FDDI Handbook
High-Speed Networking Using Fiber and Other Media
Published on 13. April 1994
Book
Paperback/Softback
560 pages
978-0-201-56376-4 (ISBN)
Description
At 100 megabits per second - 10 times the speed of Ethernet - Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is the next generation of high-speed networking technology. Computer manufacturers have already developed FDDI interfaces for all major computer systems including supercomputers, workstations, and personal computers, a testament to the tremendous potential of this fiber-optic LAN standard. As a networking professional - whether a user, buyer, manager, or designer-you will find the FDDI Handbook an indispensable guide to understanding key concepts and features of this very important technology. This book covers all of the components of the FDDI standard as well as critical issues related to design, layout, purchase, and use. It answers many of the questions you may have, such as: *How does FDDI work and what factors influence its design? *How do I install and manage an FDDI network? *How should I configure the network for high availability and *performance? *What features should I look for when buying FDDI products? *Where do I turn if I need to use a different size or length of cable than that specified in the standard?
The discussion about network design, installation, and management also applies to other high-speed networking technologies. All of this information is presented in a style that is clear, simple, and entertaining, making the task of learning about FDDI both rewarding and enjoyable. "Raj Jain's FDDI Handbook will unquestionably be the definitive text on FDDI local area networks and their operation for years to come." - Dr. Everett O. Rigsbee III, Executive Secretary, IEEE 802 Standards Committee "Raj Jain has brought his talents for scientific analysis to the FDDI standards development process; now he brings his talents as a teacher to his new book on FDDI (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media) - we are richer for both." - Dr. Robert L. Fink, Vice Chair, ANSI X3T9 Technical Committee "An invaluable feature of the FDDI Handbook is the section on buying, installing and analyzing fiber cables and FDDI equipment. This stuff alone is worth the price of the admission." - SunExpert "In summary, this (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media) is the most authoritative and complete reference on FDDI that has crossed this writer's desk.
I wholeheartedly recommend it to anyone involved in FDDI development or deployment." - Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science "If you are using FDDI, or thinking about using it to fill in some gaps in your high-performance LAN while ATM gets sorted out, here's a "must buy" book (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media)." - ATM USER "FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media by Raj Jain is an excellent source for thorough coverage of this important new standard." - U.S. TECH 0201563762B04062001
The discussion about network design, installation, and management also applies to other high-speed networking technologies. All of this information is presented in a style that is clear, simple, and entertaining, making the task of learning about FDDI both rewarding and enjoyable. "Raj Jain's FDDI Handbook will unquestionably be the definitive text on FDDI local area networks and their operation for years to come." - Dr. Everett O. Rigsbee III, Executive Secretary, IEEE 802 Standards Committee "Raj Jain has brought his talents for scientific analysis to the FDDI standards development process; now he brings his talents as a teacher to his new book on FDDI (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media) - we are richer for both." - Dr. Robert L. Fink, Vice Chair, ANSI X3T9 Technical Committee "An invaluable feature of the FDDI Handbook is the section on buying, installing and analyzing fiber cables and FDDI equipment. This stuff alone is worth the price of the admission." - SunExpert "In summary, this (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media) is the most authoritative and complete reference on FDDI that has crossed this writer's desk.
I wholeheartedly recommend it to anyone involved in FDDI development or deployment." - Journal of Chemical Information and Computer Science "If you are using FDDI, or thinking about using it to fill in some gaps in your high-performance LAN while ATM gets sorted out, here's a "must buy" book (FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media)." - ATM USER "FDDI Handbook: High Speed Networking User Fiber and Other Media by Raj Jain is an excellent source for thorough coverage of this important new standard." - U.S. TECH 0201563762B04062001
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Boston
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 244 mm
Width: 195 mm
Thickness: 27 mm
Weight
1058 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-201-56376-4 (9780201563764)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Raj Jain is both an experienced author and a recognized FDDI authority with more than 15 years experience in the analysis and design of distributed systems. He conducts FDDI tutorials at numerous conferences, serves on the editorial boards of several periodicals, including The Journal of High Speed Networks, is a fellow of the IEEE, and is the vice-chair of ACM SIGCOMM. He is also the author of the award-winning The Art of Computer Systems Performance Analysis (John Wiley & Sons).
0201563762AB04062001
0201563762AB04062001
Content
(All chapters, except Chapters 12 and 26, conclude with a Summary, Further Reading and Self-Test Exercises.)
List of Boxes.
List of Sidebars.
About the Author.
Preface.
1. Overview.
What Is FDDI?
Ten Reasons to Get FDDI Now.
FDDI Network Configurations.
Sidebar: Religions of Networking.
Why Fiber?
Sidebar: History of Optical Communications.
Why a Ring?
Mechanisms to Enhance Fault Tolerance.
FDDI Protocol Components.
Types of Nodes.
Types of Ports.
Sidebar: Is a Concentrator Also a Station?
A Sample Topology.
Sidebar: Is FDDI a Misnomer?
2. Media Access Control.
Timed Token Access Method.
Sidebar: Media Access Methods.
Priorities.
Sidebar: What Is a Frame?
Token and Frame Formats.
Frame Status Indicators.
Frame Types.
Frame Check Sequence.
Counters.
Address Format.
Bit Order.
Sidebar: Gulliver's Travels: Little Endians Versus Big Endians.
Byte Order.
Stripping.
Creating the Token: Claim Token Process.
Sidebar: Multiple Names of the Target.
Monitoring the Ring: Valid Transmission Timer.
Locating Faults: Beacon Process.
Comparison of IEEE 802.5 and FDDI MACs.
3. Medium Independent Physical Layer.
Coding.
Sidebar: Bit, Baud, and Hertz.
Elasticity Buffer.
Sidebar: Frames Versus Packets Versus Messages Versus PDU.
Smoother.
Repeat Filter.
Line State Indication.
IEEE 802.5\penalty \@M \ Versus FDDI PHY.
4. Fundamentals of Optical Communication.
Components of an Optical Link.
Propagation of Light.
Attenuation.
Modes.
Dispersion.
Modal Dispersion.
Sidebar: Fiber Is Fattening.
Graded-Index and Step-Index Fibers.
Chromatic Dispersion.
Light Sources: LED Versus Laser Diodes.
Light Detectors: PIN Versus APD.
Connectors.
Bandwidth.
5. Optical Components: Physical Layer Medium Dependent.
Overview of Multimode Fiber PMD.
Why a 1300-nm Window for FDDI?
Sidebar: Potential Bandwidth of Fiber.
FDDI Fiber Specifications.
Transmitters.
Receivers.
Connectors.
Keying.
Optical Bypasses.
6. Single-Mode Fiber: SMF-PMD.
Differences from MMF-PMD.
Single-Mode Fiber Specifications.
Transmitters.
Receivers.
Connectors.
Optical Bypasses.
7. Low-Cost Fiber (LCF-PMD).
Key Design Decisions.
Station and Connector Labeling.
Alternative Fiber Types.
Jitter Allocation.
8. FDDI on Twisted-Pair Copper Cables.
Overview.
Types of Copper Cables.
EIA Categories for UTP Cables.
IBM Classification for Cables.
TP-PMD Design Issues.
Coding.
9. FDDI on SONET.
What Is SONET?
Protocol Layers of SONET.
Physical Components.
SONET Data Rates.
Frame Format.
FDDI to SONET Mapping.
Scrambling.
10. Station Management (SMT).
Overview.
Sidebar: Stations or People: Management Issues Are Similar.
Sidebar: Is SMT a Misnomer?
Sidebar: A Classification of Management Issues.
Frame-Based Management.
SMT Frame Format.
SMT Frame Classes.
Neighbor Information Frame.
Status Information Frame.
Echo Frame.
Resource Allocation Frame.
Request Denied Frame.
Status Report Frame.
Parameter Management Frame.
Extended Service Frame.
Synchronous Bandwidth Allocation.
11. Connection and Ring Management.
Connection Management.
Connection Rules.
Link Confidence Test.
Link Error Monitoring.
Fault Tracing (PC Trace).
Ring Scrubbing.
Orphan Frame Removal: Ring Purging.
Wrapping Avoidance: Global Hold.
Ring Management.
Fault Announcement: Directed Beacons.
Restricted Token Monitoring.
Duplicate Address Detection.
Automatic Fault Detection and Recovery.
12. Network Management: SNMP and FDDI MIB.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Sidebar: Types of Standards.
OSI Network Management Standards.
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
13. Extension for Telecommunications: FDDI-II.
Overview.
Cycles.
FDDI-II Protocol Components.
Monitor and Nonmonitor Stations.
Cycle Format.
Packet Switching in the Hybrid Mode.
Hybrid Mode Initialization.
Transmission Channels.
Circuits.
Bandwidth Management.
Error Recovery.
Hybrid Multiplexer (H-MUX).
Extensions to Station Management (SMT-2).
14. Enhanced Media Access Control: MAC-2.
Overview.
FDDI-II Support.
Bridge Support.
Frame Status Indicators and Bridges.
SMT Group Addresses.
Other Corrections.
New Counters.
Relationships Among Timing Parameters.
15. Enhanced Medium-Independent Physical Layer (PHY-2).
New Symbol.
Cycle Line.
Error Indication.
Repeat Filter.
Clock Jitter.
Bit Clock Characteristics.
Cycle Clock Characteristics.
Smoothers.
Limit Smoother.
Target Smoother.
16. FDDI Follow-On LAN.
Data Rate.
Applications.
Media Access Modes.
Media Access Method.
Physical Encoding.
Frame Stripping Method.
Topology.
FFOL Architecture.
17. Logical Link Control.
IEEE 802: Overview.
IEEE 802.2: Logical Link Control (LLC).
LLC Type 1.
LLC Type 2.
LLC Type 3.
LLC Type 4.
18. TCP/IP and OSI Protocols on FDDI.
TCP/IP Over IEEE 802 LANs.
ARP Over FDDI.
Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 Frame Translation.
IP Over FDDI.
RIP Over FDDI.
OSI Network Layer Protocols.
Impact of FDDI.
OSPF Over FDDI.
19. Buying and Installing Fiber Cables.
Overview.
Selecting Fiber.
Sidebar: Can You Use Multimode Fiber on Links Longer Than 2 km?
Sidebar: What About Plastic Fibers?
Sidebar: Dual-Window Fiber.
Buying Fiber Cables.
Installing Fiber Cables.
Sidebar: Rats Love Optical Fiber Cable.
Buying Connectors.
Splicing Fiber Cables.
National Electrical Code.
Laser Safety Considerations.
Verifying Cable Installation.
Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry.
20. Cable Plant: Design and Analysis.
Campus Cable Layout.
EIA-568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard.
Dual Homing.
Cable Plant Analysis.
Path Tracing.
Loss Analysis.
Bandwidth Analysis.
21. Buying FDDI Products: What to Look For.
FDDI Adapters.
Concentrators.
Bridges.
Sidebar: How FDDI Helped Join the Ethernet and Token Ring Camps.
Sidebar: Handling Foreign Mail: Translate or Encapsulate.
Routers.
Network Monitors.
22. Performance Under Heavy Load.
Performance Parameters.
Sidebar: Throughput, Load, and Utilization.
Performance Metrics.
A Simple Model.
Guidelines for Setting TTRT.
Effect of TTRT on Performance.
Other Problems with Large TTRT Values.
Effect of Ring Configuration.
Effect of Frame Size.
Effect of Synchronous Traffic.
Effect of Asymmetric Loading.
23. Performance Under Normal Load.
Computing Token Rotation Time.
Seven Known Properties of the Token Rotation Time.
Response Time.
Properties of FDDI Response Time.
Fairness.
Multiple-Priority Operation.
Thirteen Known Properties of the FDDI Priority Mechanism.
How Many Priority Levels?
24. Analytical Models, FDDI-II, and Adapter Performance Issues.
Analytical Models.
Utilization Monitoring.
FDDI-II Performance.
Adapter Performance Issues.
25. Error Analysis.
Taxonomy, Notation, and Assumptions.
What Error Rate Is Acceptable?
Effect of One Noise Event.
Frame Error Rate.
Token Loss Rate.
FCS Polynomial.
Merging Frames.
False Ending Delimiter.
False Starting Delimiter.
26. Conformance Testing.
What Is Conformance Testing?
Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement.
Abstract Test Suite (ATS).
International Standardized Profile (ISP).
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
Appendix A. Standards Organizations.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).
Sidebar: CCITT's X-Series Recommendations and Blue Books.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Sidebar: The ANSI Standards Making Process.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).
Electronic Industries Association (EIA).
Internet Activities Board (IAB).
Other Organizations.
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
Appendix B. Sources for Further Information.
FDDI Standards.
Product Buyers' Guides.
Magazines.
Conferences.
Manufacturers' Documentation.
List of Symbols.
Solutions to Self-Test Exercises.
Status of FDDI Standards.
Addresses of Manufacturers.
References.
Index. 0201563762T04062001
List of Boxes.
List of Sidebars.
About the Author.
Preface.
1. Overview.
What Is FDDI?
Ten Reasons to Get FDDI Now.
FDDI Network Configurations.
Sidebar: Religions of Networking.
Why Fiber?
Sidebar: History of Optical Communications.
Why a Ring?
Mechanisms to Enhance Fault Tolerance.
FDDI Protocol Components.
Types of Nodes.
Types of Ports.
Sidebar: Is a Concentrator Also a Station?
A Sample Topology.
Sidebar: Is FDDI a Misnomer?
2. Media Access Control.
Timed Token Access Method.
Sidebar: Media Access Methods.
Priorities.
Sidebar: What Is a Frame?
Token and Frame Formats.
Frame Status Indicators.
Frame Types.
Frame Check Sequence.
Counters.
Address Format.
Bit Order.
Sidebar: Gulliver's Travels: Little Endians Versus Big Endians.
Byte Order.
Stripping.
Creating the Token: Claim Token Process.
Sidebar: Multiple Names of the Target.
Monitoring the Ring: Valid Transmission Timer.
Locating Faults: Beacon Process.
Comparison of IEEE 802.5 and FDDI MACs.
3. Medium Independent Physical Layer.
Coding.
Sidebar: Bit, Baud, and Hertz.
Elasticity Buffer.
Sidebar: Frames Versus Packets Versus Messages Versus PDU.
Smoother.
Repeat Filter.
Line State Indication.
IEEE 802.5\penalty \@M \ Versus FDDI PHY.
4. Fundamentals of Optical Communication.
Components of an Optical Link.
Propagation of Light.
Attenuation.
Modes.
Dispersion.
Modal Dispersion.
Sidebar: Fiber Is Fattening.
Graded-Index and Step-Index Fibers.
Chromatic Dispersion.
Light Sources: LED Versus Laser Diodes.
Light Detectors: PIN Versus APD.
Connectors.
Bandwidth.
5. Optical Components: Physical Layer Medium Dependent.
Overview of Multimode Fiber PMD.
Why a 1300-nm Window for FDDI?
Sidebar: Potential Bandwidth of Fiber.
FDDI Fiber Specifications.
Transmitters.
Receivers.
Connectors.
Keying.
Optical Bypasses.
6. Single-Mode Fiber: SMF-PMD.
Differences from MMF-PMD.
Single-Mode Fiber Specifications.
Transmitters.
Receivers.
Connectors.
Optical Bypasses.
7. Low-Cost Fiber (LCF-PMD).
Key Design Decisions.
Station and Connector Labeling.
Alternative Fiber Types.
Jitter Allocation.
8. FDDI on Twisted-Pair Copper Cables.
Overview.
Types of Copper Cables.
EIA Categories for UTP Cables.
IBM Classification for Cables.
TP-PMD Design Issues.
Coding.
9. FDDI on SONET.
What Is SONET?
Protocol Layers of SONET.
Physical Components.
SONET Data Rates.
Frame Format.
FDDI to SONET Mapping.
Scrambling.
10. Station Management (SMT).
Overview.
Sidebar: Stations or People: Management Issues Are Similar.
Sidebar: Is SMT a Misnomer?
Sidebar: A Classification of Management Issues.
Frame-Based Management.
SMT Frame Format.
SMT Frame Classes.
Neighbor Information Frame.
Status Information Frame.
Echo Frame.
Resource Allocation Frame.
Request Denied Frame.
Status Report Frame.
Parameter Management Frame.
Extended Service Frame.
Synchronous Bandwidth Allocation.
11. Connection and Ring Management.
Connection Management.
Connection Rules.
Link Confidence Test.
Link Error Monitoring.
Fault Tracing (PC Trace).
Ring Scrubbing.
Orphan Frame Removal: Ring Purging.
Wrapping Avoidance: Global Hold.
Ring Management.
Fault Announcement: Directed Beacons.
Restricted Token Monitoring.
Duplicate Address Detection.
Automatic Fault Detection and Recovery.
12. Network Management: SNMP and FDDI MIB.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP).
Sidebar: Types of Standards.
OSI Network Management Standards.
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
13. Extension for Telecommunications: FDDI-II.
Overview.
Cycles.
FDDI-II Protocol Components.
Monitor and Nonmonitor Stations.
Cycle Format.
Packet Switching in the Hybrid Mode.
Hybrid Mode Initialization.
Transmission Channels.
Circuits.
Bandwidth Management.
Error Recovery.
Hybrid Multiplexer (H-MUX).
Extensions to Station Management (SMT-2).
14. Enhanced Media Access Control: MAC-2.
Overview.
FDDI-II Support.
Bridge Support.
Frame Status Indicators and Bridges.
SMT Group Addresses.
Other Corrections.
New Counters.
Relationships Among Timing Parameters.
15. Enhanced Medium-Independent Physical Layer (PHY-2).
New Symbol.
Cycle Line.
Error Indication.
Repeat Filter.
Clock Jitter.
Bit Clock Characteristics.
Cycle Clock Characteristics.
Smoothers.
Limit Smoother.
Target Smoother.
16. FDDI Follow-On LAN.
Data Rate.
Applications.
Media Access Modes.
Media Access Method.
Physical Encoding.
Frame Stripping Method.
Topology.
FFOL Architecture.
17. Logical Link Control.
IEEE 802: Overview.
IEEE 802.2: Logical Link Control (LLC).
LLC Type 1.
LLC Type 2.
LLC Type 3.
LLC Type 4.
18. TCP/IP and OSI Protocols on FDDI.
TCP/IP Over IEEE 802 LANs.
ARP Over FDDI.
Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 Frame Translation.
IP Over FDDI.
RIP Over FDDI.
OSI Network Layer Protocols.
Impact of FDDI.
OSPF Over FDDI.
19. Buying and Installing Fiber Cables.
Overview.
Selecting Fiber.
Sidebar: Can You Use Multimode Fiber on Links Longer Than 2 km?
Sidebar: What About Plastic Fibers?
Sidebar: Dual-Window Fiber.
Buying Fiber Cables.
Installing Fiber Cables.
Sidebar: Rats Love Optical Fiber Cable.
Buying Connectors.
Splicing Fiber Cables.
National Electrical Code.
Laser Safety Considerations.
Verifying Cable Installation.
Optical Time-Domain Reflectometry.
20. Cable Plant: Design and Analysis.
Campus Cable Layout.
EIA-568 Commercial Building Wiring Standard.
Dual Homing.
Cable Plant Analysis.
Path Tracing.
Loss Analysis.
Bandwidth Analysis.
21. Buying FDDI Products: What to Look For.
FDDI Adapters.
Concentrators.
Bridges.
Sidebar: How FDDI Helped Join the Ethernet and Token Ring Camps.
Sidebar: Handling Foreign Mail: Translate or Encapsulate.
Routers.
Network Monitors.
22. Performance Under Heavy Load.
Performance Parameters.
Sidebar: Throughput, Load, and Utilization.
Performance Metrics.
A Simple Model.
Guidelines for Setting TTRT.
Effect of TTRT on Performance.
Other Problems with Large TTRT Values.
Effect of Ring Configuration.
Effect of Frame Size.
Effect of Synchronous Traffic.
Effect of Asymmetric Loading.
23. Performance Under Normal Load.
Computing Token Rotation Time.
Seven Known Properties of the Token Rotation Time.
Response Time.
Properties of FDDI Response Time.
Fairness.
Multiple-Priority Operation.
Thirteen Known Properties of the FDDI Priority Mechanism.
How Many Priority Levels?
24. Analytical Models, FDDI-II, and Adapter Performance Issues.
Analytical Models.
Utilization Monitoring.
FDDI-II Performance.
Adapter Performance Issues.
25. Error Analysis.
Taxonomy, Notation, and Assumptions.
What Error Rate Is Acceptable?
Effect of One Noise Event.
Frame Error Rate.
Token Loss Rate.
FCS Polynomial.
Merging Frames.
False Ending Delimiter.
False Starting Delimiter.
26. Conformance Testing.
What Is Conformance Testing?
Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement.
Abstract Test Suite (ATS).
International Standardized Profile (ISP).
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
Appendix A. Standards Organizations.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
The International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT).
Sidebar: CCITT's X-Series Recommendations and Blue Books.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
Sidebar: The ANSI Standards Making Process.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE).
Electronic Industries Association (EIA).
Internet Activities Board (IAB).
Other Organizations.
Further Reading.
Self-Test Exercises.
Appendix B. Sources for Further Information.
FDDI Standards.
Product Buyers' Guides.
Magazines.
Conferences.
Manufacturers' Documentation.
List of Symbols.
Solutions to Self-Test Exercises.
Status of FDDI Standards.
Addresses of Manufacturers.
References.
Index. 0201563762T04062001