Psychological Science
Modeling Scientific Literacy (paperback)
Published on 29. February 2012
Book
Paperback/Softback
784 pages
978-0-205-25586-3 (ISBN)
Description
Helping students become scientifically literate.
Psychological Science: Modeling Scientific Literacy helps students view psychology as a practical, modern science-and gives them the tools to better understand their world.
Organized around a scientific literacy model, the text's content and features encourage scientific inquiry, prompting students to ask a series of scientific-minded questions about each topic. All aspects of the book-the topics covered, learning objectives, quizzes, even the modular format-have been developed to enable students to categorize the overwhelming amount of information they encounter, and to ignite their interest in psychological science.
To ensure that scientific literacy is at the core, content and features are organized around a scientific literacy model asking students:
o What do we know about this?
o How can science help to explain this?
o Can we critically evaluate the evidence?
o Why is this relevant?
Teaching & Learning Experience
Personalize Learning - The new MyPsychLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals.
Improve Critical Thinking - Features have been carefully chosen to reinforce the development of complex thinking skills.
Engage Students - Substantial end-of-chapter materials and the new MyPsychLab Video Series provide an interactive educational experience for students. YouTube links direct students to highly relevant and engaging video content.
Explore Research - Research methodology is included and explored throughout the text to improve students' scientific literacy skills.
Understand Culture and Diversity - A Biopsychosocial Perspectives feature reminds students that behavior is affected by biology, individual thoughts and experiences, and social and cultural factors.
Support Instructors - An Annotated Instructor's Edition, Test Bank (both print and computerized), Interactive PowerPoints, and the new MyPsychLab Video Series are just some of the resources available which provide instructors with the ultimate supplements package.
Note: MyPsychLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyPsychLab, please visit: www.mypsychlab.com or you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyPsychLab (at no additional cost). Valuepack ISBN-10: 0205743684 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205743681
VIDEO: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ab/krause_ips_1/video.html
Psychological Science: Modeling Scientific Literacy helps students view psychology as a practical, modern science-and gives them the tools to better understand their world.
Organized around a scientific literacy model, the text's content and features encourage scientific inquiry, prompting students to ask a series of scientific-minded questions about each topic. All aspects of the book-the topics covered, learning objectives, quizzes, even the modular format-have been developed to enable students to categorize the overwhelming amount of information they encounter, and to ignite their interest in psychological science.
To ensure that scientific literacy is at the core, content and features are organized around a scientific literacy model asking students:
o What do we know about this?
o How can science help to explain this?
o Can we critically evaluate the evidence?
o Why is this relevant?
Teaching & Learning Experience
Personalize Learning - The new MyPsychLab delivers proven results in helping students succeed, provides engaging experiences that personalize learning, and comes from a trusted partner with educational expertise and a deep commitment to helping students and instructors achieve their goals.
Improve Critical Thinking - Features have been carefully chosen to reinforce the development of complex thinking skills.
Engage Students - Substantial end-of-chapter materials and the new MyPsychLab Video Series provide an interactive educational experience for students. YouTube links direct students to highly relevant and engaging video content.
Explore Research - Research methodology is included and explored throughout the text to improve students' scientific literacy skills.
Understand Culture and Diversity - A Biopsychosocial Perspectives feature reminds students that behavior is affected by biology, individual thoughts and experiences, and social and cultural factors.
Support Instructors - An Annotated Instructor's Edition, Test Bank (both print and computerized), Interactive PowerPoints, and the new MyPsychLab Video Series are just some of the resources available which provide instructors with the ultimate supplements package.
Note: MyPsychLab does not come automatically packaged with this text. To purchase MyPsychLab, please visit: www.mypsychlab.com or you can purchase a valuepack of the text + MyPsychLab (at no additional cost). Valuepack ISBN-10: 0205743684 / ValuePack ISBN-13: 9780205743681
VIDEO: http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ab/krause_ips_1/video.html
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 276 mm
Width: 229 mm
Weight
1470 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-25586-3 (9780205255863)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Book
12/2015
2nd Edition
Pearson
€196.83
Article is exhausted; no reprint
Persons
Dr. Mark Krause received his Bachelor's and Master's degrees at Central Washington University, and his PhD at the University of Tennessee in 2000. He completed a post-doctoral appointment at the University of Texas at Austin where he studied classical conditioning of sexual behavior in birds. Following this, Krause accepted a research fellowship through the National Institute of Aging to conduct research on cognitive neuroscience at Oregon Health and Sciences University. He has conducted research and published on pointing and communication in chimpanzees, predatory behavior in snakes, the behavioral and brain basis of conditioned sexual behavior, and the influence of testosterone on cognition and brain function. Krause began his teaching career as a doctoral candidate and continued to pursue this passion even during research appointments. His teaching includes courses in general psychology, learning and memory, and behavioral neuroscience. Krause is currently an associate professor of psychology at Southern Oregon University, where his focus is on teaching, writing, and supervising student research. He spends his spare time riding and racing his bike, cooking, reading, and enjoying Oregon's outdoors.
Dr. Daniel Corts received his B.S. in Psychology from Belmont University and his PhD in Experimental Psychology at the University of Tennessee in 1999. He completed a post-doctoral position at Furman University for one year where he focused on the teaching of psychology. Corts is now Associate Professor of Psychology at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL, where he has been for over 10 years. While in graduate school, he focused on language and gesture production. He has since branched out to explore intentional forgetting, and has also published in the area of college student development. Corts also likes to conduct research in just about any topic his students wish to explore. In his spare time, he enjoys spending time with his two children, traveling, camping, and cooking.
Dr. Daniel Corts received his B.S. in Psychology from Belmont University and his PhD in Experimental Psychology at the University of Tennessee in 1999. He completed a post-doctoral position at Furman University for one year where he focused on the teaching of psychology. Corts is now Associate Professor of Psychology at Augustana College in Rock Island, IL, where he has been for over 10 years. While in graduate school, he focused on language and gesture production. He has since branched out to explore intentional forgetting, and has also published in the area of college student development. Corts also likes to conduct research in just about any topic his students wish to explore. In his spare time, he enjoys spending time with his two children, traveling, camping, and cooking.
Content
IN THIS SECTION:
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
Module 1.1: The Science of Psychology
Module 1.2: How Psychology Became a Science
Module 1.3: Putting Psychology to Work: Careers in Psychology and Related Fields
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
Module 2.1: Principles of Scientific Research
Module 2.2: Scientific Research Designs
Module 2.3: Ethics in Psychological Research
Module 2.4: A Statistical Primer
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
Module 3.1: Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives on Behavior
Module 3.2: How the Nervous System Works: Cells and Neurotransmitters
Module 3.3: Structure and Organization of the Nervous System
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Module 4.1: Sensation and Perception at a Glance
Module 4.2: The Visual System
Module 4.3: The Auditory System
Module 4.4: Touch and the Chemical Senses
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Module 5.1: Biological Rhythms of Consciousness: Wakefulness and Sleep
Module 5.2: Altered States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Disorders
Module 5.3: Drugs and Consciousness Experience
Chapter 6: Learning
Module 6.1: Classical Conditioning: Learning by Association
Module 6.2: Operant Conditioning: Learning through Consequences
Module 6.3: Cognitive and Observational Learning
Chapter 7: Memory
Module 7.1: Memory Systems
Module 7.2: Encoding and Retrieving Memories
Module 7.3 Constructing and Reconstructing Memories
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
Module 8.1: The Organization of Knowledge
Module 8.2: Problem Solving, Judgment, and Decision Making
Module 8.3: Language
Chapter 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
Module 9.1: Measuring Aptitude and Intelligence
Module 9.2: Understanding Intelligence
Module 9.3: Heredity, Environment and Intelligence
Chapter 10: Lifespan Development
Module 10.1: Methods, Concepts and Prenatal Development
Module 10.2: Infancy and Childhood
Module 10.3: Adolescence
Module 10.4: Adulthood and Aging
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
Module 11.1: Hunger & Eating
Module 11.2: Sexual Motivation
Module 11.3: Social and Achievement Motivation
Module 11.4: Emotion
Chapter 12: Personality
Module 12.1: Contemporary Approaches to Personality
Module 12.2: Cultural and Biological Approaches to Personality
Module 12.3: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches to Personality
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
Module 13.1: Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders
Module 13.2: Personality and Dissociative Disorders
Module 13.3: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Module 13.4: Schizophrenia
Chapter 14: Therapies
Module 14.1: Treating Psychological Disorders
Module 14.2: Psychological Therapies
Module 14.3: Biomedical Therapies
Chapter 15: Social Psychology
Module 15.1: Social Cognition
Module 15.2: Social Influences
Module 15.3: Helping and Harming Others
Chapter 16: Health, Stress and Coping
Module 16.1: Behavior and Health
Module 16.2: Stress and Illness
Module 16.3: Coping and Well-Being
Chapter 17: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Module 17.1: Personnel Psychology: Hiring and Maintaining an Effective Workforce
Module 17.2: Attitudes and Affect at Work
Module 17.3: Leadership, Teamwork, and the Organization
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
Module 1.1: The Science of Psychology
The Scientific Method
Building Scientific Literacy
Module Summary
Module 1.2: How Psychology Became a Science
Psychology's Philosophical and Scientific Origins
The Beginnings of Contemporary Psychology
Module Summary
Module 1.3: Putting Psychology to Work: Careers in Psychology and Related Fields
Professions in Psychology
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
Module 2.1: Principles of Scientific Research
The Five Characteristics of Quality Scientific Research
Risky Paths to Truth: Anecdotes, Authority and Common Sense
Module Summary
Module 2.2: Scientific Research Designs
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
Module Summary
Module 2.3: Ethics in Psychological Research
Promoting Welfare of Research Participants
Ethical Collection, Storage, and Reporting of Data
Module Summary
Module 2.4: A Statistical Primer
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis Testing: Evaluating the Outcome of the Study
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
Module 3.1: Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives on Behavior
Heredity and Behavior
Evolutionary Insights into Human Behavior
Module Summary
Module 3.2: How the Nervous System Works: Cells and Neurotransmitters
Neural Communication
The Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Module Summary
Module 3.3: Structure and Organization of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System
The Brain and Its Structures
Windows to the Brain: Measuring and Observing Brain Activity
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Module 4.1: Sensation and Perception at a Glance
Sensing the World around Us
Perceiving the World around Us
Module Summary
Module 4.2: The Visual System
The Human Eye
The Visual Experience
Module Summary
Module 4.3: The Auditory System
Sound and the Structures of the Ear
The Perception of Sound
Module Summary
Module 4.4: Touch and the Chemical Senses
The Sense of Touch
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Module 5.1: Biological Rhythms of Consciousness: Wakefulness and Sleep
What Is Sleep?
Why We Need Sleep
Theories of Dreaming
Disorders and Problems with Sleep
Module Summary
Module 5.2: Altered States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Disorders
Hypnosis
Meditation and Deja Vu
Disorders of Consciousness
Module Summary
Module 5.3: Drugs and Consciousness Experience
Commonly Abused Illegal Drugs
Legal Drugs and Their Effects on Consciousness
Habitual Drug Use
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 6: Learning
Module 6.1: Classical Conditioning: Learning by Association
Pavlov's Dogs: Classical Conditioning of Salivation
Processes of Classical Conditioning
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Learning without Awareness
Module Summary
Module 6.2: Operant Conditioning: Learning through Consequences
Processes of Operant Conditioning
Applications of Operant Conditioning
Module Summary
Module 6.3: Cognitive and Observational Learning
Cognitive Perspectives on Learning
Observational Learning
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 7: Memory
Module 7.1: Memory Systems
The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
The Working Memory Model: An Active STM System
Long-Term Memory Systems: Declarative and Procedural Memories
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory
Module Summary
Module 7.2: Encoding and Retrieving Memories
Encoding and Retrieval
Emotional Memories
Forgetting and Remembering
Module Summary
Module 7.3 Constructing and Reconstructing Memories
How Memories Are Organized and Constructed
False Memories: Constructing Memories of What Never Happened
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
Module 8.1: The Organization of Knowledge
Concepts and Categories
Culture and Categories
Module Summary
Module 8.2: Problem Solving, Judgment, and Decision Making
Defining and Solving Problems
Judgment and Decision Making
Module Summary
Module 8.3: Language
What Is Language?
Language Development, Evolution, and the Brain
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
Module 9.1: Measuring Aptitude and Intelligence
Achievement and Aptitude
Approaches to Intelligence Testing
Module Summary
Module 9.2: Understanding Intelligence
Intelligence as a Single, General Ability
Intelligence as Multiple, Specific Abilities
The Flynn Effect: Is Everyone Getting Smarter?
Module Summary
Module 9.3: Heredity, Environment and Intelligence
Intelligence and Heredity
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Group Similarities and Differences in Test Scores
Beyond the Test: Personal Beliefs Impact IQ Scores
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 10: Lifespan Development
Module 10.1: Methods, Concepts and Prenatal Development
Measuring Developmental Trends: Methods and Patterns
Prenatal to Newborns: From One Cell to Billions
Module Summary
Module 10.2: Infancy and Childhood
Physical Changes in Infancy and Childhood
Cognitive Changes: Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
Social Development: Attachment, Personality, and Reading Others
Module Summary
Module 10.3: Adolescence
Physical Changes in Adolescence
Cognitive Development: Thinking and Moral Reasoning
Social Development: Identity and Relationships
Module Summary
Module 10.4: Adulthood and Aging
Physical Changes in Adulthood
Cognitive Development: Wisdom and Change
Social Development: Intimacy and Commitment
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
Module 11.1: Hunger & Eating
Physiological Aspects of Hunger
Psychological Aspects of Hunger
Disorders of Eating
Module Summary
Module 11.2: Sexual Motivation
Human Sexual Behavior: Psychological and Biological Influences
Sexual Orientation: Biology and Environment
Module Summary
Module 11.3: Social and Achievement Motivation
The Need to Belong
Achievement Motivation
Module Summary
Module 11.4: Emotion
Biology of Emotion
The Psychological Experience of Emotions: Competing Theories
The Role of Culture in Emotions
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 12: Personality
Module 12.1: Contemporary Approaches to Personality
The Trait Perspective
Behaviorist and Social-Cognitive Perspectives
Module Summary
Module 12.2: Cultural and Biological Approaches to Personality
Culture and Personality
How Genes Affect Personality
The Role of Evolution in Personality
The Brain and Personality
Module Summary
Module 12.3: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches to Personality
The Psychodynamic Perspective
Alternatives to the Psychodynamic Approach
Humanistic Perspectives
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
Module 13.1: Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders
Defining Abnormal Behavior
Mental Health in the Public Sphere
Module Summary
Module 13.2: Personality and Dissociative Disorders
Defining and Classifying Personality Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Module Summary
Module 13.3: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Module Summary
Module 13.4: Schizophrenia
Symptoms and Types of Schizophrenia
Explaining Schizophrenia
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 14: Therapies
Module 14.1: Treating Psychological Disorders
Barriers to Psychological Treatment
Mental Health Providers and Settings
Evaluating Treatments
Module Summary
Module 14.2: Psychological Therapies
Insight Therapies
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Group Therapies
Can Therapy Be Harmful?
Module Summary
Module 14.3: Biomedical Therapies
Drug Treatments
Technological and Surgical Methods
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 15: Social Psychology
Module 15.1: Social Cognition
Person Perception
Stereotypes Prejudice and Discrimination
Module Summary
Module 15.2: Social Influences
Norms, Role, and Conformity
Group Influence and Authority
Attitudes and Actions
Module Summary
Module 15.3: Helping and Harming Others
Empathy, Altruism, and Helping
Aggression
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 16: Health, Stress and Coping
Module 16.1: Behavior and Health
Smoking
Obesity
Psychosocial Influences on Health
Quick Quiz
Module Summary
Module 16.2: Stress and Illness
Physiology of Stress
Stress, Immunity, and Illness
Stress, Personality, and Illness
Module Summary
Module 16.3: Coping and Well-Being
Coping
Perceived Control
Mediation, Relaxation, and Biofeedback
Nutrition and Exercise
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 17: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Module 17.1: Personnel Psychology: Hiring and Maintaining an Effective Workforce
Job Analysis: Understanding the Requirements for the Job
Selection: Hiring the Right People
Performance Appraisal
Module Summary
Module 17.2: Attitudes and Affect at Work
Employee Affect, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Workplace Aggression
Module Summary
Module 17.3: Leadership, Teamwork, and the Organization
Finding and Producing Effective Leaders
Working in Teams
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
1.) BRIEF
2.) COMPREHENSIVE
BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
Module 1.1: The Science of Psychology
Module 1.2: How Psychology Became a Science
Module 1.3: Putting Psychology to Work: Careers in Psychology and Related Fields
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
Module 2.1: Principles of Scientific Research
Module 2.2: Scientific Research Designs
Module 2.3: Ethics in Psychological Research
Module 2.4: A Statistical Primer
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
Module 3.1: Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives on Behavior
Module 3.2: How the Nervous System Works: Cells and Neurotransmitters
Module 3.3: Structure and Organization of the Nervous System
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Module 4.1: Sensation and Perception at a Glance
Module 4.2: The Visual System
Module 4.3: The Auditory System
Module 4.4: Touch and the Chemical Senses
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Module 5.1: Biological Rhythms of Consciousness: Wakefulness and Sleep
Module 5.2: Altered States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Disorders
Module 5.3: Drugs and Consciousness Experience
Chapter 6: Learning
Module 6.1: Classical Conditioning: Learning by Association
Module 6.2: Operant Conditioning: Learning through Consequences
Module 6.3: Cognitive and Observational Learning
Chapter 7: Memory
Module 7.1: Memory Systems
Module 7.2: Encoding and Retrieving Memories
Module 7.3 Constructing and Reconstructing Memories
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
Module 8.1: The Organization of Knowledge
Module 8.2: Problem Solving, Judgment, and Decision Making
Module 8.3: Language
Chapter 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
Module 9.1: Measuring Aptitude and Intelligence
Module 9.2: Understanding Intelligence
Module 9.3: Heredity, Environment and Intelligence
Chapter 10: Lifespan Development
Module 10.1: Methods, Concepts and Prenatal Development
Module 10.2: Infancy and Childhood
Module 10.3: Adolescence
Module 10.4: Adulthood and Aging
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
Module 11.1: Hunger & Eating
Module 11.2: Sexual Motivation
Module 11.3: Social and Achievement Motivation
Module 11.4: Emotion
Chapter 12: Personality
Module 12.1: Contemporary Approaches to Personality
Module 12.2: Cultural and Biological Approaches to Personality
Module 12.3: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches to Personality
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
Module 13.1: Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders
Module 13.2: Personality and Dissociative Disorders
Module 13.3: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Module 13.4: Schizophrenia
Chapter 14: Therapies
Module 14.1: Treating Psychological Disorders
Module 14.2: Psychological Therapies
Module 14.3: Biomedical Therapies
Chapter 15: Social Psychology
Module 15.1: Social Cognition
Module 15.2: Social Influences
Module 15.3: Helping and Harming Others
Chapter 16: Health, Stress and Coping
Module 16.1: Behavior and Health
Module 16.2: Stress and Illness
Module 16.3: Coping and Well-Being
Chapter 17: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Module 17.1: Personnel Psychology: Hiring and Maintaining an Effective Workforce
Module 17.2: Attitudes and Affect at Work
Module 17.3: Leadership, Teamwork, and the Organization
COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
Module 1.1: The Science of Psychology
The Scientific Method
Building Scientific Literacy
Module Summary
Module 1.2: How Psychology Became a Science
Psychology's Philosophical and Scientific Origins
The Beginnings of Contemporary Psychology
Module Summary
Module 1.3: Putting Psychology to Work: Careers in Psychology and Related Fields
Professions in Psychology
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
Module 2.1: Principles of Scientific Research
The Five Characteristics of Quality Scientific Research
Risky Paths to Truth: Anecdotes, Authority and Common Sense
Module Summary
Module 2.2: Scientific Research Designs
Descriptive Research
Correlational Research
Experimental Research
Module Summary
Module 2.3: Ethics in Psychological Research
Promoting Welfare of Research Participants
Ethical Collection, Storage, and Reporting of Data
Module Summary
Module 2.4: A Statistical Primer
Descriptive Statistics
Hypothesis Testing: Evaluating the Outcome of the Study
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
Module 3.1: Genetic and Evolutionary Perspectives on Behavior
Heredity and Behavior
Evolutionary Insights into Human Behavior
Module Summary
Module 3.2: How the Nervous System Works: Cells and Neurotransmitters
Neural Communication
The Chemical Messengers: Neurotransmitters and Hormones
Module Summary
Module 3.3: Structure and Organization of the Nervous System
Divisions of the Nervous System
The Brain and Its Structures
Windows to the Brain: Measuring and Observing Brain Activity
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Module 4.1: Sensation and Perception at a Glance
Sensing the World around Us
Perceiving the World around Us
Module Summary
Module 4.2: The Visual System
The Human Eye
The Visual Experience
Module Summary
Module 4.3: The Auditory System
Sound and the Structures of the Ear
The Perception of Sound
Module Summary
Module 4.4: Touch and the Chemical Senses
The Sense of Touch
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Module 5.1: Biological Rhythms of Consciousness: Wakefulness and Sleep
What Is Sleep?
Why We Need Sleep
Theories of Dreaming
Disorders and Problems with Sleep
Module Summary
Module 5.2: Altered States of Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Disorders
Hypnosis
Meditation and Deja Vu
Disorders of Consciousness
Module Summary
Module 5.3: Drugs and Consciousness Experience
Commonly Abused Illegal Drugs
Legal Drugs and Their Effects on Consciousness
Habitual Drug Use
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 6: Learning
Module 6.1: Classical Conditioning: Learning by Association
Pavlov's Dogs: Classical Conditioning of Salivation
Processes of Classical Conditioning
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Learning without Awareness
Module Summary
Module 6.2: Operant Conditioning: Learning through Consequences
Processes of Operant Conditioning
Applications of Operant Conditioning
Module Summary
Module 6.3: Cognitive and Observational Learning
Cognitive Perspectives on Learning
Observational Learning
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 7: Memory
Module 7.1: Memory Systems
The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
The Working Memory Model: An Active STM System
Long-Term Memory Systems: Declarative and Procedural Memories
The Cognitive Neuroscience of Memory
Module Summary
Module 7.2: Encoding and Retrieving Memories
Encoding and Retrieval
Emotional Memories
Forgetting and Remembering
Module Summary
Module 7.3 Constructing and Reconstructing Memories
How Memories Are Organized and Constructed
False Memories: Constructing Memories of What Never Happened
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
Module 8.1: The Organization of Knowledge
Concepts and Categories
Culture and Categories
Module Summary
Module 8.2: Problem Solving, Judgment, and Decision Making
Defining and Solving Problems
Judgment and Decision Making
Module Summary
Module 8.3: Language
What Is Language?
Language Development, Evolution, and the Brain
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 9: Intelligence, Aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
Module 9.1: Measuring Aptitude and Intelligence
Achievement and Aptitude
Approaches to Intelligence Testing
Module Summary
Module 9.2: Understanding Intelligence
Intelligence as a Single, General Ability
Intelligence as Multiple, Specific Abilities
The Flynn Effect: Is Everyone Getting Smarter?
Module Summary
Module 9.3: Heredity, Environment and Intelligence
Intelligence and Heredity
Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Group Similarities and Differences in Test Scores
Beyond the Test: Personal Beliefs Impact IQ Scores
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 10: Lifespan Development
Module 10.1: Methods, Concepts and Prenatal Development
Measuring Developmental Trends: Methods and Patterns
Prenatal to Newborns: From One Cell to Billions
Module Summary
Module 10.2: Infancy and Childhood
Physical Changes in Infancy and Childhood
Cognitive Changes: Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
Social Development: Attachment, Personality, and Reading Others
Module Summary
Module 10.3: Adolescence
Physical Changes in Adolescence
Cognitive Development: Thinking and Moral Reasoning
Social Development: Identity and Relationships
Module Summary
Module 10.4: Adulthood and Aging
Physical Changes in Adulthood
Cognitive Development: Wisdom and Change
Social Development: Intimacy and Commitment
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
Module 11.1: Hunger & Eating
Physiological Aspects of Hunger
Psychological Aspects of Hunger
Disorders of Eating
Module Summary
Module 11.2: Sexual Motivation
Human Sexual Behavior: Psychological and Biological Influences
Sexual Orientation: Biology and Environment
Module Summary
Module 11.3: Social and Achievement Motivation
The Need to Belong
Achievement Motivation
Module Summary
Module 11.4: Emotion
Biology of Emotion
The Psychological Experience of Emotions: Competing Theories
The Role of Culture in Emotions
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 12: Personality
Module 12.1: Contemporary Approaches to Personality
The Trait Perspective
Behaviorist and Social-Cognitive Perspectives
Module Summary
Module 12.2: Cultural and Biological Approaches to Personality
Culture and Personality
How Genes Affect Personality
The Role of Evolution in Personality
The Brain and Personality
Module Summary
Module 12.3: Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches to Personality
The Psychodynamic Perspective
Alternatives to the Psychodynamic Approach
Humanistic Perspectives
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
Module 13.1: Defining and Classifying Psychological Disorders
Defining Abnormal Behavior
Mental Health in the Public Sphere
Module Summary
Module 13.2: Personality and Dissociative Disorders
Defining and Classifying Personality Disorders
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Module Summary
Module 13.3: Anxiety and Mood Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Mood Disorders
Module Summary
Module 13.4: Schizophrenia
Symptoms and Types of Schizophrenia
Explaining Schizophrenia
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 14: Therapies
Module 14.1: Treating Psychological Disorders
Barriers to Psychological Treatment
Mental Health Providers and Settings
Evaluating Treatments
Module Summary
Module 14.2: Psychological Therapies
Insight Therapies
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Group Therapies
Can Therapy Be Harmful?
Module Summary
Module 14.3: Biomedical Therapies
Drug Treatments
Technological and Surgical Methods
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 15: Social Psychology
Module 15.1: Social Cognition
Person Perception
Stereotypes Prejudice and Discrimination
Module Summary
Module 15.2: Social Influences
Norms, Role, and Conformity
Group Influence and Authority
Attitudes and Actions
Module Summary
Module 15.3: Helping and Harming Others
Empathy, Altruism, and Helping
Aggression
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 16: Health, Stress and Coping
Module 16.1: Behavior and Health
Smoking
Obesity
Psychosocial Influences on Health
Quick Quiz
Module Summary
Module 16.2: Stress and Illness
Physiology of Stress
Stress, Immunity, and Illness
Stress, Personality, and Illness
Module Summary
Module 16.3: Coping and Well-Being
Coping
Perceived Control
Mediation, Relaxation, and Biofeedback
Nutrition and Exercise
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus
Chapter 17: Industrial/Organizational Psychology
Module 17.1: Personnel Psychology: Hiring and Maintaining an Effective Workforce
Job Analysis: Understanding the Requirements for the Job
Selection: Hiring the Right People
Performance Appraisal
Module Summary
Module 17.2: Attitudes and Affect at Work
Employee Affect, Attitudes, and Job Satisfaction
Workplace Aggression
Module Summary
Module 17.3: Leadership, Teamwork, and the Organization
Finding and Producing Effective Leaders
Working in Teams
Module Summary
Chapter In Focus