bioethics 46 Eric Gregory 6 Law and Bioethics 56 Wibren van der Burg Part III Ethical Approaches 65 7 A Principle-based Approach 67 James F. Childress 8 Exceptionless Rule Approaches 77 Joseph Boyle 9 A Utilitarian Approach 85 R. M. Hare 10 A Virtue Ethics Approach 91 Justin Oakley 11 A Care Approach 105 Rita C. Manning 12 A Case Approach 117 John D. Arras Part IV Before Birth: Issues Involving Embryos and Fetuses 127 13 Personhood 129 Michael Tooley 14 Abortion 140 Mary Anne Warren 15 Mother-Fetus Conflict 149 Bonnie Steinbock Part V Issues In Reproduction 161 16 Population 163 Margaret Pabst Battin 17 Assisted Reproduction, Prenatal Testing, and Sex Selection 178 Laura M. Purdy 18 Cloning 193 Gregory Pence Part VI The New Genetics 205 19 Gene Therapy 207 Ruth Chadwick 20 Genetic Enhancement 216 Julian Savulescu 21 Creating and Patenting New Life Forms 235 Nils Holtug 22 Genetic Counseling, Testing, and Screening 245 Angus Clarke Part VII Life and Death Issues 261 23 Medical Decisions at the End of Life 263 Dan W. Brock 24 Severely Disabled Newborns 274 Eike-Henner W. Kluge 25 Death, Brain Death, and Persistent Vegetative State 286 Jeff McMahan 26 Advance Directives 299 Alexander Morgan Capron 27 Voluntary Euthanasia, Suicide, and Physician-assisted Suicide 312 Brian Stoffell 28 The Slippery Slope Argument 321 Govert den Hartogh Part VIII Resource Allocation 333 29 Deciding Between Patients 335 John Harris 30 Society's Allocation of Resources for Health 351 Daniel Wikler and Sarah Marchand 31 Is There a Right to Health Care and, If So, What Does It Encompass? 362 Norman Daniels Part IX Organ Donations 373 32 A World of Transferable Parts 375 Janet Radcliffe Richards Part X Global Health-care Issues 391 33 Global Health Responsibilities 393 Christopher Lowry and Udo Schüklenk 34 Developing World Challenges 404 Udo Schüklenk, Michael Kottow, and Peter A. Sy 35 Global Pharmaceutical Markets 417 Kevin Outterson and Donald W. Light 36 Infectious Disease 430 Michael J. Selgelid 37 AIDS as a Global Health Emergency 441 Udo Schüklenk Part XI Experimentation With Humans and Animals 455 38 Research Involving Human Beings 457 Florencia Luna and Ruth Macklin 39 Regulating Experimentation in Research and Medical Practice 469 Paul Ulhas Macneill 40 Research Using Preimplantation Human Embryos 487 Mary Warnock and Peter Braude 41 The Moral Status of Animals and Their Use As Experimental Subjects 495 Bernard E. Rollin PART XII Ethical Issues in the Practice of Health Care 511 42 Confidentiality 513 Raanan Gillon and Daniel K. Sokol 43 Truth-telling 520 Roger Higgs 44 Informed Consent and Patient Autonomy 530 Robert Young 45 Patients Doubtfully Capable or Incapable of Consent 541 Carl Elliott 46 Ethics in Nursing Practice 551 Janet L. Storch 47 Global Trends in Nursing Ethics 563 Verena Tschudin Part XIII The Teaching and Practice of Bioethics 571 48 Ethics Committees and Ethics Consultants 573 Jonathan D. Moreno 49 Teaching Ethics in the Health Professions 584 Lynn Gillam Index 594