Applied Digital Optics
From Micro-optics to Nanophotonics
Published on 27. October 2009
Book
Hardback
638 pages
978-0-470-02263-4 (ISBN)
Description
Applied Digital Optics details the design, fabrication, packaging, and operation of DOEs and their use in applications at the nano and micro level. Modeling techniques are introduced and the authors provide illustrations of the design and simulation of nano-photonic devices and MEMS. The book includes material on sub-wavelength and nano-structured optics and covers the integration of MEMS and photonic crystal technology. A chapter on applications provides a chronological survey of key digital optics applications and includes information on economic impact of the latest technology developments. Aimed at professional engineers working in the microelectronics industries, this book highlights the use of digital optical elements in the expanding MEMS and nanoelectronics.
Reviews / Votes
"A volume that many engineers and students have been waiting for! Written by two eminent researchers in the field Bernard Kress and Patrick Meyrueis, Applied Digital Optics fulfils a real need for many." ( Current Engineering Practice , 2010) "Summing up, a gem of a book those involved in digital optics cannot do without. The wide-ranging discussion of applications of digital optics will be recognized and highly regarded as a part of the armamentarium essential for anyone who wants to be brought up to date on what has been happening and what is happening in the field. It will inspire even more innovation and progress in an important field". (Current Engineering Practice, 1 November 2010)More details
Edition
1. Auflage
Language
English
Place of publication
Hoboken
United States
Publishing group
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Illustrations
Illustrations
Dimensions
Height: 25.2 cm
Width: 17.6 cm
Thickness: 3.9 cm
Weight
1206 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-470-02263-4 (9780470022634)
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
E-Book
11/2009
Wiley
€108.99
Available for download
Persons
Bernard Kress has been involved in the field of digital optics since the late 1980s. He is an associate professor at the University of Strasbourg, France, teaching digital optics. For the last 15 years Dr Kress has been developing technologies and products related to digital optics. He has been working with established industries around the world and with start-ups in the Silicon Valley, California, with applications ranging from optical data storage, optical telecom, military and homeland security applications, LED and laser displays, industrial and medical sensors, biotechnology systems, optical security devices, high power laser material processing, to consumer electronics. He is on the advisory boards of various photonics companies in the US and has also been advising venture capital firms in the Silicon Valley for due diligence reviews in photonics, especially in micro- and nano-optics. He holds more than 25 patents based on digital optics technology and applications, and is the author of more than 100 papers on this subject. He has taught several short courses given at SPIE conferences. His first book on digital optics, Digital Diffractive Optics (2000), was published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and has been translated into Japanese in 2005 (published by Wiley-Maruzen). He is also the author of a chapter in the best seller Optical System Design (2007), edited by R. Fisher and published by McGraw-Hill. Bernard Kress can be contacted at bernard@applieddigitaloptics.com . Patrick Meyrueis is full professor at the University of Strasbourg since 1986 (formerly Louis Pasteur University). He is the founder of the Photonics Systems Laboratory which is now one of the most advanced labs in the field of planar digital optics. He is the author of more than 200 publications and was the chairman of more than 20 international conferences in photonics. He was the representative of the Rhenaphotonics cluster and one of the founders of the CNOP in 2001 (national French committee of optics and photonics). He is now acting as the scientific director of the Photonics Systems Lab and the head of the PhD and undergraduate program in the ENSPS National School of Physics in Strasbourg.
Content
About the Authors
Foreword by Professor Joseph Goodman
Foreword by Professor Trevor Hall
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction
Why a Book on Digital Optics?
Digital versus Analog
What are Digital Optics?
The Realm of Digital Optics
1 From Refraction to Diffraction
1.1 Refraction and Diffraction Phenomena
1.2 Understanding the Diffraction Phenomenon
1.3 No More Parasitic Effects
1.4 From Refractive Optics to Diffractive Optics
1.5 From Diffractive Optics to Digital Optics
1.6 Are Diffractives and Refractives Interchangeable Elements?
2 Classification of Digital Optics
2.1 Early Digital Optics
2.2 Guided-wave Digital Optics
2.3 Free-space Digital Optics
2.4 Hybrid Digital Optics
3 Guided-wave Digital Optics
3.1 From Optical Fibers to Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs)
3.2 Light Propagation in Waveguides
3.3 The Optical Fiber
3.4 The Dielectric Slab Waveguide
3.5 Channel Waveguides
3.6 PLC In- and Out-coupling
3.7 Functionality Integration
4 Refractive Micro-optics
4.1 Micro-optics in Nature
4.2 GRIN Lenses
4.3 Surface-relief Micro-optics
4.4 Micro-optics Arrays
5 Digital Diffractive Optics: Analytic Type
5.1 Analytic and Numeric Digital Diffractives
5.2 The Notion of Diffraction Orders
5.3 Diffraction Gratings
5.4 Diffractive Optical Elements
5.5 Diffractive Interferogram Lenses
6 Digital Diffractive Optics: Numeric Type
6.1 Computer-generated Holograms
6.2 Designing CGHs
6.3 Multiplexing CGHs
6.4 Various CGH Functionality Implementations
7 Digital Hybrid Optics
7.1 Why Combine Different Optical Elements?
7.2 Analysis of Lens Aberrations
7.3 Improvement of Optical Functionality
7.4 The Generation of Novel Optical Functionality
7.5 Waveguide-based Hybrid Optics
7.6 Reducing Weight, Size and Cost
7.7 Specifying Hybrid Optics in Optical CAD/CAM
7.8 A Parametric Design Example of Hybrid Optics via Ray-tracing Techniques
8 Digital Holographic Optics
8.1 Conventional Holography
8.2 Different Types of Holograms
8.3 Unique Features of Holograms
8.4 Modeling the Behavior of Volume Holograms
8.5 HOE Lenses
8.6 HOE Design Tools
8.7 Holographic Origination Techniques
8.8 Holographic Materials for HOEs
8.9 Other Holographic Techniques
9 Dynamic Digital Optics
9.1 An Introduction to Dynamic Digital Optics
9.2 Switchable Digital Optics
9.3 Tunable Digital Optics
9.4 Reconfigurable Digital Optics
9.5 Digital Software Lenses: Wavefront Coding
10 Digital Nano-optics
10.1 The Concept of 'Nano' in Optics
10.2 Sub-wavelength Gratings
10.3 Modeling Sub-wavelength Gratings
10.4 Engineering Effective Medium Optical Elements
10.5 Form Birefringence Materials
10.6 Guided Mode Resonance Gratings
10.7 Surface Plasmonics
10.8 Photonic Crystals
10.9 Optical Metamaterials
11 Digital Optics Modeling Techniques
11.1 Tools Based on Ray Tracing
11.2 Scalar Diffraction Based Propagators
11.3 Beam Propagation Modeling (BPM) Methods
11.4 Nonparaxial Diffraction Regime Issues
11.5 Rigorous Electromagnetic Modeling Techniques
11.6 Digital Optics Design and Modeling Tools Available Today
11.7 Practical Paraxial Numeric Modeling Examples
12 Digital Optics Fabrication Techniques
12.1 Holographic Origination
12.2 Diamond Tool Machining
12.3 Photo-reduction
12.4 Microlithographic Fabrication of Digital Optics
12.5 Micro-refractive Element Fabrication Techniques
12.6 Direct Writing Techniques
12.7 Gray-scale Optical Lithography
12.8 Front/Back Side Wafer Alignments and Wafer Stacks
12.9 A Summary of Fabrication Techniques
13 Design for Manufacturing
13.1 The Lithographic Challenge
13.2 Software Solutions: Reticle Enhancement Techniques
13.3 Hardware Solutions
13.4 Process Solutions
14 Replication Techniques for Digital Optics
14.1 The LIGA Process
14.2 Mold Generation Techniques
14.3 Embossing Techniques
14.4 The UV Casting Process
14.5 Injection Molding Techniques
14.6 The Sol-Gel Process
14.7 The Nano-replication Process
14.8 A Summary of Replication Technologies
15 Specifying and Testing Digital Optics
15.1 Fabless Lithographic Fabrication Management
15.2 Specifying the Fabrication Process
15.3 Fabrication Evaluation
15.4 Optical Functionality Evaluation
16 Digital Optics Application Pools
16.1 Heavy Industry
16.2 Defense, Security and Space
16.3 Clean Energy
16.4 Factory Automation
16.5 Optical Telecoms
16.6 Biomedical Applications
16.7 Entertainment and Marketing
16.8 Consumer Electronics
16.9 Summary
16.10 The Future of Digital Optics
Conclusion
Appendix A: Rigorous Theory of Diffraction
A.1 Maxwell's Equations
A.2 Wave Propagation and the Wave Equation
A.3 Towards a Scalar Field Representation
Appendix B: The Scalar Theory of Diffraction
B.1 Full Scalar Theory
B.2 Scalar Diffraction Models for Digital Optics
B.3 Extended Scalar Models
Appendix C: FFTs and DFTs in Optics
C.1 The Fourier Transform in Optics Today
C.2 Conditions for the Existence of the Fourier Transform
C.3 The Complex Fourier Transform
C.4 The Discrete Fourier Transform
C.5 The Properties of the Fourier Transform and Examples in Optics
C.6 Other Transforms
Index
Foreword by Professor Joseph Goodman
Foreword by Professor Trevor Hall
Acknowledgments
Acronyms
Introduction
Why a Book on Digital Optics?
Digital versus Analog
What are Digital Optics?
The Realm of Digital Optics
1 From Refraction to Diffraction
1.1 Refraction and Diffraction Phenomena
1.2 Understanding the Diffraction Phenomenon
1.3 No More Parasitic Effects
1.4 From Refractive Optics to Diffractive Optics
1.5 From Diffractive Optics to Digital Optics
1.6 Are Diffractives and Refractives Interchangeable Elements?
2 Classification of Digital Optics
2.1 Early Digital Optics
2.2 Guided-wave Digital Optics
2.3 Free-space Digital Optics
2.4 Hybrid Digital Optics
3 Guided-wave Digital Optics
3.1 From Optical Fibers to Planar Lightwave Circuits (PLCs)
3.2 Light Propagation in Waveguides
3.3 The Optical Fiber
3.4 The Dielectric Slab Waveguide
3.5 Channel Waveguides
3.6 PLC In- and Out-coupling
3.7 Functionality Integration
4 Refractive Micro-optics
4.1 Micro-optics in Nature
4.2 GRIN Lenses
4.3 Surface-relief Micro-optics
4.4 Micro-optics Arrays
5 Digital Diffractive Optics: Analytic Type
5.1 Analytic and Numeric Digital Diffractives
5.2 The Notion of Diffraction Orders
5.3 Diffraction Gratings
5.4 Diffractive Optical Elements
5.5 Diffractive Interferogram Lenses
6 Digital Diffractive Optics: Numeric Type
6.1 Computer-generated Holograms
6.2 Designing CGHs
6.3 Multiplexing CGHs
6.4 Various CGH Functionality Implementations
7 Digital Hybrid Optics
7.1 Why Combine Different Optical Elements?
7.2 Analysis of Lens Aberrations
7.3 Improvement of Optical Functionality
7.4 The Generation of Novel Optical Functionality
7.5 Waveguide-based Hybrid Optics
7.6 Reducing Weight, Size and Cost
7.7 Specifying Hybrid Optics in Optical CAD/CAM
7.8 A Parametric Design Example of Hybrid Optics via Ray-tracing Techniques
8 Digital Holographic Optics
8.1 Conventional Holography
8.2 Different Types of Holograms
8.3 Unique Features of Holograms
8.4 Modeling the Behavior of Volume Holograms
8.5 HOE Lenses
8.6 HOE Design Tools
8.7 Holographic Origination Techniques
8.8 Holographic Materials for HOEs
8.9 Other Holographic Techniques
9 Dynamic Digital Optics
9.1 An Introduction to Dynamic Digital Optics
9.2 Switchable Digital Optics
9.3 Tunable Digital Optics
9.4 Reconfigurable Digital Optics
9.5 Digital Software Lenses: Wavefront Coding
10 Digital Nano-optics
10.1 The Concept of 'Nano' in Optics
10.2 Sub-wavelength Gratings
10.3 Modeling Sub-wavelength Gratings
10.4 Engineering Effective Medium Optical Elements
10.5 Form Birefringence Materials
10.6 Guided Mode Resonance Gratings
10.7 Surface Plasmonics
10.8 Photonic Crystals
10.9 Optical Metamaterials
11 Digital Optics Modeling Techniques
11.1 Tools Based on Ray Tracing
11.2 Scalar Diffraction Based Propagators
11.3 Beam Propagation Modeling (BPM) Methods
11.4 Nonparaxial Diffraction Regime Issues
11.5 Rigorous Electromagnetic Modeling Techniques
11.6 Digital Optics Design and Modeling Tools Available Today
11.7 Practical Paraxial Numeric Modeling Examples
12 Digital Optics Fabrication Techniques
12.1 Holographic Origination
12.2 Diamond Tool Machining
12.3 Photo-reduction
12.4 Microlithographic Fabrication of Digital Optics
12.5 Micro-refractive Element Fabrication Techniques
12.6 Direct Writing Techniques
12.7 Gray-scale Optical Lithography
12.8 Front/Back Side Wafer Alignments and Wafer Stacks
12.9 A Summary of Fabrication Techniques
13 Design for Manufacturing
13.1 The Lithographic Challenge
13.2 Software Solutions: Reticle Enhancement Techniques
13.3 Hardware Solutions
13.4 Process Solutions
14 Replication Techniques for Digital Optics
14.1 The LIGA Process
14.2 Mold Generation Techniques
14.3 Embossing Techniques
14.4 The UV Casting Process
14.5 Injection Molding Techniques
14.6 The Sol-Gel Process
14.7 The Nano-replication Process
14.8 A Summary of Replication Technologies
15 Specifying and Testing Digital Optics
15.1 Fabless Lithographic Fabrication Management
15.2 Specifying the Fabrication Process
15.3 Fabrication Evaluation
15.4 Optical Functionality Evaluation
16 Digital Optics Application Pools
16.1 Heavy Industry
16.2 Defense, Security and Space
16.3 Clean Energy
16.4 Factory Automation
16.5 Optical Telecoms
16.6 Biomedical Applications
16.7 Entertainment and Marketing
16.8 Consumer Electronics
16.9 Summary
16.10 The Future of Digital Optics
Conclusion
Appendix A: Rigorous Theory of Diffraction
A.1 Maxwell's Equations
A.2 Wave Propagation and the Wave Equation
A.3 Towards a Scalar Field Representation
Appendix B: The Scalar Theory of Diffraction
B.1 Full Scalar Theory
B.2 Scalar Diffraction Models for Digital Optics
B.3 Extended Scalar Models
Appendix C: FFTs and DFTs in Optics
C.1 The Fourier Transform in Optics Today
C.2 Conditions for the Existence of the Fourier Transform
C.3 The Complex Fourier Transform
C.4 The Discrete Fourier Transform
C.5 The Properties of the Fourier Transform and Examples in Optics
C.6 Other Transforms
Index