Printing of Textile Substrates

Preface
Part I
- Printing of Cellulosic Fibres
1. Direct Dyes
- 1. Direct Printing
2. Discharge Printing Under Direct Dyes
- White Discharge
- Sulphoxylate Formaldehyde Method
- Alternate recipe for Neutral White Discharge
- Alkaline discharge with Sodium Sulphoxylate Formaldehyde
- Sodium Bisulphite Method
- Stannous Chloride Method
- Coloured Discharges
- Coloured Discharges with Vat Dyes
- Coloured Discharge Using Solubilised Vat Dyes
- Coloured Discharge Using Solubilised Vat Dyes
- Coloured Discharge with Direct dyes
- Coloured Discharges with Basic Dyes
3. Azoics
- Direct Printing of Azoic Dyes
- Hot solution process
- Cold solution process
- I.Base printing Method
- II. Naphtholate Printing method
- Naphthol Nitrite Padding Method
- Naphthol Nitrite Printing Method
- Steaming methods
- Resist Style Printing Under Azoic Colours
- White Resist on Azoic Ground
- White resist on Navy (Variamin Blue) ground
- Special White Resists under other azoics
- coloured Resist Under Naphthol
- a. Common Method
- b. Special Method of coloured resist
- Special metho d of coloured resist with azoic and reactive dyes
- Coloured resist with Vat dye
- Coloured resist with solubilized vat dye
- Discharge Style printing on Azoic Grounds
- White Discharge
- Coloured Discharge on Azoic Grounds
- Naphtholate Prints
- Solubilized Azoic Colours
- Rapid fast colours
- Rapidogen colours
- Direct Printing
- Rapid fast colours
- Printing Rapid fast Colours alongside Vat and Solubilized vat colours
- Rapidogen Colours
- Conversion style
- Special prints with Naphtholates and Diazo Fast Blue B and Diazo Fast Red B
- Special African print using Naphthol and Phthalogen Blue.
4. Reactive Dyes
- Direct Style Printing
- Various ingredients of Reactive print pastes
- Thickenings
- General
- Functions of the Thickener in a Reactive Print Paste
- Sodium alginate thickenings
- Limitations of natural thickeners (alginates)
- Emulsion thickening
- Semi-emulsion thickenings
- Synthetic thickeners
- Urea
- Alkali
- Preparation of Print Pastes
- Preparation of the Print Paste by dissolution Method- With Emulsion Thickneing
- Stability of print pastes and prints to storage
- MonochloroTriazine or Hot Brand Dyes
- Vinyl Suphone dyes in Printing
- Other Classes of Dyes in Printing
- Washing off of Reactive Prints
- Direct printing with reactive dyes
- Methods of printing of Monochloro-s-triazine dyes
- One phase Prints
- Steaming Method
- Dry heat (Baking) Process
- High Temperature Steaming
- Flash-age Process
- Infra-red Fixation
- Print Dry Process
- Contact Fixation Method
- Reactive printing using synthetic thickener (Two phase printing)
- Mixed thickener system with synthetic thickener
- Printing with cold brand (DCT) dyes
- Steaming process
- Alkali Pad drying process
- Air development process
- Printing with Monofluorotriazine dyes
- Printing with Remazol Dyes (Vinyl Sulphone Dyes)
- Flash ageing method
- Two Phase Prints
- Loop steamer or Pad-steam method
- Reactive printing using synthetic thickener (Two phase printing)
- Reactive printing using synthetic thickener (Two phase printing)
- Flash ager method
- Cold Pad Batch Method
- Caustic Shock Method
- Wet fixation method for Remazols (VS)
- Thermofixation Method
- Fiaxtion by super heated steam
- Non Steaming Method
- Prepreparation method
- Printing methods for (FCP) fluorochloropyrimidine dyes
- Single Phase printing with MFTdyes
- Two phase Printing with DFCP (Difluorochloro pyrimidine)
- Reactive Prints alongside Dyes of other Classess
- Reactive Dyes on Naphtholated Ground
- Reactive dyes Along side Vat Colours
Printing MCT dyes in admixture with other classes of dyes
- Reactive dyes mixing with solubilized vat colours
5. Resist Printing Under Reactive Pad Dyeings
- White resists
- White resists with MCT Dyes
- White resist by Two phase process
- White Resist by Reverse Method
- White resist under reactives
- different method
- White resists under Vinyl Sulphones (Remazols)
- Matt White Resist
- Half Tone Resists
- Coloured Resists
- Coloured Resists under Aniline Black
- After Print Method/ Over print method
- Coloured resists with Vat dyes
- Coloured Resist using solubilized vat dyes
- Coloured resists with pigment dyes
- Preprint
- pad Process
- Wet On Wet Process- Dry on wet Process
- Pigment Resist with High Solvent System (MTO)Pre Print
- Pad System
- Resists using Vinyl Sulphones
- Sulphite Resists
- White Resists by using Bisulphite
- Resin Resists
- Fast colour salt resist under Reactive ground
- White and pigment colour resist under vinyl suIphone reactive dyes
- Reactive colour resist under reactivedyes using special resist agents
- Discharge Prints on Reactive Ground
- White discharge
- Vat Colour Discharges
6. Oxidation Colours
- Aniline Black
- Direct Prints
- Oxidation Black Using Alginate thickener- Sulphur Black
- Resist Prints Under Aniline Black
- Coloured Resist Under Aniline Black
- Coloured Resist with Pigment Colours
7. Pigment Colours
- Direct Style Printing
- Emulsion thickening method
- Aqueous Synthetic Thickener Method
- Aqueous Synthetic Thickener Method
- Aqueous Synthetic Thickener Method
- Discharge Style printing
- Khadi Prints
8. Vat Dyes
- Theory of reduction of vat dyes and the printing process
- Rate of reduction of vat dyes
- Other reactions during the leuco vat formation
- Oxidation
- Printing of cellulosic fibres
- Printing paste ingredients
- Thickening agents
- Reducing agents
- Alkali
- Hydroscopic agents
- The dyes
- Direct style printing
- Single stage printing
- Potash-Rongolite Method (All in one method)
- Potash-Caustic Method
- Two-phase Printing (or Pad steam method/Flash ageing method
- Discharge Style Printing
- Reduction Discharge
- White Discharge
- Oxidation Discharges
- Chromate Method
- Chlorate Method
- Coloured Discharges
- Coloured Discharge on Vat Dyed Ground with Solubilised Vat Dyes
- Resist style Printing
- White Resist
- Resist prints under Prints
- Resist under Pad Dyeings
- White Resists
- Coloured resists
- Coloured Vat Resist under rapidogens
- Print resist-pad aniline black method
- Pad Aniline Black
- Print Resist
- Coloured vat resist under Reactive dyeing
9. Indigo
- The Glucose process
- Hydrosulphite Process
10. Sulphur Dyes
- Direct prints
- Caustic Soda Hydrosulphite Process
- Sodium Sulphide Method
11. Indigosols
- Direct Style Printing
- Wet development methods
- Indigosols Printed Alone
- (i) Bichromate Method
- ii)Neutral Chromate Method
- iii)Nitrite Process
- Steaming Methods- Chlorate Process
- Ammonium Sulphocyanide Process for Long Time Steaming
- Diethyl Tartarate (Indigosol Developer T/Soledon developer D) Process
- Ammonium Chlorate Process
- Ferric Chloride Process
- Chlorite Process
- Air Development Methods
- Aluminum Chlorate Process
- Acid Steaming Methods
- The chromate acid ageing process
- Alternate Detailed Recipes for Solubilized Vat and Azoic Colours
- Printing of Indigosols dyes alongside other classes of dyes
- Printing Indigosols along side Rapidogens and Rapid Fast Colours
- The chromate-acid age process
- Neutral steaming process
- Nitrite Process
- Indigosols printed along side reactives
- Resist Prints
- White resists
- Resists Print Under Nitrite process
- Coloured Resists Under Indigosol
- Coloured resist with mechanical resists
- Indigosol resists under indigosols
- Rapidogen Reserves on Indigosols Ground.
- Coloured Resist Using Vat colours
- Indigosols as Illuminating colours in Resist Style Printing
- Indigosol resist under Aniline Pad -Dyeing
- Print resist-pad aniline black
- Pad Aniline
- Print Resist Method
- Discharge style printing
- Vat-Indigosol Discharge print
Part II
- Printing Fabrics Natural Fibres Other than Cotton
- Printing of Silk
12. Pretreatment of Silk for Printing
- Bombyx mori Silk
- Rapid degumming
- Degumming with enzymes and synthetic detergents
- Ecru silk
- Souple silk
- Bleaching and Optical whitening
- Tussah Silk
- Degumming
- Degumming with synthetic dtergents
- Degumming with enzymes
- Bleaching of Tussah silk
- Oxidation bleach
- Oxidative cum reductive bleach
- Dyeing of silk with acid dyes for discharge grounds
- Choice of thickening agent
- Direct prints
- Acid Dyes
- 1:2 Metal Complex Dyes
- Direct Dyes
- Indigosols
- Reactive Dyes
- Normal Steaming Method
- Dry Heat Fixation Method
- Sodium Silicate Pad Batch Method
- Reactive Printing with Synthetic Thickener
- Cationic dyes (Basic dyes)
- Discharge Prints
- White discharge on acid/reactive ground
- Coloured Discharges
- Basic and acid dyes (Discharge reistant)
- Alternate Recipes for White and Coloured Discharge Prints
- Alternative recipe for Discharge print with Tin salt.
- Coloured discharges with vat dyes
Printing of Wool
Pretreatment of wool for printing
- Scouring
- Alkaline scouring

13. Neutral scouring
- Acid scouring
- Chlorination
- Method with Bleaching powder
- Method with Dichloroisocyanuric Acid
- Chlorination by gaseous chlorine
- Shrink resist treatment by polymer treatments and other methods
- Plasma Treatment
- Bleaching
- Reductive Bleach
- Direct prints on chlorinated wool
- Printing paste ingredients
- Acid dyes
- 1:2 Metal complex dyes
- Metal Complex (1:1) Dyes
- Normal Reactive Prints (Cold and Hot Brands)
- Wool reactive dyes
- Cationic dyes (Basic dyes)
- Direct dyes
- Chrome dyes
- Resist printing
- Sulphamic acid Resists
- Resist by special Resist agents
- Discharge prints
- Dyeing of wool with acid dyestuffs for Discharge Prints
- White Discharge on Acid/Reactive Dyed Wool
- Coloured Discharges
- Alternate recipe for white and coloured discharge
- Coloured Discharges with Basic dyes
- Vigoureaux printing
- Acid dyes in vigourex printing
Part III
- Printing Of Synthetic Fibres
- Printing of Polyester Fibres
14. Direct Prints
- Disperse dyes
- Special recipe for pressure steam fixation
- Special recipe for superheated steam or hot air fixation
- Resist Prints
- White Resist
- Coloured Resist with disperse dyes
- Alternate Recipe for Coloured Resist
- Pad dyeings of Alkaline Resist for Polyester
- Discharge prints
- White Discharge resist for the above pad dyeings Coloured Discharge resist for the
above pad dyeings
- Discharge Prints
- White Discharge
- White discharge print (Superheated steam fixation)
- Coloured Discharges
- Coloured Discharges with Disperse dyes and Tin salt (Pressure steam)
- Coloured discharges with disperse dye and Tin salt (Superheated steam)
- Printing of Cellulose Acetate and Cellulose Triacetate, Fibres
15. Direct Prints
- Disperse dyes
- Vat Dyes
- Normal all-in process
- Printing Triacetates
- Direct Prints
- Vat dyes
- Acid leuco process
- White and coloured discharge on Cellulose
- Printing Triacetate
- Direct printing
- Vat dyes
- All-in Process
- Alternate recipe using Thiourea Dioxide
- Alternate Recipe using Calcium Formaldehyde Sulphoxylate
- Acid leuco process
- Discharge and Resist prints
- White and coloured discharges
- Alternate recipe using Thiourea Dioxide
- Alternate Recipe using Calcium Formaldehyde Sulphoxylate
- Coloured Discharges on the above ground using selected Vat, Disperse and Basic
Dyes -Printing of Cellulose acetates (Di- and Tri-acetates)
- Fabric preparation
- Procedure for Beam Dyeing Machine Preparation of Acetate Warp Knits
- Procedure for Continuous Open-Width Preparation of Warp Knits
- Procedure for Soft flow Dyeing Machine Preparation
- Knits and Wovens
- Direct Prints
- Fibre Reactive Dyes
- Disperse dyes
- Acid and Metal complex dyes
- Discharge Prints
- Discharge Print on Disperse dyed grounds on acetates
- Fixation by Dry Heat or High Temperature steaming
- Fixation by Atmospheric or Pressure steaming
- Coloured Discharges
- Discharge Prints on Secondary Cellulose Acetate
- White and Coloured Discharge
- Alternate recipe for white discharge using Calcium Formaldehyde Sulphoxylate
- Coloured Discharge (Basic Dyes) on Secondary Acetate
- Printing of Acrylics fibres
16. Pretreatment
- Desizing
- Washing
- Bleaching and Optical Whitening
- Stabilisation
- Direct Prints
- Cationic dyes
- Disperse Dyes
- Reactive Dyes
- Modified Basic Dyes
- Selected 1: 2 metal complex dyes
- Vat dyes
- Discharge prints
- White Discharge on Basic Dyed Ground
- White Discharge on Disperse Dyed Ground
- Coloured Discharge on Basic Dyed Grounds
- Coloured Discharge on Disperse Dyed Grounds
- Coloured Discharge on Basic Dyed Ground
- Vigourex Printing
Printing of Nylon Fibres
17. Pretreatment
- Scouring and relaxing
- Heatsetting/Stabilizing
- Print Paste Constituents
- Thickener
- Acid donors
- Dissolving Assistant
- Reserving and Fixing Agent
- Deareating and Penetrating Agent
- Fixation of polyamide prints
- Washing off
- Direct Prints
- 1:2 Metal Complex Dyes I
- Metal Complex Dyes II- Acid and Metal Complex dyes
- Disperse Dyes
- Reactive Dyes
- Printing Reactive Dyes in alkaline paste
- Hot Brand Reactive dyes
- Acid and Direct Dyes
- Alternate Recipe Using Alginate for Direct Dyes
- Disperse Print on Nylon by Thermofix Method
- Wool Reactive Dyes
- Discharge Prints on polyamide
- White Discharge
- Alternate recipe using Calcium Formaldehyde sulphoxylate
- Coloured Discharges
- Coloured Discharge (Alternate Recipe)
- Coloured Discharges with Disperse Dyes
- Printing of Polyamide/Elastane Fabrics
- Pretreatment
- Relaxation
- Heat Setting
- Processing of Circular knits
- Scouring/relaxation
- Full White
- Ground Dyeing with acid dyes
- Ground Dyeing with 1:2 Metal Complex dyes
Printing of Lyocell fabrics
Preparation
- Direct printing
- Direct Dyes
- White and colour discharge
Part IV
- Printing of Blended fibres
18. Polyester/Cellulose Blended fibres
- Direct Print
- Reactive (Not VS) /Disperse Dye Combination Disperse/Reactive (Not VS)
dyes combination (2DA Process)
- Polyester/Cellulosics with Disperse/Direct Dyes
- Disperse/Indigosol combination or Indigosol alone
- One phase Method
- Two Phase Method
- Pigment/Disperse dyes combination
- Discharge prints
- Special Printing on Polyester/Cellulose
- Burnout Prints
- Polyamide/Cellulose Acetates Blended fibres
- Direct PrintsPolyamide/Cellulose Acetate and Polyamide/Triacetate
- Acid Colours
- Disperse dyes on Polyamide/Cellulose Acetate I
- Disperse dyes on Polyamide/Cellulose Triacetate II
- Basic Dyes on Polyamide/Cellulose Acetate and Polyamide/Triacetate
- Basic Colours
- Polyester/Wool Blended Fibres
- Pretreatment
- Scouring
- Bleaching
- Direct Printing
- Disperse /Reactive Combination- Preparation of Disperse Print Paste
- Preparation of Reactive print pastes
- Printing, Fixation and washing-off
- Preparation of print pastes by the strewing-in method
- Preparation of Print Paste
- Disperse/1:2 Metal complex dyes
- Alternate Method
- Printing of Polyamide/Cellulose blended fibres
- Direct Printing
- One phase printing with Reactive dyes
- Two phase printing with reactive (no VS dye) and wool reactive (e.g.,
Drimalan dyes
- Clariant
- Printing Nylon/cellulose blend with 1:2 Metal complex and Direct dyes
- Acrylic/Cotton blended fibres
- Direct Prints
- Vat dyes
- Acrylic/Wool blended Fibres
- Direct Prints
- Cellulose acetate/viscose Blended fibres
- Direct Prints
- Vat dyes
- Cellulose Acetate/Nylon Blended fibres
- Direct prints
- Disperse dyes
- 1: 2 metal complex dyes
- Printing of Elastane Fabrics
- Direct printing
- Heat transfer printing
- Polyamide/Lycra Blends
- 1:2 Metal complex, acid dyes
- Normal reactive and wool reactive dyes
Special Printing Methods
Printing Rapid fast and Rapidogen colours Alongside Solubilised Vat or
Aniline Black.
- Outline Printing with Special Chemicals (Lyoprint CF
- Ciba)
- Crepe Effect by Printing
- Style 1: Crepe effect printing with sodium hydroxide (caustic soda)
- Style 2: Crepe effect printing with special pigment binder
- Glucose Tonal Resist under Reactive Dyes