Backpack Literature
An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing
4th Edition
Published on 24. January 2012
Book
Paperback/Softback
1232 pages
978-0-205-15166-0 (ISBN)
Description
The smallest and most economical member of the Kennedy/Gioia family, Backpack Literature is a brief paperback version of the discipline's most popular introduction to literature anthology. Like its bigger, bestselling predecessors, Backpack Literature features the authors' collective poetic voice which brings personal warmth and a human perspective to the discussion of literature, adding to students' interest in the readings. New selections have been added including four new one-act plays to help "ease" students into the study of this genre. The new plays include two comedies-- David Ives's, Sure Thing and Jane Martin's Beauty-as well as Terrence McNally's poignant Andre's Mother and Edward Bok Lee's experimental drama El Santo Americano.
More details
Edition
4th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 216 mm
Width: 140 mm
Weight
660 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-205-15166-0 (9780205151660)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
X. J. Kennedy | Dana Gioia
Backpack Literature
An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing
Book
01/2015
5th Edition
Pearson
€61.89
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Previous edition
X. J. Kennedy | Dana Gioia
Backpack Literature
Book
10/2007
2nd Edition
Pearson
€52.18
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Persons
X. J. Kennedy, after graduation from Seton Hall and Columbia, became a journalist second class in the Navy ("Actually, I was pretty eighth class"). His poems, some published in the New Yorker, were first collected in Nude Descending a Staircase (1961). Since then he has written six more collections, several widely adopted literature and writing textbooks, and seventeen books for children, including two novels. He has taught at Michigan, North Carolina (Greensboro), California (Irvine), Wellesley, Tufts, and Leeds. Cited in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations and reprinted in some 200 anthologies, his verse has brought him a Guggenheim fellowship, a Lamont Award, a Los Angeles Times Book Prize, an award from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, an Aiken-Taylor prize, the Robert Frost Medal of the Poetry Society of America, and the Award for Poetry for Children from the National Council of Teachers of English. He now lives in Lexington, Massachusetts, where he and his wife Dorothy have collaborated on four books and five children.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a corporate vice presidency to write. He has published four collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, and Pity the Beautiful (2012); and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry's place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. From 2003-2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowments for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California.
Dana Gioia is a poet, critic, and teacher. Born in Los Angeles of Italian and Mexican ancestry, he attended Stanford and Harvard before taking a detour into business. After years of writing and reading late in the evenings after work, he quit a corporate vice presidency to write. He has published four collections of poetry, Daily Horoscope (1986), The Gods of Winter (1991), Interrogations at Noon (2001), which won the American Book Award, and Pity the Beautiful (2012); and three critical volumes, including Can Poetry Matter? (1992), an influential study of poetry's place in contemporary America. Gioia has taught at Johns Hopkins, Sarah Lawrence, Wesleyan (Connecticut), Mercer, and Colorado College. From 2003-2009 he served as the Chairman of the National Endowments for the Arts. At the NEA he created the largest literary programs in federal history, including Shakespeare in American Communities and Poetry Out Loud, the national high school poetry recitation contest. He also led the campaign to restore active literary reading by creating The Big Read, which helped reverse a quarter century of decline in U.S. reading. He is currently the Judge Widney Professor of Poetry and Public Culture at the University of Southern California.
Content
** = new selection vs. Backpack 3e
Contents
Preface
To the Instructor
About the Authors
Fiction
Talking with Amy Tan
1 Reading a Story
The Art of Fiction
Types of Short Fiction
W. Somerset Maugham The Appointment in Samarra
A servant tries to gallop away from Death in this brief sardonic fable retold in memorable form by a popular storyteller.
**Aesop The Fox and the Grapes
Ever wonder where the phrase "sour grapes" comes from? Find out in this classic fable.
**Bidpai The Camel and His Friends
With friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn't need.
Chuang Tzu Independence
The Prince of Ch'u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm Godfather Death
Neither God nor the Devil came to the christening. In this stark folktale,
a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
Plot
The Short Story
John Updike A & P
In walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Plot
Checklist: Writing about Plot
Writing Assignment on Plot
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
2 Point of View
Identifying Point of View
Types of Narrators
Stream of Consciousness
William Faulkner A Rose for Emily
Proud, imperious Emily Grierson defied the town from the fortress of her mansion. Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Edgar Allan Poe The Tell-Tale Heart
The smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
**Jamaica Kincaid Girl
"Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming." An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
Virginia Woolf A Haunted House
Whatever hour you woke a door was shutting. From room to room the ghostly couple walked, hand in hand.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Point of View
CHECKLIST: Writing about Point of View
Writing Assignment on Point of View
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
3 Character
Types of Characters
Katherine Anne Porter The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
For sixty years Ellen Weatherall has fought back the memory of that terrible day, but now once more the priest waits in the house.
Katherine Mansfield Miss Brill
Sundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happened to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
When successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her African roots. Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
Raymond Carver Cathedral
He had never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man. He hadn't even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Character
Checklist: Writing about Character
Writing Assignment on Character
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
4 Setting
Elements of Setting
Regionalism
Kate Chopin The Storm
Even with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married. Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
**Jorge Luis Borges The Gospel According to Mark
A young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch. To pass the time he reads the Gospel to a family with unforeseen results.
Jack London To Build a Fire
Seventy-five degrees below zero. Alone except for one mistrustful wolf dog,
a man finds himself battling a relentless force.
Amy Tan A Pair of Tickets
A young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half sisters she never knew existed.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Setting
CHECKLIST: Writing about Setting
Writing Assignment on Setting
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
5 Tone and Style
Tone
Style
Diction
Ernest Hemingway A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
All by himself each night, the old man lingers in the bright cafe. What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner Barn Burning
This time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
Irony
O. Henry The Gift of the Magi
A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word "irony."
Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour
"There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name."
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Tone and Style
CHECKLIST: Writing about Tone and Style
Writing Assignment on Tone and Style
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
6 Theme
Plot vs. Theme
Theme as Unifying Device
Finding the Theme
**ZZ Packer Brownies
A brownie troop of African American girls at camp declare war on a rival troop only to discover their humiliating mistake.
Stephen Crane The Open Boat
In a lifeboat circled by sharks, tantalized by glimpses of land, a reporter scrutinizes Fate and learns about comradeship.
Luke 15:11-32 The Parable of the Prodigal Son
A father has two sons. One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Harrison Bergeron
Are you handsome? Off with your eyebrows! Are you brainy? Let a transmitter sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Theme
CHECKLIST: Writing about Theme
Writing Assignment on Theme
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
7 Symbol
Allegory
Symbols
Recognizing Symbols
John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums
Fenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved-then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wallpaper
A doctor prescribes a "rest cure" for his wife after the birth of their child. The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer. The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
Ursula K. Le Guin The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
Omelas is the perfect city. All of its inhabitants are happy. But everyone's prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
Shirley Jackson The Lottery
Splintered and faded, the sinister black box had worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town could remember.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Symbols
CHECKLIST: Writing about Symbols
Writing Assignment on Symbols
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
8 Stories for Further Reading
Chinua Achebe Dead Men's Path
The new headmaster of the village school was determined to fight superstition, but the villagers did not agree.
Sherman Alexie This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
The only one who can help Victor when his father dies is a childhood friend he's been avoiding for years.
** Isabel Allende The Judge's Wife
Revenge can take many forms, but few are as strange as the revenge taken in this passionate tale.
Margaret Atwood Happy Endings
John and Mary meet. What happens next? This witty experimental story offers five different outcomes.
**T. Coraghessan Boyle Greasy Lake
Murky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears a wasteland. On its shore three "dangerous characters" learn a lesson one grim night.
Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street
Does where we live tell what we are? A little girl dreams of a new house, but things don't always turn out the way we want them to.
Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown
Urged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees-or dreams he sees-good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
James Joyce Araby
If only he can find her a token, she might love him in return. As night falls,
a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Franz Kafka Before the Law
A man from the country comes in search of the Law. He never guesses what will prevent him from finding it in this modern parable.
Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of a spellbinding imitation teenager, Arnold Friend.
Tim O'Brien The Things They Carried
What each soldier carried into the combat zone was largely determined by necessity, but each man's necessities differed.
Flannery O'Connor A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Wanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer. An ordinary family vacation leads to horror-and one moment of redeeming grace.
**Eudora Welty A Worn Path
When the man said to old Phoenix, "you must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing," he might have been exaggerating, but not by much.
Poetry
Talking with Kay Ryan
9 Reading a Poem
Poetry or Verse
Reading a Poem
Paraphrase
William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Lyric Poetry
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
Narrative Poetry
Anonymous Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost "Out, Out-"
Dramatic Poetry
Robert Browning My Last Duchess
Didactic Poetry
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Paraphrase
William Stafford Ask Me
William Stafford A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"
Checklist: Writing a Paraphrase
Writing Assignment on Paraphrasing
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
10 Listening to a Voice
Tone
Theodore Roethke My Papa's Waltz
Countee Cullen For a Lady I Know
Anne Bradstreet The Author to Her Book
Walt Whitman To a Locomotive in Winter
Emily Dickinson I like to see it lap the Miles
** Gwendolyn Brooks Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward
Weldon Kees For My Daughter
The Person in the Poem
Natasha Trethewey White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson Luke Havergal
Ted Hughes Hawk Roosting
Anonymous Dog Haiku
Langston Hughes Theme for English B
Anne Sexton Her Kind
William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow
Irony
Robert Creeley Oh No
W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds Rite of Passage
Edna St. Vincent Millay Second Fig
Thomas Hardy The Workbox
For Review and Further Study
**Julie Sheehan Hate Poem
Richard Lovelace To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est
Writing Effectively
Thinking About TONE
Checklist: Writing about Tone
Writing Assignment on Tone
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
11 Words
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First
William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say
Diction
Marianne Moore Silence
John Donne Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
The Value of a Dictionary
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Aftermath
** Kay Ryan Mockingbird
Carl Sandburg Grass
**Samuel Menashe Bread J. V. Cunningham Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
J. V. Cunningham Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
Word Choice and Word Order
Robert Herrick Upon Julia's Clothes
Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town
Wendy Cope Lonely Hearts
Anonymous Carnation Milk
Gina Valdes English con Salsa
Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Diction
Checklist: writing about Diction
Writing Assignment on Word Choice
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
12 Saying and Suggesting
Denotation and Connotation
William Blake London
Wallace Stevens Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
**Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters
Robert Frost Fire and Ice
Diane Thiel The Minefield
Rhina Espaillat Bilingual/Bilinguee
**A. R. Ammons , Coward
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Tears, Idle Tears
Richard Wilbur Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Denotation and Connotation
Checklist: Writing about What a Poem Says and Suggests
Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
13 Imagery
Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro
Taniguchi Buson The piercing chill I feel
Imagery
T. S. Eliot The winter evening settles down
Theodore Roethke Root Cellar
Elizabeth Bishop The Fish
Emily Dickinson A Route of Evanescence
Gerard Manley Hopkins Pied Beauty
Jean Toomer Reapers
About Haiku
Arakida Moritake The falling flower
Matsuo Basho Heat-lightning streak
Matsuo Basho In the old stone pool
Taniguchi Buson On the one-ton temple bell
Taniguchi Buson Moonrise on mudflats
Kobayashi Issa only one guy
Kobayashi Issa Cricket
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps
**Suiko Matsushita Rain shower from mountain
**Suiko Matsushita Cosmos in bloom
**Hakuro Wada Even the croaking of frogs
**Neiji Ozawa The war-this year
Contemporary Haiku
Etheridge Knight Making jazz swing in
**Adelle Foley Learning to Shave
**Gary Snyder After weeks of watching the roof leak
**Garry Gay Hole in the ozone
For Review and Further Study
John Keats Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art
**William Carlos Williams El Hombre
**Li Po, Translated by Arthur Waley Drinking Alone by Moonlight
Billy Collins Embrace
Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning
Robert Bly Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Imagery
Checklist: Writing about imagery
Writing Assignment on Imagery
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
14 Figures of Speech
Why Speak Figuratively?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The Eagle
William Shakespeare Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Howard Moss Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
Metaphor and Simile
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Flower in the Crannied Wall
William Blake To see a world in a grain of sand
Emily Dickinson My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun
Sylvia Plath Metaphors
** Jill Alexander Essbaum The Heart
N. Scott Momaday Simile
Craig Raine A Martian Sends a Postcard Home
Other Figures of Speech
James Stephens The Wind
Margaret Atwood You fit into me
**Timothy Steele Epitaph
Dana Gioia Money
Carl Sandburg Fog
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost The Silken Tent
**Harryette Mullen Dim Lady
Kay Ryan Turtle
John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn
** Emily Bronte Love and Friendship
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Metaphors
Checklist: Writing about Metaphors
Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
15 Sound
Sound as Meaning
William Butler Yeats Who Goes with Fergus?
William Wordsworth A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
Aphra Behn When maidens are young
Alliteration and Assonance
A. E. Housman Eight O'Clock
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The splendor falls on castle walls
Rime
Kevin Young Doo Wop
Hilaire Belloc The Hippopotamus
William Butler Yeats Leda and the Swan
Gerard Manley Hopkins God's Grandeur
Robert Frost Desert Places
Reading Poems Aloud
Michael Stillman In Memoriam John Coltrane
Writing Effectively
Thinking About a Poem's Sound
Checklist: Writing about a Poem's Sound
Writing Assignment on Sound
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
16 Rhythm
Stresses and Pauses
Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Break, Break, Break
Dorothy Parker Resume
Meter
Edna St. Vincent Millay Counting-out Rhyme
A. E. Housman When I was one-and-twenty
Walt Whitman Beat! Beat! Drums!
Langston Hughes Dream Boogie
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Rhythm
Checklist: Scanning a Poem
Writing Assignment on Rhythm
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
17 Closed Form
Formal Patterns
John Keats This living hand, now warm and capable
Robert Graves Counting the Beats
John Donne Song ("Go and catch a falling star")
Ballads
Anonymous Bonny Barbara Allan
Dudley Randall Ballad of Birmingham
The Sonnet
William Shakespeare Sonnet 116: Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Edna St. Vincent Millay What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Robert Frost Acquainted with the Night
R. S. Gwynn Shakespearean Sonnet
** Amit Majmudar Rites to Allay the Dead
The Epigram
Sir John Harrington Of Treason
** Langston Hughes Two Somewhat Different Epigrams
** John Frederick Nims Contemplation
** Dorothy Parker The Actress
Other Forms
Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night
Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask
Elizabeth Bishop Sestina
Writing Effectively
Thinking About a Sonnet
Checklist: Writing about a Sonnet
Writing Assignment on a Sonnet
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
18 Open Form
Denise Levertov Ancient Stairway
Free Verse
E. E. Cummings Buffalo Bill 's
**W. S. Merwin For the Anniversary of My Death
William Carlos Williams The Dance
**Stephen Crane The Wayfarer
Walt Whitman Cavalry Crossing a Ford
Wallace Stevens Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
Prose Poetry
**Charles Simic The Magic Study of Happiness
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings in Just-
**Carole Satyamurti I Shall Paint My Nails Red
Langston Hughes I, Too
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Free Verse
Checklist: Writing about Line Breaks
Writing Assignment on Open Form
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
19 Symbol
The Meanings of a Symbol
T. S. Eliot The BostonEvening Transcript
Emily Dickinson The Lightning is a yellow Fork
Identifying Symbols
Thomas Hardy Neutral Tones
Yusef Komunyakaa Facing It
Allegory
Matthew 13:24-30 The Parable of the Good Seed
Robert Frost The Road Not Taken
Christina Rossetti Uphill
For Review and Further Study
Mary Oliver Wild Geese
Lorine Niedecker Popcorn-can cover
Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Symbols
Checklist: Writing about Symbols
Writing Assignment on Symbolism
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
20 Myth and Narrative
Origins of Myth
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
William Wordsworth The world is too much with us
H. D. Helen
Archetype
Louise Bogan Medusa
A. E. Stallings First Love: A Quiz
Personal Myth
William Butler Yeats The Second Coming
Sylvia Plath Lady Lazarus
Myth and Popular Culture
Anne Sexton Cinderella
Writing Effectively
THINKING ABOUT MYTH
Checklist: WRITINg About Myth
Writing Assignment on Myth
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
21 What Is Poetry?
**Archibald MacLeish Ars Poetica
Dante, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, **Gwendolyn Brooks, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, W. H. Auden, Jose Garcia Villa, Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, Joy Harjo, Charles Simic Some Definitions of Poetry
22 Poems for Further Reading
Aaron Abeyta thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla
** Kim Addonizio First Poem for You
Sherman Alexie The Powwow at the End of the World
Matthew Arnold Dover Beach
Margaret Atwood Siren Song
W. H. Auden September 1, 1939
W. H. Auden Musee des Beaux Arts
Elizabeth Bishop One Art
William Blake The Tyger
Gwendolyn Brooks the mother
Elizabeth Barrett Browning How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
Robert Browning Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
** Charles Bukowski Dostoevsky
Judith Ortiz Cofer Quinceanera
Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan
Billy Collins Care and Feeding
E. E. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond
** Emily Dickinson Wild Nights - Wild Nights!
Emily Dickinson I heard a Fly buzz - when I died
Emily Dickinson Because I could not stop for Death
John Donne Death be not proud
John Donne The Flea
Rita Dove Daystar
T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Robert Frost Birches
Robert Frost Mending Wall
Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Allen Ginsberg A Supermarket in California
** Thomas Hardy Hap
Seamus Heaney Digging
George Herbert Easter Wings
Robert Herrick To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Gerard Manley Hopkins Spring and Fall
Gerard Manley Hopkins The Windhover
A. E. Housman Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
A. E. Housman To an Athlete Dying Young
Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Langston Hughes Harlem [Dream Deferred]
Randall Jarrell The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
** Robinson Jeffers Rock and Hawk
** Ha Jin Missed Time
Ben Jonson On My First Son
** Donald Justice Men at Forty
** John Keats n Ode to a Nightingale
John Keats To Autumn
** Philip Larkin Poetry of Departures
D. H. Lawrence Piano
Shirley Geok-lin Lim Learning to love America
Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress
Edna St. Vincent Millay Recuerdo
John Milton When I consider how my light is spent
Sharon Olds The One Girl at the Boys' Party
Wilfred Owen Anthem for Doomed Youth
Sylvia Plath Daddy
Edgar Allan Poe Annabel Lee
Ezra Pound The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter
Henry Reed Naming of Parts
Edwin Arlington Robinson Miniver Cheevy
** William Shakespeare Sonnet 55: Not Marble nor the Gilded Monuments
William Shakespeare Sonnet 130: My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun
Percy Bysshe Shelley Ozymandias
Wallace Stevens The Emperor of Ice-Cream
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Ulysses
Dylan Thomas Fern Hill
John Updike Ex-Basketball Player
** Derek Walcott Sea Grapes
Walt Whitman I Hear America Singing
Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!
Richard Wilbur The Writer
William Carlos Williams Spring and All
** William Carlos Williams Queen-Anne's-Lace
William Wordsworth Composed upon Westminster Bridge
James Wright Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio
Mary Sidney Wroth In this strange labyrinth
William Butler Yeats Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop
William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium
William Butler Yeats When You Are Old
Drama
Talking with David Ives
23 Reading a Play
Theatrical Conventions
Elements of a Play
Susan Glaspell Trifles
Was Minnie Wright to blame for the death of her husband? While the menfolk try to unravel a mystery, two women in the kitchen turn up revealing clues.
Analyzing Trifles
Writing Effectively
THINKING about a Play
CHECKLIST: Writing about a Play
Writing Assignment on Conflict
MORE Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
24 Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy
Tragedy
Christopher Marlowe Scene From Doctor Faustus (Act 2, Scene 1)
In this scene from the classic drama, a brilliant scholar sells his soul to the devil. How smart is that?
Comedy
**David Ives Sure Thing
Bill wants to pick up Betty in a cafe, but he makes every mistake in the book. Luckily, he not only gets a second chance, but a third and a fourth as well
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Comedy
Checklist: Writing about Comedy
Writing Assignment on Comedy
Topics for Writing About Tragedy
Topics for Writing About Comedy
Terms for Review
25 The Theater of Sophocles
The Theater of Sophocles
The Civic Role of Greek Drama
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy
Sophocles
The Origins of Oedipus the King
Sophocles Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)
"Who is the man proclaimed / by Delphi's prophetic rock / as the bloody handed murderer / the doer of deeds that none dare name? / . . . Terrribly close on his heels are the Fates that never miss."
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Greek Tragedy
CHECKLIST: Writing about Greek Drama
Writing Assignment on Sophocles
More Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
26 The Theater of Shakespeare
The Theater of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
A Note on Othello
Picturing Othello
William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice 1368
Here is a story of jealousy, that "green-eyed monster which doth mock / The meat it feeds on"-of a passionate, suspicious man and his blameless wife, of a serpent masked as a friend.
Writing Effectively
Understanding Shakespeare
Checklist:writing about shakespeare
Writing Assignment on Tragedy
More Topics for Writing
27 The Modern Theater
Realism
Henrik Ibsen A Doll's House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)
The founder of modern drama portrays a troubled marriage. Helmer, the bank manager, regards his wife Nora as a "little featherbrain"-not knowing the truth may shatter his smug world.
Experimental Drama
***Edward Bok Lee El Santo Americano
A wrestler and his unhappy wife drive through the desert to a surprising conclusion.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Dramatic Realism
CHECKLIST: Writing about Realism
Writing Assignment on Realism
More Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
28 Plays for Further Reading
**Jane Martin Beauty
We've all wanted to be someone else at one time or another. But what would happen if we got our wish?
**Terrence McNally Andre's Mother
After Andre's funeral the four people who loved him most walk into Central Park together. Three of them talk about their grief, but Andre's mother remains silent about her son, dead of AIDS.
Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie
Painfully shy and retiring, shunning love, Laura dwells in a world as fragile as her collection of tiny figurines-until one memorable night a gentleman comes to call.
August Wilson Fences
A proud man's love for his family is choked by his rigidity and self-righteousness, in this powerful drama by a great American playwright of our time.
WRITING
29-Writing About Literature
Read Actively
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
Think About the Reading
Plan Your Essay
Prewriting: Discover Your Ideas
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises
Develop a Literary Argument
Checklist: Developing an Argument
Write a Rough Draft
Sample Student Rough Draft On Robert Frost's "Nothing Gold Can Stay"
Revise Your Draft
Checklist: Revising Your Draft
Some Final Advice on Rewriting
Sample Student Revised Draft Lost Innocence in Robert Frost's "Nothing Gold Can Stay"
What's Your Purpose? Common Approaches to Writing About Literature 2083
Explication
Sample Student Paper By Lantern Light: An Explication of a Passage in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Robert Frost Design
Sample Student Paper An Unfolding of Robert Frost's "Design"
Analysis
Sample Student Paper Faded Beauty: Bishop's Use of Imagery in "The Fish"
Sample Student Paper Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?
Comparison and Contrast
Sample Student Paper Successful Adaptation in "A Rose for Emily" and "Miss Brill"
Response Paper
Sample Student Paper Response to Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried"
The Form of Your Finished Paper
Topics for Writing on Fiction
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
Topics for Writing on Poetry
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
Topics for Writing on Drama
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
30 Writing a Research Paper
Browse the Research
Choose a Topic
Begin Your Research
Print Resources
Online Databases
Reliable Web Sources
Checklist:Finding Reliable Sources
Visual Images
Checklist: Using Visual Images
Evaluate Your Sources
Print Resources
Web Resources
Checklist: Evaluating Your Sources
Organize Your Research
Organize Your Paper
Maintain Academic Integrity
Acknowledge All Sources
quotations
Citing Ideas
Document Sources Using MLA Style
Parenthetical References
Works-Cited List
Citing Print Sources in MLA Style
Citing WeB Sources in MLA Style
Sample List of Works Cited
Reference Guide for Citations
Credits
Index of Authors and Titles
Index of Literary Terms
Contents
Preface
To the Instructor
About the Authors
Fiction
Talking with Amy Tan
1 Reading a Story
The Art of Fiction
Types of Short Fiction
W. Somerset Maugham The Appointment in Samarra
A servant tries to gallop away from Death in this brief sardonic fable retold in memorable form by a popular storyteller.
**Aesop The Fox and the Grapes
Ever wonder where the phrase "sour grapes" comes from? Find out in this classic fable.
**Bidpai The Camel and His Friends
With friends like these, you can guess what the camel doesn't need.
Chuang Tzu Independence
The Prince of Ch'u asks the philosopher Chuang Tzu to become his advisor and gets a surprising reply in this classic Chinese fable.
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm Godfather Death
Neither God nor the Devil came to the christening. In this stark folktale,
a young man receives magical powers with a string attached.
Plot
The Short Story
John Updike A & P
In walk three girls in nothing but bathing suits, and Sammy finds himself no longer an aproned checkout clerk but an armored knight.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Plot
Checklist: Writing about Plot
Writing Assignment on Plot
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
2 Point of View
Identifying Point of View
Types of Narrators
Stream of Consciousness
William Faulkner A Rose for Emily
Proud, imperious Emily Grierson defied the town from the fortress of her mansion. Who could have guessed the secret that lay within?
Edgar Allan Poe The Tell-Tale Heart
The smoldering eye at last extinguished, a murderer finds that, despite all his attempts at a cover-up, his victim will be heard.
**Jamaica Kincaid Girl
"Try to walk like a lady, and not like the slut you are so bent on becoming." An old-fashioned mother tells her daughter how to live.
Virginia Woolf A Haunted House
Whatever hour you woke a door was shutting. From room to room the ghostly couple walked, hand in hand.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Point of View
CHECKLIST: Writing about Point of View
Writing Assignment on Point of View
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
3 Character
Types of Characters
Katherine Anne Porter The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
For sixty years Ellen Weatherall has fought back the memory of that terrible day, but now once more the priest waits in the house.
Katherine Mansfield Miss Brill
Sundays had long brought joy to solitary Miss Brill, until one fateful day when she happened to share a bench with two lovers in the park.
Alice Walker, Everyday Use
When successful Dee visits from the city, she has changed her name to reflect her African roots. Her mother and sister notice other things have changed, too.
Raymond Carver Cathedral
He had never expected to find himself trying to describe a cathedral to a blind man. He hadn't even wanted to meet this odd, old friend of his wife.
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Character
Checklist: Writing about Character
Writing Assignment on Character
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
4 Setting
Elements of Setting
Regionalism
Kate Chopin The Storm
Even with her husband away, Calixta feels happily, securely married. Why then should she not shelter an old admirer from the rain?
**Jorge Luis Borges The Gospel According to Mark
A young man from Buenos Aires is trapped by a flood on an isolated ranch. To pass the time he reads the Gospel to a family with unforeseen results.
Jack London To Build a Fire
Seventy-five degrees below zero. Alone except for one mistrustful wolf dog,
a man finds himself battling a relentless force.
Amy Tan A Pair of Tickets
A young woman flies with her father to China to meet two half sisters she never knew existed.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Setting
CHECKLIST: Writing about Setting
Writing Assignment on Setting
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
5 Tone and Style
Tone
Style
Diction
Ernest Hemingway A Clean, Well-Lighted Place
All by himself each night, the old man lingers in the bright cafe. What does he need more than brandy?
William Faulkner Barn Burning
This time when Ab Snopes wields his blazing torch, his son Sarty faces a dilemma: whether to obey or defy the vengeful old man.
Irony
O. Henry The Gift of the Magi
A young husband and wife find ingenious ways to buy each other Christmas presents, in the classic story that defines the word "irony."
Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour
"There was something coming to her and she was waiting for it, fearfully. What was it? She did not know; it was too subtle and elusive to name."
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Tone and Style
CHECKLIST: Writing about Tone and Style
Writing Assignment on Tone and Style
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
6 Theme
Plot vs. Theme
Theme as Unifying Device
Finding the Theme
**ZZ Packer Brownies
A brownie troop of African American girls at camp declare war on a rival troop only to discover their humiliating mistake.
Stephen Crane The Open Boat
In a lifeboat circled by sharks, tantalized by glimpses of land, a reporter scrutinizes Fate and learns about comradeship.
Luke 15:11-32 The Parable of the Prodigal Son
A father has two sons. One demands his inheritance now and leaves to spend it with ruinous results.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. Harrison Bergeron
Are you handsome? Off with your eyebrows! Are you brainy? Let a transmitter sound thought-shattering beeps inside your ear.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Theme
CHECKLIST: Writing about Theme
Writing Assignment on Theme
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
7 Symbol
Allegory
Symbols
Recognizing Symbols
John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums
Fenced-in Elisa feels emotionally starved-then her life promises to blossom with the arrival of the scissors-grinding man.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Yellow Wallpaper
A doctor prescribes a "rest cure" for his wife after the birth of their child. The new mother tries to settle in to life in the isolated and mysterious country house they have rented for the summer. The cure proves worse than the disease in this Gothic classic.
Ursula K. Le Guin The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas
Omelas is the perfect city. All of its inhabitants are happy. But everyone's prosperity depends on a hidden evil.
Shirley Jackson The Lottery
Splintered and faded, the sinister black box had worked its annual terror for longer than anyone in town could remember.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Symbols
CHECKLIST: Writing about Symbols
Writing Assignment on Symbols
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
8 Stories for Further Reading
Chinua Achebe Dead Men's Path
The new headmaster of the village school was determined to fight superstition, but the villagers did not agree.
Sherman Alexie This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona
The only one who can help Victor when his father dies is a childhood friend he's been avoiding for years.
** Isabel Allende The Judge's Wife
Revenge can take many forms, but few are as strange as the revenge taken in this passionate tale.
Margaret Atwood Happy Endings
John and Mary meet. What happens next? This witty experimental story offers five different outcomes.
**T. Coraghessan Boyle Greasy Lake
Murky and strewn with beer cans, the lake appears a wasteland. On its shore three "dangerous characters" learn a lesson one grim night.
Sandra Cisneros The House on Mango Street
Does where we live tell what we are? A little girl dreams of a new house, but things don't always turn out the way we want them to.
Nathaniel Hawthorne Young Goodman Brown
Urged on through deepening woods, a young Puritan sees-or dreams he sees-good villagers hasten toward a diabolic rite.
James Joyce Araby
If only he can find her a token, she might love him in return. As night falls,
a Dublin boy hurries to make his dream come true.
Franz Kafka Before the Law
A man from the country comes in search of the Law. He never guesses what will prevent him from finding it in this modern parable.
Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?
Alone in the house, Connie finds herself helpless before the advances of a spellbinding imitation teenager, Arnold Friend.
Tim O'Brien The Things They Carried
What each soldier carried into the combat zone was largely determined by necessity, but each man's necessities differed.
Flannery O'Connor A Good Man Is Hard to Find
Wanted: The Misfit, a cold-blooded killer. An ordinary family vacation leads to horror-and one moment of redeeming grace.
**Eudora Welty A Worn Path
When the man said to old Phoenix, "you must be a hundred years old, and scared of nothing," he might have been exaggerating, but not by much.
Poetry
Talking with Kay Ryan
9 Reading a Poem
Poetry or Verse
Reading a Poem
Paraphrase
William Butler Yeats The Lake Isle of Innisfree
Lyric Poetry
Robert Hayden Those Winter Sundays
Adrienne Rich Aunt Jennifer's Tigers
Narrative Poetry
Anonymous Sir Patrick Spence
Robert Frost "Out, Out-"
Dramatic Poetry
Robert Browning My Last Duchess
Didactic Poetry
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Paraphrase
William Stafford Ask Me
William Stafford A Paraphrase of "Ask Me"
Checklist: Writing a Paraphrase
Writing Assignment on Paraphrasing
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
10 Listening to a Voice
Tone
Theodore Roethke My Papa's Waltz
Countee Cullen For a Lady I Know
Anne Bradstreet The Author to Her Book
Walt Whitman To a Locomotive in Winter
Emily Dickinson I like to see it lap the Miles
** Gwendolyn Brooks Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward
Weldon Kees For My Daughter
The Person in the Poem
Natasha Trethewey White Lies
Edwin Arlington Robinson Luke Havergal
Ted Hughes Hawk Roosting
Anonymous Dog Haiku
Langston Hughes Theme for English B
Anne Sexton Her Kind
William Carlos Williams The Red Wheelbarrow
Irony
Robert Creeley Oh No
W. H. Auden The Unknown Citizen
Sharon Olds Rite of Passage
Edna St. Vincent Millay Second Fig
Thomas Hardy The Workbox
For Review and Further Study
**Julie Sheehan Hate Poem
Richard Lovelace To Lucasta
Wilfred Owen Dulce et Decorum Est
Writing Effectively
Thinking About TONE
Checklist: Writing about Tone
Writing Assignment on Tone
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
11 Words
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First
William Carlos Williams This Is Just to Say
Diction
Marianne Moore Silence
John Donne Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You
The Value of a Dictionary
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Aftermath
** Kay Ryan Mockingbird
Carl Sandburg Grass
**Samuel Menashe Bread J. V. Cunningham Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
J. V. Cunningham Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead
Word Choice and Word Order
Robert Herrick Upon Julia's Clothes
Thomas Hardy The Ruined Maid
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings anyone lived in a pretty how town
Wendy Cope Lonely Hearts
Anonymous Carnation Milk
Gina Valdes English con Salsa
Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Diction
Checklist: writing about Diction
Writing Assignment on Word Choice
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
12 Saying and Suggesting
Denotation and Connotation
William Blake London
Wallace Stevens Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock
**Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters
Robert Frost Fire and Ice
Diane Thiel The Minefield
Rhina Espaillat Bilingual/Bilinguee
**A. R. Ammons , Coward
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Tears, Idle Tears
Richard Wilbur Love Calls Us to the Things of This World
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Denotation and Connotation
Checklist: Writing about What a Poem Says and Suggests
Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
13 Imagery
Ezra Pound In a Station of the Metro
Taniguchi Buson The piercing chill I feel
Imagery
T. S. Eliot The winter evening settles down
Theodore Roethke Root Cellar
Elizabeth Bishop The Fish
Emily Dickinson A Route of Evanescence
Gerard Manley Hopkins Pied Beauty
Jean Toomer Reapers
About Haiku
Arakida Moritake The falling flower
Matsuo Basho Heat-lightning streak
Matsuo Basho In the old stone pool
Taniguchi Buson On the one-ton temple bell
Taniguchi Buson Moonrise on mudflats
Kobayashi Issa only one guy
Kobayashi Issa Cricket
Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps
**Suiko Matsushita Rain shower from mountain
**Suiko Matsushita Cosmos in bloom
**Hakuro Wada Even the croaking of frogs
**Neiji Ozawa The war-this year
Contemporary Haiku
Etheridge Knight Making jazz swing in
**Adelle Foley Learning to Shave
**Gary Snyder After weeks of watching the roof leak
**Garry Gay Hole in the ozone
For Review and Further Study
John Keats Bright star! would I were steadfast as thou art
**William Carlos Williams El Hombre
**Li Po, Translated by Arthur Waley Drinking Alone by Moonlight
Billy Collins Embrace
Stevie Smith Not Waving but Drowning
Robert Bly Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Imagery
Checklist: Writing about imagery
Writing Assignment on Imagery
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
14 Figures of Speech
Why Speak Figuratively?
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The Eagle
William Shakespeare Sonnet 18: Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Howard Moss Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day?
Metaphor and Simile
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Flower in the Crannied Wall
William Blake To see a world in a grain of sand
Emily Dickinson My Life had stood - a Loaded Gun
Sylvia Plath Metaphors
** Jill Alexander Essbaum The Heart
N. Scott Momaday Simile
Craig Raine A Martian Sends a Postcard Home
Other Figures of Speech
James Stephens The Wind
Margaret Atwood You fit into me
**Timothy Steele Epitaph
Dana Gioia Money
Carl Sandburg Fog
For Review and Further Study
Robert Frost The Silken Tent
**Harryette Mullen Dim Lady
Kay Ryan Turtle
John Keats Ode on a Grecian Urn
** Emily Bronte Love and Friendship
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Metaphors
Checklist: Writing about Metaphors
Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
15 Sound
Sound as Meaning
William Butler Yeats Who Goes with Fergus?
William Wordsworth A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal
Aphra Behn When maidens are young
Alliteration and Assonance
A. E. Housman Eight O'Clock
Alfred, Lord Tennyson The splendor falls on castle walls
Rime
Kevin Young Doo Wop
Hilaire Belloc The Hippopotamus
William Butler Yeats Leda and the Swan
Gerard Manley Hopkins God's Grandeur
Robert Frost Desert Places
Reading Poems Aloud
Michael Stillman In Memoriam John Coltrane
Writing Effectively
Thinking About a Poem's Sound
Checklist: Writing about a Poem's Sound
Writing Assignment on Sound
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
16 Rhythm
Stresses and Pauses
Gwendolyn Brooks We Real Cool
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Break, Break, Break
Dorothy Parker Resume
Meter
Edna St. Vincent Millay Counting-out Rhyme
A. E. Housman When I was one-and-twenty
Walt Whitman Beat! Beat! Drums!
Langston Hughes Dream Boogie
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Rhythm
Checklist: Scanning a Poem
Writing Assignment on Rhythm
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
17 Closed Form
Formal Patterns
John Keats This living hand, now warm and capable
Robert Graves Counting the Beats
John Donne Song ("Go and catch a falling star")
Ballads
Anonymous Bonny Barbara Allan
Dudley Randall Ballad of Birmingham
The Sonnet
William Shakespeare Sonnet 116: Let me not to the marriage of true minds
Edna St. Vincent Millay What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why
Robert Frost Acquainted with the Night
R. S. Gwynn Shakespearean Sonnet
** Amit Majmudar Rites to Allay the Dead
The Epigram
Sir John Harrington Of Treason
** Langston Hughes Two Somewhat Different Epigrams
** John Frederick Nims Contemplation
** Dorothy Parker The Actress
Other Forms
Dylan Thomas Do not go gentle into that good night
Paul Laurence Dunbar We Wear the Mask
Elizabeth Bishop Sestina
Writing Effectively
Thinking About a Sonnet
Checklist: Writing about a Sonnet
Writing Assignment on a Sonnet
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
18 Open Form
Denise Levertov Ancient Stairway
Free Verse
E. E. Cummings Buffalo Bill 's
**W. S. Merwin For the Anniversary of My Death
William Carlos Williams The Dance
**Stephen Crane The Wayfarer
Walt Whitman Cavalry Crossing a Ford
Wallace Stevens Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird
Prose Poetry
**Charles Simic The Magic Study of Happiness
For Review and Further Study
E. E. Cummings in Just-
**Carole Satyamurti I Shall Paint My Nails Red
Langston Hughes I, Too
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Free Verse
Checklist: Writing about Line Breaks
Writing Assignment on Open Form
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
19 Symbol
The Meanings of a Symbol
T. S. Eliot The BostonEvening Transcript
Emily Dickinson The Lightning is a yellow Fork
Identifying Symbols
Thomas Hardy Neutral Tones
Yusef Komunyakaa Facing It
Allegory
Matthew 13:24-30 The Parable of the Good Seed
Robert Frost The Road Not Taken
Christina Rossetti Uphill
For Review and Further Study
Mary Oliver Wild Geese
Lorine Niedecker Popcorn-can cover
Wallace Stevens Anecdote of the Jar
Writing Effectively
Thinking About Symbols
Checklist: Writing about Symbols
Writing Assignment on Symbolism
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
20 Myth and Narrative
Origins of Myth
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
William Wordsworth The world is too much with us
H. D. Helen
Archetype
Louise Bogan Medusa
A. E. Stallings First Love: A Quiz
Personal Myth
William Butler Yeats The Second Coming
Sylvia Plath Lady Lazarus
Myth and Popular Culture
Anne Sexton Cinderella
Writing Effectively
THINKING ABOUT MYTH
Checklist: WRITINg About Myth
Writing Assignment on Myth
More Topics for Writing
TERMS FOR REVIEW
21 What Is Poetry?
**Archibald MacLeish Ars Poetica
Dante, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, **Gwendolyn Brooks, William Wordsworth, Thomas Hardy, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, W. H. Auden, Jose Garcia Villa, Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, Joy Harjo, Charles Simic Some Definitions of Poetry
22 Poems for Further Reading
Aaron Abeyta thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla
** Kim Addonizio First Poem for You
Sherman Alexie The Powwow at the End of the World
Matthew Arnold Dover Beach
Margaret Atwood Siren Song
W. H. Auden September 1, 1939
W. H. Auden Musee des Beaux Arts
Elizabeth Bishop One Art
William Blake The Tyger
Gwendolyn Brooks the mother
Elizabeth Barrett Browning How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways
Robert Browning Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister
** Charles Bukowski Dostoevsky
Judith Ortiz Cofer Quinceanera
Samuel Taylor Coleridge Kubla Khan
Billy Collins Care and Feeding
E. E. Cummings somewhere i have never travelled,gladly beyond
** Emily Dickinson Wild Nights - Wild Nights!
Emily Dickinson I heard a Fly buzz - when I died
Emily Dickinson Because I could not stop for Death
John Donne Death be not proud
John Donne The Flea
Rita Dove Daystar
T. S. Eliot The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
Robert Frost Birches
Robert Frost Mending Wall
Robert Frost Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening
Allen Ginsberg A Supermarket in California
** Thomas Hardy Hap
Seamus Heaney Digging
George Herbert Easter Wings
Robert Herrick To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time
Gerard Manley Hopkins Spring and Fall
Gerard Manley Hopkins The Windhover
A. E. Housman Loveliest of trees, the cherry now
A. E. Housman To an Athlete Dying Young
Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Langston Hughes Harlem [Dream Deferred]
Randall Jarrell The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner
** Robinson Jeffers Rock and Hawk
** Ha Jin Missed Time
Ben Jonson On My First Son
** Donald Justice Men at Forty
** John Keats n Ode to a Nightingale
John Keats To Autumn
** Philip Larkin Poetry of Departures
D. H. Lawrence Piano
Shirley Geok-lin Lim Learning to love America
Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress
Edna St. Vincent Millay Recuerdo
John Milton When I consider how my light is spent
Sharon Olds The One Girl at the Boys' Party
Wilfred Owen Anthem for Doomed Youth
Sylvia Plath Daddy
Edgar Allan Poe Annabel Lee
Ezra Pound The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter
Henry Reed Naming of Parts
Edwin Arlington Robinson Miniver Cheevy
** William Shakespeare Sonnet 55: Not Marble nor the Gilded Monuments
William Shakespeare Sonnet 130: My mistress' eyes are nothing like the sun
Percy Bysshe Shelley Ozymandias
Wallace Stevens The Emperor of Ice-Cream
Alfred, Lord Tennyson Ulysses
Dylan Thomas Fern Hill
John Updike Ex-Basketball Player
** Derek Walcott Sea Grapes
Walt Whitman I Hear America Singing
Walt Whitman O Captain! My Captain!
Richard Wilbur The Writer
William Carlos Williams Spring and All
** William Carlos Williams Queen-Anne's-Lace
William Wordsworth Composed upon Westminster Bridge
James Wright Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio
Mary Sidney Wroth In this strange labyrinth
William Butler Yeats Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop
William Butler Yeats Sailing to Byzantium
William Butler Yeats When You Are Old
Drama
Talking with David Ives
23 Reading a Play
Theatrical Conventions
Elements of a Play
Susan Glaspell Trifles
Was Minnie Wright to blame for the death of her husband? While the menfolk try to unravel a mystery, two women in the kitchen turn up revealing clues.
Analyzing Trifles
Writing Effectively
THINKING about a Play
CHECKLIST: Writing about a Play
Writing Assignment on Conflict
MORE Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
24 Modes of Drama: Tragedy and Comedy
Tragedy
Christopher Marlowe Scene From Doctor Faustus (Act 2, Scene 1)
In this scene from the classic drama, a brilliant scholar sells his soul to the devil. How smart is that?
Comedy
**David Ives Sure Thing
Bill wants to pick up Betty in a cafe, but he makes every mistake in the book. Luckily, he not only gets a second chance, but a third and a fourth as well
Writing Effectively
Thinking about Comedy
Checklist: Writing about Comedy
Writing Assignment on Comedy
Topics for Writing About Tragedy
Topics for Writing About Comedy
Terms for Review
25 The Theater of Sophocles
The Theater of Sophocles
The Civic Role of Greek Drama
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy
Sophocles
The Origins of Oedipus the King
Sophocles Oedipus the King (Translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald)
"Who is the man proclaimed / by Delphi's prophetic rock / as the bloody handed murderer / the doer of deeds that none dare name? / . . . Terrribly close on his heels are the Fates that never miss."
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Greek Tragedy
CHECKLIST: Writing about Greek Drama
Writing Assignment on Sophocles
More Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
26 The Theater of Shakespeare
The Theater of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare
A Note on Othello
Picturing Othello
William Shakespeare Othello, the Moor of Venice 1368
Here is a story of jealousy, that "green-eyed monster which doth mock / The meat it feeds on"-of a passionate, suspicious man and his blameless wife, of a serpent masked as a friend.
Writing Effectively
Understanding Shakespeare
Checklist:writing about shakespeare
Writing Assignment on Tragedy
More Topics for Writing
27 The Modern Theater
Realism
Henrik Ibsen A Doll's House (Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp, Revised by Viktoria Michelsen)
The founder of modern drama portrays a troubled marriage. Helmer, the bank manager, regards his wife Nora as a "little featherbrain"-not knowing the truth may shatter his smug world.
Experimental Drama
***Edward Bok Lee El Santo Americano
A wrestler and his unhappy wife drive through the desert to a surprising conclusion.
Writing Effectively
THINKING about Dramatic Realism
CHECKLIST: Writing about Realism
Writing Assignment on Realism
More Topics for Writing
Terms for Review
28 Plays for Further Reading
**Jane Martin Beauty
We've all wanted to be someone else at one time or another. But what would happen if we got our wish?
**Terrence McNally Andre's Mother
After Andre's funeral the four people who loved him most walk into Central Park together. Three of them talk about their grief, but Andre's mother remains silent about her son, dead of AIDS.
Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie
Painfully shy and retiring, shunning love, Laura dwells in a world as fragile as her collection of tiny figurines-until one memorable night a gentleman comes to call.
August Wilson Fences
A proud man's love for his family is choked by his rigidity and self-righteousness, in this powerful drama by a great American playwright of our time.
WRITING
29-Writing About Literature
Read Actively
Robert Frost Nothing Gold Can Stay
Think About the Reading
Plan Your Essay
Prewriting: Discover Your Ideas
Sample Student Prewriting Exercises
Develop a Literary Argument
Checklist: Developing an Argument
Write a Rough Draft
Sample Student Rough Draft On Robert Frost's "Nothing Gold Can Stay"
Revise Your Draft
Checklist: Revising Your Draft
Some Final Advice on Rewriting
Sample Student Revised Draft Lost Innocence in Robert Frost's "Nothing Gold Can Stay"
What's Your Purpose? Common Approaches to Writing About Literature 2083
Explication
Sample Student Paper By Lantern Light: An Explication of a Passage in Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart"
Robert Frost Design
Sample Student Paper An Unfolding of Robert Frost's "Design"
Analysis
Sample Student Paper Faded Beauty: Bishop's Use of Imagery in "The Fish"
Sample Student Paper Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?
Comparison and Contrast
Sample Student Paper Successful Adaptation in "A Rose for Emily" and "Miss Brill"
Response Paper
Sample Student Paper Response to Tim O'Brien's "The Things They Carried"
The Form of Your Finished Paper
Topics for Writing on Fiction
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
Topics for Writing on Poetry
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
Topics for Writing on Drama
Topics for Brief Papers
Topics for More Extended Papers
Topics for Long Papers
30 Writing a Research Paper
Browse the Research
Choose a Topic
Begin Your Research
Print Resources
Online Databases
Reliable Web Sources
Checklist:Finding Reliable Sources
Visual Images
Checklist: Using Visual Images
Evaluate Your Sources
Print Resources
Web Resources
Checklist: Evaluating Your Sources
Organize Your Research
Organize Your Paper
Maintain Academic Integrity
Acknowledge All Sources
quotations
Citing Ideas
Document Sources Using MLA Style
Parenthetical References
Works-Cited List
Citing Print Sources in MLA Style
Citing WeB Sources in MLA Style
Sample List of Works Cited
Reference Guide for Citations
Credits
Index of Authors and Titles
Index of Literary Terms