Literature
An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing
14th Edition
Published on 7. January 2019
Book
Hardback
2064 pages
978-0-13-466846-8 (ISBN)
Description
This print textbook is available for students to rent for their classes. The Pearson print rental program provides students with affordable access to learning materials, so they come to class ready to succeed.
For introductory courses in Literature.
Cultivates a love of literature and an understanding of effective writing
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing introduces students to the appreciation and experience of literature in its major forms - and develops their abilities to think critically and communicate effectively through, and about, writing. Authors X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia aim to help readers develop sensitivity to language, culture, and identity, see beyond the boundaries of their own selves, and view the world through the eyes of others.
Each of the first three sections is devoted to one of the major literary forms of fiction, poetry, and drama; the fourth is a comprehensive introduction to critical writing. The 14th Edition of this trusted resource has been revised throughout for clarity and accessibility, and all chapters have been updated with a more visual appeal for current students. Packed with a variety of popular and provocative stories, poems, plays, and critical prose, it includes exciting and often-surprising contemporary selections. Every chapter has been reviewed and updated with relevant cultural references.
0134668464 / 9780134668468 LITERATURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO FICTION, POETRY, DRAMA, AND WRITING [RENTAL EDITION], 14/e
For introductory courses in Literature.
Cultivates a love of literature and an understanding of effective writing
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing introduces students to the appreciation and experience of literature in its major forms - and develops their abilities to think critically and communicate effectively through, and about, writing. Authors X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia aim to help readers develop sensitivity to language, culture, and identity, see beyond the boundaries of their own selves, and view the world through the eyes of others.
Each of the first three sections is devoted to one of the major literary forms of fiction, poetry, and drama; the fourth is a comprehensive introduction to critical writing. The 14th Edition of this trusted resource has been revised throughout for clarity and accessibility, and all chapters have been updated with a more visual appeal for current students. Packed with a variety of popular and provocative stories, poems, plays, and critical prose, it includes exciting and often-surprising contemporary selections. Every chapter has been reviewed and updated with relevant cultural references.
0134668464 / 9780134668468 LITERATURE: AN INTRODUCTION TO FICTION, POETRY, DRAMA, AND WRITING [RENTAL EDITION], 14/e
More details
Edition
14th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
ISBN-13
978-0-13-466846-8 (9780134668468)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Previous edition
X. J. Kennedy | Dana Gioia
Literature
An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, MLA Update Edition
Book
09/2016
13th Edition
Pearson
€120.07
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
About our authors X. J. Kennedy, after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy ("Actually, I was pretty eighth class"). His poems, some published in The New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then, he has published 7 more collections, including a volume of new and selected poems in 2007, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks and 17 books for children, including 2 novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, an Aiken-Taylor prize and the Award for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on 5 books and 5 children.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. ("Not many poets have a Stanford MBA, thank goodness!") After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a vice presidency to write and teach. He has published 4 collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, Pity the Beautiful (2012) and 3 critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry's place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer and Colorado College. From 2003 to 2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in US reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California. (The surname Gioia is pronounced JOY-A. As some of you may have already guessed, gioia is the Italian word for "joy.")
Dan Stone worked for many years as a program manager and documentary producer at the National Endowment for the Arts, during which time he wrote, recorded and produced nearly 30 radio documentaries on classic American novels for the Big Read, interviewing more than 200 prominent writers, actors, artists, musicians and public figures. While at the NEA, Stone helped create Poetry Out Loud, the popular national high school recitation contest, and he produced educational and audio programming for the initiatives Shakespeare in American Communities and NEA Jazz Masters. He studied poetry at Colorado College and received an MFA in fiction from Boston University, and he has taught middle school, high school and college. With Dana Gioia, Stone edited Penguin's 100 Great Poets of the English Language. His most recent book, How Money Became Dangerous, is about the modern evolution of Wall Street and the financial services industry. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of Radio Silence, a magazine of literature and rock 'n' roll. For City Arts & Lectures and NPR, he has conducted lengthy stage conversations with Bruce Springsteen, Patti Smith, George Saunders and Elvis Costello. Stone owns an establishment near his home in Oakland, California, called North Light, which serves as a bookstore, record store, restaurant and cafe.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. ("Not many poets have a Stanford MBA, thank goodness!") After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a vice presidency to write and teach. He has published 4 collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, Pity the Beautiful (2012) and 3 critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry's place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer and Colorado College. From 2003 to 2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in US reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California. (The surname Gioia is pronounced JOY-A. As some of you may have already guessed, gioia is the Italian word for "joy.")
Dan Stone worked for many years as a program manager and documentary producer at the National Endowment for the Arts, during which time he wrote, recorded and produced nearly 30 radio documentaries on classic American novels for the Big Read, interviewing more than 200 prominent writers, actors, artists, musicians and public figures. While at the NEA, Stone helped create Poetry Out Loud, the popular national high school recitation contest, and he produced educational and audio programming for the initiatives Shakespeare in American Communities and NEA Jazz Masters. He studied poetry at Colorado College and received an MFA in fiction from Boston University, and he has taught middle school, high school and college. With Dana Gioia, Stone edited Penguin's 100 Great Poets of the English Language. His most recent book, How Money Became Dangerous, is about the modern evolution of Wall Street and the financial services industry. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of Radio Silence, a magazine of literature and rock 'n' roll. For City Arts & Lectures and NPR, he has conducted lengthy stage conversations with Bruce Springsteen, Patti Smith, George Saunders and Elvis Costello. Stone owns an establishment near his home in Oakland, California, called North Light, which serves as a bookstore, record store, restaurant and cafe.
Content
FICTION Talking with Amy Tan
READING A STORY
THE ART OF FICTION
TYPES OF SHORT FICTION
Sufi Legend, Death Has an Appointment in Samarra A student tries to flee from Death in this brief, sardonic fable.
Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes Ever wonder where the phrase "sour grapes" comes from? Find out in this classic fable.
Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends With friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn't need.
Chuang Tzu, Independence The Prince of Ch'u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death Neither God nor the Devil came to the christening. In this stark folktale, a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
PLOT
THE SHORT STORY
John Updike, A & P In walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Wilhelm Grimm on Writing, On the Nature of Fairy Tales
THINKING ABOUT PLOT
CHECKLIST: Writing about Plot
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PLOT
TERMS FOR REVIEW
POINT OF VIEW
IDENTIFYING POINT OF VIEW
TYPES OF NARRATORS
HOW MUCH DOES A NARRATOR KNOW?
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily Proud, imperious Emily Grierson defies the town from the fortress of her mansion. Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Muriel Spark, The First Year of My Life An omniscient infant narrator, able to access any conversation or scene on the planet, is born into a time of war.
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path When the man says to old Phoenix, "You must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing," he might be exaggerating, but not by much.
James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues Two brothers in Harlem see life differently. The older brother is the sensible family man, but Sonny wants to be a jazz musician.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
James Baldwin on Writing, Race and the African American Writer
THINKING ABOUT POINT OF VIEW
CHECKLIST: Writing About Point of View
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON POINT OF VIEW
TERMS FOR REVIEW
CHARACTER
CHARACTERIZATION
MOTIVATION
Tobias Wolff, Bullet in the Brain Anders is in line when armed robbers enter the bank, and he can't help but get involved.
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of Arnold Friend, a spellbinding imitation teenager.
Toni Morrison, Recitatif Over many decades, two women's lives continue to collide, as they find that their relationship is complicated by the challenges of race, class, and circumstance.
Raymond Carver, Cathedral He never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man. He hadn't even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Raymond Carver on Writing, Commonplace but Precise Language
THINKING ABOUT CHARACTER
CHECKLIST: Writing about Character
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON CHARACTER
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SETTING
ELEMENTS OF SETTING
HISTORICAL FICTION
REGIONALISM
NATURALISM
HOW SETTING CAN HARMONIZE WITH OTHER ELEMENTS OF A STORY
Kate Chopin, The Storm Even with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married. Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
Jack London, To Build a Fire Seventy-five degrees below zero. Alone except for one mistrustful wolf dog, a man finds himself battling a relentless force.
Ron Carlson, At the Jim Bridger Two men nearly freeze to death in the Wyoming wilderness. How does their intimate encounter with their mortality change them?
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets A young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half-sisters she never knew existed.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Amy Tan on Writing, Developing a Setting
THINKING ABOUT SETTING
CHECKLIST: Writing About Setting
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SETTING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
TONE AND STYLE
TONE
STYLE
DICTION
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place All by himself each night, the old man lingers in the bright cafe. What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner, Barn Burning This time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
IRONY
O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word "irony."
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings John and Mary meet. What happens next? This witty experimental story offers several different outcomes.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style
THINKING ABOUT TONE AND STYLE
CHECKLIST: Writing about Tone and Style
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE AND STYLE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
THEME
PLOT VERSUS THEME
SUMMARIZING THE THEME
FINDING THE THEME
Stephen Crane, The Open Boat In a lifeboat circled by sharks, tantalized by glimpses of land, a reporter scrutinizes Fate and learns about comradeship.
Sandra Cisneros, Barbie-Q The trouble with buying Barbie dolls is that you want all the clothes, companions, and accessories. But in this neighborhood, things suddenly change.
Luke, The Parable of the Prodigal Son A father has two sons. One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut Jr., Harrison Bergeron Are you handsome? Then off with your eyebrows! Are you brainy? Then a transmitter will sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction
THINKING ABOUT THEME
CHECKLIST: Writing About Theme
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON THEME
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SYMBOL
ALLEGORY
SYMBOLS
RECOGNIZING SYMBOLS
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums Fenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved-then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace A woman enjoys one night of luxury, and then spends years of her life paying for it.
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Omelas is the perfect city. All of its inhabitants are happy. But everyone's prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Splintered and faded, the sinister black box has worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town can remember.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Shirley Jackson on Writing, Biography of a Story
THINKING ABOUT SYMBOLS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Symbols
Sample Student Paper, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums"
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SYMBOLS
TERMS FOR REVIEW
GENRE FICTION
ROMANCE VERSUS REALISM
WHAT IS GENRE?
COMMON TYPES OF GENRE FICTION
GENRE AND POPULAR CULTURE
Ray Bradbury, A Sound of Thunder In 2055, you can go on a Time Safari to hunt dinosaurs 60 million years ago. But put one foot wrong, and suddenly the future's not what it used to be.
Kelly Link, The Faery Handbag The magical handbag allows one to access other worlds, with both beautiful and dark consequences.
H. P. Lovecraft, The Outsider He has been locked in a gothic castle for his entire life, until the day he escapes, but what he discovers outside sends him running back to his dark captivity.
Dashiell Hammett, One Hour Someone killed a man named Newhouse in broad daylight on a San Francisco street. Our detective is on the case.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Ray Bradbury on Writing, Falling in Love at the Library
TOPICS FOR WRITING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
READING LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
ORIGINS OF THE NOVEL
NOVELISTIC METHODS
READING NOVELS
Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych The supreme Russian novelist tells how a petty, ambitious judge, near the end of his wasted life, discovers a harrowing truth.
Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis "When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous insect." Kafka's famous opening sentence introduces one of the most chilling stories in world literature.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Franz Kafka on Writing, Gustav Janouch Discussing The Metamorphosis
THINKING ABOUT LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Long Stories and Novels
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
TERMS FOR REVIEW
LATIN AMERICAN FICTION
EL BOOM
MAGIC REALISM
AFTER EL BOOM
ARGENTINA: Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark A young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch. To pass the time, he reads the Gospel to a family, with unforeseen results.
COLOMBIA: Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Even in death, a mysterious stranger has a profound effect on all of the people in the village.
CHILE: Isabel Allende, Revenge The young, beautiful Dulce Rosa Orellano is Queen of the Carnival and the daughter of a beloved Senator, and then a night of terrible violence changes her life forever.
MEXICO: Juan Rulfo, Tell Them Not to Kill Me! A violent episode from decades past catches up with an old man. Will he be saved from the firing squad?
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Jorge Luis Borges on Writing, On Storytelling
TOPICS FOR WRITING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
CRITICAL CASEBOOK: Flannery O'Connor
FLANNERY O'CONNOR
A Good Man Is Hard to Find Wanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer. An ordinary family vacation leads to horror-and one moment of redeeming grace.
Revelation Mrs. Turpin thinks herself Jesus's favorite child, until she meets a troubled college girl. Soon violence flares in a doctor's waiting room.
Parker's Back A tormented man tries to find his way to God and to his wife-by having himself tattooed.
FLANNERY O'CONNOR ON WRITING
Insights into "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
On Her Catholic Faith
CRITICS ON FLANNERY O'CONNOR
Benjamin Percy, There Will Be Blood: Violence in Flannery O'Connor's Fiction
J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit
Louise S. Cowan, The Character of Mrs. Turpin in "Revelation"
Damian J. Ference, No Vague Believer
Lucinda Williams, Meeting Flannery O'Connor
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON FLANNERY O'CONNOR
CRITICAL CASEBOOK: Three Stories in Depth
EDGAR ALLAN POE
The Tell-Tale Heart The smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
EDGAR ALLAN POE ON WRITING
On Imagination
The Philosophy of Composition
CRITICS ON "THE TELL-TALE HEART"
Daniel Hoffman, The Father-Figure in "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Scott Peeples, "The Tell-Tale Heart" as a Love Story
Charles Baudelaire, Poe's Characters
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN
The Yellow Wallpaper A doctor prescribes a "rest cure" for his wife after the birth of their child. The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer. The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN ON WRITING
Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"
The Nervous Breakdown of Women
CRITICS ON "THE YELLOW WALLPAPER"
Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement
Elizabeth Ammons, Biographical Echoes in "The Yellow Wallpaper"
ALICE WALKER
Everyday Use When successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her
African roots. Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
ALICE WALKER ON WRITING
The Black Woman Writer in America
Reflections on Writing and Women's Lives
CRITICS ON "EVERYDAY USE"
Barbara T. Christian, "Everyday Use" and the Black Power Movement
Mary Helen Washington, "Everyday Use" as a Portrait of the Artist
Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, Stylish vs. Sacred in "Everyday Use"
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
TOPICS FOR WRITING
GALLERY OF INTERNATIONAL VOICES
NIGERIA: Chinua Achebe, Dead Men's Path The new headmaster of the village school is determined to fight superstition, but the villagers do not agree.
BANGLADESH: Tahmima Anam, Garments The girl who works next to Jesmin in the garments factory says one day, "My boyfriend wants to marry you." Should Jesmin become this man's third wife?
MEXICO: Ines Arredondo, The Shunammite When Luisa visits her dying uncle, she has no idea that her life is about to change forever.
ALGERIA/FRANCE: Albert Camus, The Guest A prisoner is delivered to a schoolhouse on a remote hillside, and the schoolmaster must decide what to do with him.
SOUTH AFRICA: Nadine Gordimer, The Defeated In a dusty South African mining town, two schoolgirls become unlikely friends. As they grow up together, they start to grow apart.
JAPAN: Kazuo Ishiguro, A Family Supper Something very odd lurks beneath the surface of this family supper, and it might prove fatal.
CHINA: Ha Jin, Saboteur When the police unfairly arrest Mr. Chiu, he hopes for justice. After witnessing their brutality, he quietly plans revenge.
ANTIGUA: Jamaica Kincaid, Girl "Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming." An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
EGYPT: Naguib Mahfouz, The Lawsuit He thought he'd seen the last of his late father's second wife, but now she's back to trouble his peaceful existence.
INDIA: Bharati Mukherjee, Saints Shawn wanders around his neighborhood at night, imagining an existence other than the sad, confusing, and often frightening home life dominated by the unwelcome presence of his mom's boyfriend, Wayne.
CANADA: Alice Munro, Wild Swans Rose has a disturbing and transformative experience on her first train ride to the big city.
IRAN: Marjane Satrapi, Kim Wilde (from Persepolis) During the Islamic Revolution, rock 'n' roll contraband is smuggled into Iran.
STORIES FOR FURTHER READING
Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona The only one who can help Victor when his father dies is a childhood friend he's been avoiding for years.
T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake Murky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears to be a wasteland. One grim night on its shore, three "dangerous characters" learn a lesson.
Willa Cather, Paul's Case Paul's teachers can't understand the boy. Then one day, with stolen cash, he boards a train for New York and the life of his dreams.
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour "There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name."
Neil Gaiman, How to Talk to Girls at Parties Two teenage boys try to navigate their way through a party filled with exotic, mysterious girls.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Urged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees-or dreams he sees-good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat Delia's hard work paid for her small house. Now her drunken husband Sykes has promised it to another woman.
James Joyce, Araby If only he can find her a token, she might love him in return. As night falls, a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies Mr. Kapasi's life had settled into a quiet pattern-and then Mrs. Das and her family come into it.
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill Sundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happens to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried What each soldier carries into the combat zone is largely determined by necessity, but each man's necessities differ.
Daniel Orozco, Orientation "Those are the offices and these are the cubicles." Welcome to the first day of your new job.
George Saunders, Puppy A puppy for sale exposes the vast class differences between seller and buyer.
Wells Tower, Everything Ravaged, Everything Burned Marauders ransack an island in a terrible show of violence, but not all the pirates have dark hearts.
Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House Whatever hour you wake, a door is shutting. From room to room the ghostly couple walks, hand in hand.
POETRY Talking with Kay Ryan
READING A POEM
POETRY OR VERSE
HOW TO READ A POEM
PARAPHRASE
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
LYRIC POETRY
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
NARRATIVE POETRY
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost, "Out, Out-"
DRAMATIC POETRY
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
DIDACTIC POETRY
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers"
THINKING ABOUT PARAPHRASING
William Stafford, Ask Me
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"
CHECKLIST: Writing a Paraphrase
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PARAPHRASING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
LISTENING TO A VOICE
TONE
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
Stephen Crane, The Wayfarer
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book
Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilinguee
Franz Wright, Alcohol
Gwendolyn Brooks, Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward.
Weldon Kees, For My Daughter
THE SPEAKER IN THE POEM
Natasha Trethewey, White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal
Anonymous, Dog Haiku
William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry
Karen An-hwei Lee, Rainfall
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
IRONY
Robert Creeley, Oh No
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage
Thomas Hardy, The Workbox
Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper
Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry
THINKING ABOUT TONE
CHECKLIST: Writing About Tone
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE
Sample Student Paper, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz"
TERMS FOR REVIEW
WORDS
LITERAL MEANING: WHAT A POEM SAYS FIRST
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say
DICTION
John Masefield, Cargoes
Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
THE VALUE OF A DICTIONARY
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath
Samuel Menashe, Bread
Carl Sandburg, Grass
J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
WORD CHOICE AND WORD ORDER
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
Kay Ryan, Blandeur
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid
Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
Julie Larios, What Bee Did
Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Sarah Cortez, Adam
E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Anonymous, Carnation Milk
Gina Valdes, English con Salsa
William Wordsworth, My heart leaps up when I behold
William Wordsworth, Mutability
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates "Jabberwocky"
THINKING ABOUT DICTION
CHECKLIST: Writing About Diction
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON WORD CHOICE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SAYING AND SUGGESTING
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
William Blake, London
Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
READING A STORY
THE ART OF FICTION
TYPES OF SHORT FICTION
Sufi Legend, Death Has an Appointment in Samarra A student tries to flee from Death in this brief, sardonic fable.
Aesop, The Fox and the Grapes Ever wonder where the phrase "sour grapes" comes from? Find out in this classic fable.
Bidpai, The Camel and His Friends With friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn't need.
Chuang Tzu, Independence The Prince of Ch'u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death Neither God nor the Devil came to the christening. In this stark folktale, a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
PLOT
THE SHORT STORY
John Updike, A & P In walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Wilhelm Grimm on Writing, On the Nature of Fairy Tales
THINKING ABOUT PLOT
CHECKLIST: Writing about Plot
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PLOT
TERMS FOR REVIEW
POINT OF VIEW
IDENTIFYING POINT OF VIEW
TYPES OF NARRATORS
HOW MUCH DOES A NARRATOR KNOW?
STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily Proud, imperious Emily Grierson defies the town from the fortress of her mansion. Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Muriel Spark, The First Year of My Life An omniscient infant narrator, able to access any conversation or scene on the planet, is born into a time of war.
Eudora Welty, A Worn Path When the man says to old Phoenix, "You must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing," he might be exaggerating, but not by much.
James Baldwin, Sonny's Blues Two brothers in Harlem see life differently. The older brother is the sensible family man, but Sonny wants to be a jazz musician.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
James Baldwin on Writing, Race and the African American Writer
THINKING ABOUT POINT OF VIEW
CHECKLIST: Writing About Point of View
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON POINT OF VIEW
TERMS FOR REVIEW
CHARACTER
CHARACTERIZATION
MOTIVATION
Tobias Wolff, Bullet in the Brain Anders is in line when armed robbers enter the bank, and he can't help but get involved.
Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of Arnold Friend, a spellbinding imitation teenager.
Toni Morrison, Recitatif Over many decades, two women's lives continue to collide, as they find that their relationship is complicated by the challenges of race, class, and circumstance.
Raymond Carver, Cathedral He never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man. He hadn't even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Raymond Carver on Writing, Commonplace but Precise Language
THINKING ABOUT CHARACTER
CHECKLIST: Writing about Character
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON CHARACTER
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SETTING
ELEMENTS OF SETTING
HISTORICAL FICTION
REGIONALISM
NATURALISM
HOW SETTING CAN HARMONIZE WITH OTHER ELEMENTS OF A STORY
Kate Chopin, The Storm Even with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married. Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
Jack London, To Build a Fire Seventy-five degrees below zero. Alone except for one mistrustful wolf dog, a man finds himself battling a relentless force.
Ron Carlson, At the Jim Bridger Two men nearly freeze to death in the Wyoming wilderness. How does their intimate encounter with their mortality change them?
Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets A young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half-sisters she never knew existed.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Amy Tan on Writing, Developing a Setting
THINKING ABOUT SETTING
CHECKLIST: Writing About Setting
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SETTING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
TONE AND STYLE
TONE
STYLE
DICTION
Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place All by himself each night, the old man lingers in the bright cafe. What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner, Barn Burning This time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
IRONY
O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word "irony."
Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings John and Mary meet. What happens next? This witty experimental story offers several different outcomes.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style
THINKING ABOUT TONE AND STYLE
CHECKLIST: Writing about Tone and Style
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE AND STYLE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
THEME
PLOT VERSUS THEME
SUMMARIZING THE THEME
FINDING THE THEME
Stephen Crane, The Open Boat In a lifeboat circled by sharks, tantalized by glimpses of land, a reporter scrutinizes Fate and learns about comradeship.
Sandra Cisneros, Barbie-Q The trouble with buying Barbie dolls is that you want all the clothes, companions, and accessories. But in this neighborhood, things suddenly change.
Luke, The Parable of the Prodigal Son A father has two sons. One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut Jr., Harrison Bergeron Are you handsome? Then off with your eyebrows! Are you brainy? Then a transmitter will sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Kurt Vonnegut Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction
THINKING ABOUT THEME
CHECKLIST: Writing About Theme
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON THEME
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SYMBOL
ALLEGORY
SYMBOLS
RECOGNIZING SYMBOLS
John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums Fenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved-then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Guy de Maupassant, The Necklace A woman enjoys one night of luxury, and then spends years of her life paying for it.
Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas Omelas is the perfect city. All of its inhabitants are happy. But everyone's prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Splintered and faded, the sinister black box has worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town can remember.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Shirley Jackson on Writing, Biography of a Story
THINKING ABOUT SYMBOLS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Symbols
Sample Student Paper, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck's "The Chrysanthemums"
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON SYMBOLS
TERMS FOR REVIEW
GENRE FICTION
ROMANCE VERSUS REALISM
WHAT IS GENRE?
COMMON TYPES OF GENRE FICTION
GENRE AND POPULAR CULTURE
Ray Bradbury, A Sound of Thunder In 2055, you can go on a Time Safari to hunt dinosaurs 60 million years ago. But put one foot wrong, and suddenly the future's not what it used to be.
Kelly Link, The Faery Handbag The magical handbag allows one to access other worlds, with both beautiful and dark consequences.
H. P. Lovecraft, The Outsider He has been locked in a gothic castle for his entire life, until the day he escapes, but what he discovers outside sends him running back to his dark captivity.
Dashiell Hammett, One Hour Someone killed a man named Newhouse in broad daylight on a San Francisco street. Our detective is on the case.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Ray Bradbury on Writing, Falling in Love at the Library
TOPICS FOR WRITING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
READING LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
ORIGINS OF THE NOVEL
NOVELISTIC METHODS
READING NOVELS
Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych The supreme Russian novelist tells how a petty, ambitious judge, near the end of his wasted life, discovers a harrowing truth.
Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis "When Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from troubled dreams, he found himself transformed in his bed into a monstrous insect." Kafka's famous opening sentence introduces one of the most chilling stories in world literature.
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Franz Kafka on Writing, Gustav Janouch Discussing The Metamorphosis
THINKING ABOUT LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
CHECKLIST: Writing About Long Stories and Novels
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON LONG STORIES AND NOVELS
TERMS FOR REVIEW
LATIN AMERICAN FICTION
EL BOOM
MAGIC REALISM
AFTER EL BOOM
ARGENTINA: Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark A young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch. To pass the time, he reads the Gospel to a family, with unforeseen results.
COLOMBIA: Gabriel Garcia Marquez, The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World Even in death, a mysterious stranger has a profound effect on all of the people in the village.
CHILE: Isabel Allende, Revenge The young, beautiful Dulce Rosa Orellano is Queen of the Carnival and the daughter of a beloved Senator, and then a night of terrible violence changes her life forever.
MEXICO: Juan Rulfo, Tell Them Not to Kill Me! A violent episode from decades past catches up with an old man. Will he be saved from the firing squad?
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Jorge Luis Borges on Writing, On Storytelling
TOPICS FOR WRITING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
CRITICAL CASEBOOK: Flannery O'Connor
FLANNERY O'CONNOR
A Good Man Is Hard to Find Wanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer. An ordinary family vacation leads to horror-and one moment of redeeming grace.
Revelation Mrs. Turpin thinks herself Jesus's favorite child, until she meets a troubled college girl. Soon violence flares in a doctor's waiting room.
Parker's Back A tormented man tries to find his way to God and to his wife-by having himself tattooed.
FLANNERY O'CONNOR ON WRITING
Insights into "A Good Man Is Hard to Find"
On Her Catholic Faith
CRITICS ON FLANNERY O'CONNOR
Benjamin Percy, There Will Be Blood: Violence in Flannery O'Connor's Fiction
J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit
Louise S. Cowan, The Character of Mrs. Turpin in "Revelation"
Damian J. Ference, No Vague Believer
Lucinda Williams, Meeting Flannery O'Connor
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON FLANNERY O'CONNOR
CRITICAL CASEBOOK: Three Stories in Depth
EDGAR ALLAN POE
The Tell-Tale Heart The smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
EDGAR ALLAN POE ON WRITING
On Imagination
The Philosophy of Composition
CRITICS ON "THE TELL-TALE HEART"
Daniel Hoffman, The Father-Figure in "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Scott Peeples, "The Tell-Tale Heart" as a Love Story
Charles Baudelaire, Poe's Characters
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN
The Yellow Wallpaper A doctor prescribes a "rest cure" for his wife after the birth of their child. The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer. The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
CHARLOTTE PERKINS GILMAN ON WRITING
Why I Wrote "The Yellow Wallpaper"
The Nervous Breakdown of Women
CRITICS ON "THE YELLOW WALLPAPER"
Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in "The Yellow Wallpaper"
Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement
Elizabeth Ammons, Biographical Echoes in "The Yellow Wallpaper"
ALICE WALKER
Everyday Use When successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her
African roots. Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
ALICE WALKER ON WRITING
The Black Woman Writer in America
Reflections on Writing and Women's Lives
CRITICS ON "EVERYDAY USE"
Barbara T. Christian, "Everyday Use" and the Black Power Movement
Mary Helen Washington, "Everyday Use" as a Portrait of the Artist
Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, Stylish vs. Sacred in "Everyday Use"
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
TOPICS FOR WRITING
GALLERY OF INTERNATIONAL VOICES
NIGERIA: Chinua Achebe, Dead Men's Path The new headmaster of the village school is determined to fight superstition, but the villagers do not agree.
BANGLADESH: Tahmima Anam, Garments The girl who works next to Jesmin in the garments factory says one day, "My boyfriend wants to marry you." Should Jesmin become this man's third wife?
MEXICO: Ines Arredondo, The Shunammite When Luisa visits her dying uncle, she has no idea that her life is about to change forever.
ALGERIA/FRANCE: Albert Camus, The Guest A prisoner is delivered to a schoolhouse on a remote hillside, and the schoolmaster must decide what to do with him.
SOUTH AFRICA: Nadine Gordimer, The Defeated In a dusty South African mining town, two schoolgirls become unlikely friends. As they grow up together, they start to grow apart.
JAPAN: Kazuo Ishiguro, A Family Supper Something very odd lurks beneath the surface of this family supper, and it might prove fatal.
CHINA: Ha Jin, Saboteur When the police unfairly arrest Mr. Chiu, he hopes for justice. After witnessing their brutality, he quietly plans revenge.
ANTIGUA: Jamaica Kincaid, Girl "Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming." An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
EGYPT: Naguib Mahfouz, The Lawsuit He thought he'd seen the last of his late father's second wife, but now she's back to trouble his peaceful existence.
INDIA: Bharati Mukherjee, Saints Shawn wanders around his neighborhood at night, imagining an existence other than the sad, confusing, and often frightening home life dominated by the unwelcome presence of his mom's boyfriend, Wayne.
CANADA: Alice Munro, Wild Swans Rose has a disturbing and transformative experience on her first train ride to the big city.
IRAN: Marjane Satrapi, Kim Wilde (from Persepolis) During the Islamic Revolution, rock 'n' roll contraband is smuggled into Iran.
STORIES FOR FURTHER READING
Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona The only one who can help Victor when his father dies is a childhood friend he's been avoiding for years.
T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake Murky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears to be a wasteland. One grim night on its shore, three "dangerous characters" learn a lesson.
Willa Cather, Paul's Case Paul's teachers can't understand the boy. Then one day, with stolen cash, he boards a train for New York and the life of his dreams.
Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour "There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name."
Neil Gaiman, How to Talk to Girls at Parties Two teenage boys try to navigate their way through a party filled with exotic, mysterious girls.
Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Urged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees-or dreams he sees-good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat Delia's hard work paid for her small house. Now her drunken husband Sykes has promised it to another woman.
James Joyce, Araby If only he can find her a token, she might love him in return. As night falls, a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies Mr. Kapasi's life had settled into a quiet pattern-and then Mrs. Das and her family come into it.
Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill Sundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happens to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Tim O'Brien, The Things They Carried What each soldier carries into the combat zone is largely determined by necessity, but each man's necessities differ.
Daniel Orozco, Orientation "Those are the offices and these are the cubicles." Welcome to the first day of your new job.
George Saunders, Puppy A puppy for sale exposes the vast class differences between seller and buyer.
Wells Tower, Everything Ravaged, Everything Burned Marauders ransack an island in a terrible show of violence, but not all the pirates have dark hearts.
Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House Whatever hour you wake, a door is shutting. From room to room the ghostly couple walks, hand in hand.
POETRY Talking with Kay Ryan
READING A POEM
POETRY OR VERSE
HOW TO READ A POEM
PARAPHRASE
William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree
LYRIC POETRY
Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
NARRATIVE POETRY
Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost, "Out, Out-"
DRAMATIC POETRY
Robert Browning, My Last Duchess
DIDACTIC POETRY
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers"
THINKING ABOUT PARAPHRASING
William Stafford, Ask Me
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"
CHECKLIST: Writing a Paraphrase
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON PARAPHRASING
TERMS FOR REVIEW
LISTENING TO A VOICE
TONE
Theodore Roethke, My Papa's Waltz
Stephen Crane, The Wayfarer
Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book
Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual / Bilinguee
Franz Wright, Alcohol
Gwendolyn Brooks, Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward.
Weldon Kees, For My Daughter
THE SPEAKER IN THE POEM
Natasha Trethewey, White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal
Anonymous, Dog Haiku
William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry
Karen An-hwei Lee, Rainfall
William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow
IRONY
Robert Creeley, Oh No
W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage
Thomas Hardy, The Workbox
Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links
Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper
Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry
THINKING ABOUT TONE
CHECKLIST: Writing About Tone
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON TONE
Sample Student Paper, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's "My Papa's Waltz"
TERMS FOR REVIEW
WORDS
LITERAL MEANING: WHAT A POEM SAYS FIRST
William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say
DICTION
John Masefield, Cargoes
Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down!
John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
THE VALUE OF A DICTIONARY
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath
Samuel Menashe, Bread
Carl Sandburg, Grass
J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
WORD CHOICE AND WORD ORDER
Robert Herrick, Upon Julia's Clothes
Kay Ryan, Blandeur
Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid
Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment
Julie Larios, What Bee Did
Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Sarah Cortez, Adam
E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town
Anonymous, Carnation Milk
Gina Valdes, English con Salsa
William Wordsworth, My heart leaps up when I behold
William Wordsworth, Mutability
Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky
WRITING EFFECTIVELY
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates "Jabberwocky"
THINKING ABOUT DICTION
CHECKLIST: Writing About Diction
TOPICS FOR WRITING ON WORD CHOICE
TERMS FOR REVIEW
SAYING AND SUGGESTING
DENOTATION AND CONNOTATION
William Blake, London
Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock