Where the Evidence Leads
A Realistic Strategy for Peace and Human Security
Published on 18. January 2022
Book
Hardback
440 pages
978-0-19-758664-8 (ISBN)
Description
By shifting American security policy away from maximizing military power for the United States and toward maximizing human security for all, policymakers and citizens can also maximize national security for the United States and sustainable peace for the world.
Why do war and political violence persist? Political realists argue that violent conflict and the struggle for power are inherent in the international system, and there is little we can do but manage it. However, as Robert Johansen argues in this path-breaking work, there are other ways forward. In Where the Evidence Leads, Johansen develops an "empirical realist" theory to enable the United Sates to respond more effectively to rising security threats. Together, peace research and security studies show that more security benefits are likely to result from maximizing the "causes" or correlates of peace than from maximizing military power. Ironically, a global grand strategy for human security, with national security folded into it, is likely to produce more security for the United States than a national security strategy. Peace reigns when states implement peace correlates, which range from addressing all nations' security fears to making life more predictable through better global governance. This approach, respectful of forgotten insights from Hans Morgenthau and others, revolutionizes thinking about national security policy by bringing it into a human security framework. The analysis shows that the anarchic, militarized balance-of-power system can be gradually changed with help from enhanced lawmaking, enforcement, and governance capacities. This thought-provoking book builds bridges between past policies-many of which have failed-and more deft ways of handling new realities that focus on building peace. In a world of threats, this book opens doors onto a future of sustainable peace, security, and hope.
Why do war and political violence persist? Political realists argue that violent conflict and the struggle for power are inherent in the international system, and there is little we can do but manage it. However, as Robert Johansen argues in this path-breaking work, there are other ways forward. In Where the Evidence Leads, Johansen develops an "empirical realist" theory to enable the United Sates to respond more effectively to rising security threats. Together, peace research and security studies show that more security benefits are likely to result from maximizing the "causes" or correlates of peace than from maximizing military power. Ironically, a global grand strategy for human security, with national security folded into it, is likely to produce more security for the United States than a national security strategy. Peace reigns when states implement peace correlates, which range from addressing all nations' security fears to making life more predictable through better global governance. This approach, respectful of forgotten insights from Hans Morgenthau and others, revolutionizes thinking about national security policy by bringing it into a human security framework. The analysis shows that the anarchic, militarized balance-of-power system can be gradually changed with help from enhanced lawmaking, enforcement, and governance capacities. This thought-provoking book builds bridges between past policies-many of which have failed-and more deft ways of handling new realities that focus on building peace. In a world of threats, this book opens doors onto a future of sustainable peace, security, and hope.
Reviews / Votes
In this ambitious and masterful study, Johansen advances a set of sweeping principles and strategies for peace-building and security in the twenty-first century. * G. John Ikenberry, Foreign Affairs *More details
Series
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 241 mm
Width: 159 mm
Thickness: 28 mm
Weight
744 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-19-758664-8 (9780197586648)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Book
01/2022
Oxford University Press Inc
€42.50
Shipment within 15-20 days
E-Book
10/2021
OUP eBook
€19.99
Available for download
E-Book
10/2021
OUP eBook
€19.99
Available for download
Person
Robert C. Johansen is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame in the Keough School of Global Affairs and Senior Fellow at the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies.
Content
Contents
Tables
Figures
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Are Peace and Security Really Possible?
Chapter 1: Understanding New Global Realities
1.1: War: Declining Utility
1.2: Non-State Actors: Rising Power
1.3: Non-Military Threats: Increasing Insecurity
1.4: National Military Competition: Growing Vulnerabilities
1.5: Nonviolent Campaigns: Offering Possibilities
1.6: The Rule of Law: Seeking Traction
1.7: Global Governance: Needing Nurture
Chapter 2: Conceiving a Security-Enhancing Theory
2.1: Respecting Empirical Reality
2.2: Respecting Human Dignity
2.3: Expanding Peacebuilding Theory
2.4: Recognizing Nationalism's Help and Hindrance
2.5: Cosmopolitanizing Nationalism
2.6: Open Questions
Chapter 3: Watching National Policies Fail
3.1: Misaligning Military Power and Security
3.2: Misaligning Economic Assets and Abolition of Poverty
3.3: Misaligning Economic Competition and Cooperation
3.4: Misaligning Environmental Assets and Environmental Needs
3.5: Misaligning the Power of Law and Global Security
Chapter 4: Recognizing Structural Breakdown
4.1: Bringing the Tragedy of the Commons
4.2: Forgetting the Reciprocity of Nuremburg
4.3: Missing Opportunities for a "New Era"
4.4: Ignoring Deficiencies of the Nation-State
4.5: Recognizing the Desirability and Impossibility of World Government
4.6: Considering a New System
4.7: Hanging onto Diplomatic Habits
4.8: Considering a Global Grand Strategy
Chapter 5: Developing a Security-Enhancing Strategy
5.1: Reducing Fears
5.2: Emphasizing Human Security
5.3: Respecting Reciprocity
5.4: Implementing Equity
5.5: Strengthening Legal Muscles
5.6: Growing Global Governance
5.7: Signs of Hope
Chapter 6: Fostering System Change
6.1: Transcending Hyper-Independence
6.2: Enlarging the Security Community
6.3: Delivering More than National Governments
6.4: Disciplining Sovereignty
6.5: Enlivening Peace
Chapter 7: Designing Life-Enhancing Architecture
7.1: Strengthening International Law
7.2: Expanding Global Monitoring
7.3: Establishing Multinational Police Enforcement
7.4: Beginning Global Legislative Conversations
7.5: Achieving Economic Well-being for the Poor
7.6: Improving Environmental Health
Chapter 8: Building Human Security
8.1: Bolstering U.S. Democracy
8.2: Cosmopolitanizing National Interests
Chapter 9: Where the Evidence Leads
9.1: Weighing National Security and Human Security
9.2: Universalizing Respect for Human Dignity
9.3: Finding Empowerment in Human Rights
9.4: Increasing Transnational Cooperation
9.5: Seeking Quality Peace
9.6: Exerting Influence for Human Security
9.7: "Working Toward a World Without War"
9.8: Realizing the Vision
Endnotes
Bibliography
Index
Tables
Figures
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Are Peace and Security Really Possible?
Chapter 1: Understanding New Global Realities
1.1: War: Declining Utility
1.2: Non-State Actors: Rising Power
1.3: Non-Military Threats: Increasing Insecurity
1.4: National Military Competition: Growing Vulnerabilities
1.5: Nonviolent Campaigns: Offering Possibilities
1.6: The Rule of Law: Seeking Traction
1.7: Global Governance: Needing Nurture
Chapter 2: Conceiving a Security-Enhancing Theory
2.1: Respecting Empirical Reality
2.2: Respecting Human Dignity
2.3: Expanding Peacebuilding Theory
2.4: Recognizing Nationalism's Help and Hindrance
2.5: Cosmopolitanizing Nationalism
2.6: Open Questions
Chapter 3: Watching National Policies Fail
3.1: Misaligning Military Power and Security
3.2: Misaligning Economic Assets and Abolition of Poverty
3.3: Misaligning Economic Competition and Cooperation
3.4: Misaligning Environmental Assets and Environmental Needs
3.5: Misaligning the Power of Law and Global Security
Chapter 4: Recognizing Structural Breakdown
4.1: Bringing the Tragedy of the Commons
4.2: Forgetting the Reciprocity of Nuremburg
4.3: Missing Opportunities for a "New Era"
4.4: Ignoring Deficiencies of the Nation-State
4.5: Recognizing the Desirability and Impossibility of World Government
4.6: Considering a New System
4.7: Hanging onto Diplomatic Habits
4.8: Considering a Global Grand Strategy
Chapter 5: Developing a Security-Enhancing Strategy
5.1: Reducing Fears
5.2: Emphasizing Human Security
5.3: Respecting Reciprocity
5.4: Implementing Equity
5.5: Strengthening Legal Muscles
5.6: Growing Global Governance
5.7: Signs of Hope
Chapter 6: Fostering System Change
6.1: Transcending Hyper-Independence
6.2: Enlarging the Security Community
6.3: Delivering More than National Governments
6.4: Disciplining Sovereignty
6.5: Enlivening Peace
Chapter 7: Designing Life-Enhancing Architecture
7.1: Strengthening International Law
7.2: Expanding Global Monitoring
7.3: Establishing Multinational Police Enforcement
7.4: Beginning Global Legislative Conversations
7.5: Achieving Economic Well-being for the Poor
7.6: Improving Environmental Health
Chapter 8: Building Human Security
8.1: Bolstering U.S. Democracy
8.2: Cosmopolitanizing National Interests
Chapter 9: Where the Evidence Leads
9.1: Weighing National Security and Human Security
9.2: Universalizing Respect for Human Dignity
9.3: Finding Empowerment in Human Rights
9.4: Increasing Transnational Cooperation
9.5: Seeking Quality Peace
9.6: Exerting Influence for Human Security
9.7: "Working Toward a World Without War"
9.8: Realizing the Vision
Endnotes
Bibliography
Index