Understanding English Grammar

Most chapters close with 'Key Terms,' 'Sentences for Practice,' 'Questions for Discussion,' and 'Classroom Applications.' I.INTRODUCTION. 1.The Study of Grammar: An Overview. Twentieth-Century Linguistics. The Issue of Correctness. The Question of Standards. Language in the Classroom. Language Variation. Edited American English. Language Change. II.THE GRAMMAR OF BASIC SENTENCES. 2.Sentence Patterns. Chapter Preview. The Sentence Slots. The Be Patterns. The Linking Verb Patterns. The Optional Slots. The Intransitive Verb Pattern. The Transitive Verb Patterns. Exceptions to the Ten Sentence Patterns. Punctuation and the Sentence Patterns. Diagramming the Sentence Patterns. Notes on the Diagram. 3.Expanding the Main Verb. Chapter Preview. The Five Verb Forms. Expanding the Verb. The Modal Auxiliaries. The Subjunctive Mood. Using the Verb Forms. Exceptions to the Rule. The Auxiliary Do. The Passive Voice. The Verb System of African American English. 4.The Noun Phrase Functions: Nominals. Chapter Previe. Form and Function. Nominal Clauses. Nominal Verb Phrases. 5.Transforming the Basic Patterns. Chapter Preview. Interrogative Sentences. The 'Stand-In' Auxiliary. Imperative Sentences. Exclamatory Sentences. Other Sentence Transformations. III.MODIFICATION AND COORDINATION. Form and Function. 6.Modifiers of the Verb: Adverbials. Chapter Preview. Adverbs. Prepositional Phrases. Nouns and Noun Phrases. Verb Phrases. Clauses. Punctuation of Adverbials. 7.Modifiers of the Noun: Adjectivals. Chapter Preview. The Headword. The Prenoun Modifiers. The Postnoun Modifiers. Punctuation of Clauses and Participles. Multiple Modifiers. Other Postnoun Modifiers. Appositives. 8.Sentence Modifiers. Chapter Preview. Nouns of Direct Address: The Vocatives. Interjections. Subordinate Clauses. Absolute Phrases. Appositives. Relative Clauses. 9.Coordination. Chapter Preview. Coordinating Parts of the Sentence. Coordinating Complete Sentences. IV.WORDS AND WORD CLAUSES. 10.Morphemes. Chapter Preview. Bases and Affixes. Bound and Free Morphemes. Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes. Allomorphs. Homonyms. 11.The Form Classes. Chapter Preview. Nouns. Verbs. Adjectives. Adverbs. 12.The Structure Classes. Chapter Preview. Determiners. Auxiliaries. Qualifiers. Prepositions. Conjunctions. Interrogatives. Expletives. Particles. 13.Pronouns. Chapter Preview. Personal Pronouns. Reflexive Pronouns. Intensive Pronouns. Reciprocal Pronouns. Demonstrative Pronouns. Relative Pronouns. Interrogative Pronouns. Indefinite Pronouns. V.GRAMMAR FOR WRITERS. 14.Rhetorical Grammar. Chapter Preview. Cohesion: The Known-New Contract. Sentence Rhythm. Controlling Rhythm. The Passive Voice. The Abstract Subject. Interrupting the Rhythm Pattern. The Shifting A