The Biocides Business

THE POLITICAL, SOCIAL, AND ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK Introduction Historical, Cultural, and Economic Influences National and International Regulation International Organizations and Chemicals Conclusion THE BIOCIDES MARKET Introduction EC Market: Consumption of Biocidal Products by End Use Global Market: Consumption of Biocidal Products by Geographical Region Supply Chain for Biocidal Products Key Drivers for Market Development History and Current Trends Impact of New Legislation Conclusions REGULATORY CONTROL OF BIOCIDES IN EUROPE Introduction The EU Biocidal Products Directive The Review Program for Existing Biocide Active Substances and Biocidal Products European Union Chemical Control Measures National European Biocide Authorization Schemes Conclusion REGULATION OF BIOCIDES IN THE UNITED STATES Introduction to Pesticide Regulation in the United States Regulation of Biocides in the United States Registration of a New Active Ingredient Regulation of Biocides Used in, on, or in Contact with Food Pesticide Re-registration Data Protection and Data Compensation Procedures EPA Regulation of Pesticide Inert Ingredients Registrants' Continuing Obligations Pesticide Import and Export Requirements Cancellation and Suspension EPA Enforcement Authority Pesticide Licensing in Individual States REGULATORY CONTROL OF BIOCIDES IN OTHER COUNTRIES Introduction Japan Korea China Philippines Australia New Zealand Canada Switzerland South Africa South America India Slovenia Conclusion HUMAN HEALTH, SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT What is Risk Assessment? Hazard Identification and Assessment Exosure Assessment Risk Characterization Regulatory Decision-making Conclusions ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY AND RISK ASSESSMENT What is Risk Assessment? Exposure Assessment Effects Assessment Regulatory Decision-making WOOD PRESERVATIVES Introduction Biological Degredation Wood Preservatives-Some Characteristics Wood Preservation at Various Stages of the Timer Transformation Processes Deciding on the Degree of Protection Needed Selection and Specification of Preventive Preservative Treatments Selection and Specification of Curative Preservative Treatments Wood Durability and Treatability Methods of Applying Wood Preservatives Types of Wood Preservatives Wood Preservative Systems Usage Rates Disposal of Wood Commodities Containing Treated Wood and Environmental Risk Mechanisms of Action Efficacy Assessment of Wood Preservatives Looking Ahead SLIMICIDES Microbiological Problems Associated with the Papermaking Process Bacteria Fungi Algae Cooling Towers Control of Microbial Slimes and Deposits Biocides and Their Activity GENERAL PURPOSE PRESERVATIVES Introduction Biocide Selection Biocide/Preservative Application Areas Conclusion DISINFECTANTS AND PUBLIC HEALTH BIOCIDES Introduction Disinfectian and Disinfectants Detailed Examples of Disinfectants Efficacy of a Disinfectant Concluding Remarks RODENTICIDES AND INSECTICIDES Introduction The Market for Rodenticides and Insecticides as Biocides Rodenticides Insecticides Conclusions ANTIFOULANTS AND MARINE BIOCIDES Introduction Uses for Antifoulants What Type of Organisms Are Found Types of Antifoulant Used on Ships Active Substances Used in Antifouling Paints Data Requirements What for the Future ANNEX