Social Stratification
5th Edition
Will be published approx. on 31. August 2026
Book
Hardback
1488 pages
978-1-041-15956-8 (ISBN)
Description
Is it possible to understand what causes inequality, why it is increasing, and how to reduce it . . . all in a single volume? It is! In this all-new fifth edition of Social Stratification, the burgeoning field of inequality is crystallized into 250 core pieces, each presented in readable, distilled form.
Because rising inequality is now understood as a core cause of ongoing social upheaval, it is no longer a dusty scholarly topic addressed by just a few disciplines. It has suddenly become an active, contentious, interdisciplinary field that simply can't be mastered without broad study in economics, sociology, psychology, data science, and many other fields. That's a tall order! This volume meets the challenge by selecting and distilling the contributions that have shaped the field and define our opportunities to take on rising inequality.
Who will benefit from this book? It is admittedly not for the faint of heart. It is instead built for those wanting to dig in and master the field, including graduate and undergraduate students, long-standing scholars who need to "brush up," and pretty much anyone who is committed to understanding why the world is falling apart and whether anything can be done about it.
Because rising inequality is now understood as a core cause of ongoing social upheaval, it is no longer a dusty scholarly topic addressed by just a few disciplines. It has suddenly become an active, contentious, interdisciplinary field that simply can't be mastered without broad study in economics, sociology, psychology, data science, and many other fields. That's a tall order! This volume meets the challenge by selecting and distilling the contributions that have shaped the field and define our opportunities to take on rising inequality.
Who will benefit from this book? It is admittedly not for the faint of heart. It is instead built for those wanting to dig in and master the field, including graduate and undergraduate students, long-standing scholars who need to "brush up," and pretty much anyone who is committed to understanding why the world is falling apart and whether anything can be done about it.
More details
Edition
5th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
London
United Kingdom
Publishing group
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Target group
College/higher education
Undergraduate Advanced and Undergraduate Core
Illustrations
52 s/w Tabellen, 237 s/w Abbildungen, 237 s/w Zeichnungen
52 Tables, black and white; 237 Line drawings, black and white; 237 Illustrations, black and white
Dimensions
Height: 254 mm
Width: 178 mm
ISBN-13
978-1-041-15956-8 (9781041159568)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Michelle Jackson | Nima Dahir | Claire Daviss
Social Stratification
E-Book
approx. 08/2026
5th Edition
Routledge
€112.99
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Michelle Jackson | Nima Dahir | Claire Daviss
Social Stratification
Book
approx. 08/2026
5th Edition
Routledge
€117.50
Not yet published
Michelle Jackson | Nima Dahir | Claire Daviss
Social Stratification
E-Book
approx. 08/2026
5th Edition
Routledge
€112.99
Not yet available
Previous edition
Book
05/2019
4th Edition
Routledge
€173.50
Shipment within 15-20 days
Persons
Michelle Jackson is Associate Professor of Sociology at Stanford University. In her most recent book, The Division of Rationalized Labor, she examines changes in the division of labor in the United States over the past 150 years.
Nima Dahir is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Ohio State University as well as Faculty Affiliate with the Institute for Population Research and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. Her research explores how Blackness and immigration relate to neighborhood choice and change in American cities.
Claire Daviss is Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior at the School of Industrial and Labor Relations and Sociology, by courtesy, at Cornell University. Her research draws on large-scale administrative datasets and online survey experiments to advance organizational and interactional theories of labor market inequality.
David B. Grusky is Professor of Sociology and Faculty Director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Stanford University. His research aims to build new and better ways of describing, monitoring, and reducing inequality.
Nima Dahir is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the Ohio State University as well as Faculty Affiliate with the Institute for Population Research and the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity. Her research explores how Blackness and immigration relate to neighborhood choice and change in American cities.
Claire Daviss is Assistant Professor of Organizational Behavior at the School of Industrial and Labor Relations and Sociology, by courtesy, at Cornell University. Her research draws on large-scale administrative datasets and online survey experiments to advance organizational and interactional theories of labor market inequality.
David B. Grusky is Professor of Sociology and Faculty Director of the Center on Poverty and Inequality at Stanford University. His research aims to build new and better ways of describing, monitoring, and reducing inequality.
Content
Introduction
1. The March of Inequality
David B. Grusky, Nima Dahir, Claire Daviss, and Michelle Jackson
2. The Laws of Inequality
David B. Grusky, Nima Dahir, Claire Daviss, and Michelle Jackson
Part I. Inequality in Comparative Perspective
3. Varieties of Capitalism and Inequality
Peter A. Hall
4. State Socialism and After
Andrew G. Walder
Part II. Forces of History Behind Inequality
Capitalism and Power
5. The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
6. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy: Preface
Karl Marx
7. Class Conflict in the Capitalist World Economy
Immanuel Wallerstein
8. Marxism and the Negro Problem
W.E.B. Du Bois
9. The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union
Heidi Hartmann
10. The Global Democratic Recession and the Future of Democracy
Larry Diamond
11. The Loss Society
Michelle Jackson and David B. Grusky
Rationalization-Based Theories of History
12. Rationalization
Max Weber
13. The Roots of Stratification in Global Cultural Individualism
Evan Schofer and John W. Meyer
14. Rationalized Stratification
Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy
Division of Labor
15. Of the Division of Labour
Adam Smith
16. Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Emile Durkheim
17. The Paradox of Specialization
Michelle Jackson
18. Rebalancing AI
Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson
Race
19. The Conservation of Races
W.E.B. Du Bois
20. Racial Formation in the United States
Michael Omi and Howard Winant
21. Assimilation Theory for an Era of Unprecedented Diversity
Richard Alba and Victor Nee
22. The Declining Significance of Race: Revisited and Revised
William Julius Wilson
23. The Immigrant Enclave
Alejandro Portes and Robert D. Manning
24. How Replenishment Strengthens Racial and Ethnic Boundaries
Tomas R. Jimenez
25. The Structure of Racism in Color-Blind, "Post-Racial" America
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
26. American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Politics and the Resurgence of Identity
Joane Nagel
27. The Current State of Native American Inequality
Beth Redbird
Gender
28. Women and Capitalism: Dialectics of Oppression and Liberation
Angela Y. Davis
29. Problems of Women's Liberation
He Zhen
30. The Quiet Revolution
Claudia Goldin
31. The Social Construction and Institutionalization of Gender and Race
Evelyn Nakano Glenn
32. The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled
Paula England
33. The Persistence of Gender Inequality
Cecilia Ridgeway
Part III. Normative Theories of Inequality
34. Principles of Justice
John Rawls
35. Distributive Justice
Robert Nozick
36. From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality
Amartya K. Sen
37. Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements
Martha C. Nussbaum
38. Equality and Responsibility
John E. Roemer
39. Equality
Ronald Dworkin
40. What is the Point of Equality?
Elizabeth S. Anderson
41. The Logic of Effective Altruism
Peter Singer
Part IV. Income and Wealth Inequality
Income Inequality
42. Economic Growth and Income Inequality
Simon Kuznets
43. Global Income Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
44. The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States
Emmanuel Saez
45. (Some) Inequality Is Good For You
Richard B. Freeman
46. Rising Economic Inequality: Is It a Problem and What Are Its Causes?
Robert H. Frank
47. The Race Between Education and Technology
Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz
48. Top Down or Bottom Up? Education vs. Income Concentration as Drivers of Inequality
David Autor
49. Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organization, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
50. CEO Compensation Drives Top-End Income and Wage Inequality and Reflects Rents
Lawrence Mishel, Jori Kandra and Josh Bivens
51. Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century
Henry S. Farber, Daniel Herbst, Ilyana Kuziemko, and Suresh Naidu
52. Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes
Arindrajit Dube
53. Rapid Wage Growth at the Bottom Has Offset Rising US Inequality
Clem Aeppli and Nathan Wilmers
54. Firming Up Inequality
David J. Price, Fatih Guvenen, and Nicholas Bloom
Wealth Inequality
55. Global Wealth Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
56. Exploding Wealth Inequality in the United States
Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman
57. Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Thomas Piketty
58. Wealth Of Two Nations: The U.S. Racial Wealth Gap, 1860-2020
Ellora Derenoncourt, Chi Hyun Kim, Moritz Kuhn, and Moritz Schularick
Part V. Class
Conflict Theories of Class
59. Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism
Karl Marx
60. Alienation and Social Classes
Karl Marx
61. Ideology and Class
Karl Marx
62. A General Framework for the Analysis of Class Structure
Erik Olin Wright
63. The Forms of Capital
Pierre Bourdieu
Institutional Theories of Class
64. Class, Status, Party
Max Weber
65. Status Groups and Classes
Max Weber
66. Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique
Frank Parkin
67. Class Analysis in Modern Societies: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Application
Erzsebet Bukodi and John H. Goldthorpe
Cultural and Lifestyle Models of Class
68. The Division of Labor in Society
Emile Durkheim
69. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
Pierre Bourdieu
70. Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life
Annette Lareau
71. A Wide-Angle Lens on the Psychology of Social Class
Hazel Rose Markus and Susan T. Fiske
Gradationalism
72. Income and Wealth as Salient Gradational Aspects of Stratification
David Brady
73. Occupational Status and Prestige as Multidimensional Constructs
Wenhao Jiang
Part VI. Race and Ethnicity
Identity
74. The Souls of Black Folk: Of Our Spiritual Strivings
W.E.B. Du Bois
75. Racial Identity Development
Kristen A. Renn
76. Black Advantage Vision: A New Paradigm for Racial Stratification Research
Mary Pattillo
77. White Identity Politics: How White Racial Solidarity Shapes Contemporary Politics
Ashley Jardina
78. Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only?
Mary C. Waters
Intergroup Relations
79. Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Herbert Blumer
80. A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market
Edna Bonacich
81. How Established Populations Adjust to Immigrants
Tomas R. Jimenez
82. From Bi-Racial to Tri-Racial: Towards a New System of Racial Stratification in the USA
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
83. Racial Classification and Inequality in the United States
Ariela Schachter, Rene D. Flores, and Neda Maghbouleh
84. The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory
Andreas Wimmer
Discrimination and Attitudes
85. An Economic Theory of Discrimination
Gary S. Becker
86. Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan
87. Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments Shows No Change in Racial Discrimination in Hiring Over Time
Lincoln Quillian, Devah Pager, Ole Hexel, and Arnfinn Midtboen
88. Everyday Discrimination: Defined, Measured, and Contextualized
Faith Deckard, Bridget J. Goosby, Philip Schwadel, and Jacob E. Cheadle
89. Stereotype Threat and African-American Student Achievement
Claude Steele
90. Racial Bias in Clinical and Population Health Algorithms
Madison Coots, Kristin A. Linn, Sharad Goel, Amol S. Navathe, and Ravi B. Parikh
Culture
91. Cultural Explanations for Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Academic Achievement: A Call for a New and Improved Theory
Natasha Warikoo and Prudence Carter
92. It's Not "a Black Thing": Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement
Karolyn Tyson, William Darity, Jr., and Domini R. Castellino
93. Explaining Asian American Academic Achievement
Amy Hsin and Yu Xie
94. Assessing What is Cultural About Asian Americans' Academic Advantage
Min Zhou and Jennifer Lee
Part VII. Gender
Theories
95. Gender as a Social Structure
Seth A. Behrends and Barbara J. Risman
96. Intersectionality
Kimberle Crenshaw
97. Why Race, Class, and Gender Matter
Margaret L. Andersen and Patricia Hill Collins
98. The Intersectional Effects of Race and Gender in Social Relations
Cecilia L. Ridgeway
99. Hybrid Masculinities: Theorizing Intersectional Shifts in Gendered Power and Inequality
Tristan Bridges and C.J. Pascoe
100. Doing Gender, Determining Gender: Transgender People, Gender Panics, and the Maintenance of the Sex/Gender/Sexuality System
Laurel Westbrook and Kristen Schilt
101. Trans Kids
Tey Meadow
102. Measurement Matters: Sex and Gender in Surveys
Aliya Saperstein and Laurel Westbrook
Family
103. Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?
Shelley J. Correll, Stephen Benard, and In Paik
104. Greedy Work
Claudia Goldin
105. Can We Finish the Revolution? Gender, Work-Family Ideals, and Institutional Constraint
David S. Pedulla and Sarah Thebaud
106. Shifting Burden of Carework: The Hidden Cost of Paid Childcare
Mary Romero
107. Inequality and Power in Families Headed by Two Moms
Mignon R. Moore
108. Social Science and Marriage Equality
Michael J. Rosenfeld
Labor Force and Employment
109. U.S. Female Labor Force Participation: Falling Behind Other Countries
Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
110. From Opt Out to Blocked Out: The Challenges for Labor Market Re-entry after Family-Related Employment Lapses
Katherine Weisshaar
111. Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of 'Blind' Auditions on Female Musicians
Claudia Goldin and Cecilia Rouse
112. Do Openly Gay Men Experience Employment Discrimination?
Andras Tilcsik
Gender Wage Gap
113. About Those 79 Cents
Adia Harvey Wingfield
114. The Sources of the Gender Pay Gap: An Economics Perspective
Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
115. Does an Occupation's Percent Female Affect How Much it Pays? An Update on the Devaluation Thesis
Paula England and Felix Busch
116. A Gender Agenda: A Progress Report on Competitiveness
Muriel Niederle
117. Overwork and the Slow Convergence in the Gender Gap in Wages
Youngjoo Cha and Kim A. Weeden
Occupational Gender Segregation
118. Trends in Occupational Gender Segregation
Kim A. Weeden
119. Who's a "Good Fit"? Segregation, Stereotypes, and STEM
Sarah Thebaud and Maria Charles
120. The Passion Principle and the Reproduction of Occupational Gender Segregation
Erin A. Cech
121. Gendered Organizations in the New Economy
Christine L. Williams, Chandra Muller, and Kristine Kilanski
122. Breaking the Glass Ceiling? The Effect of Board Quotas on Female Labour Market Outcomes in Norway
Marianne Bertrand, Sandra E. Black, Sissel Jensen, and Adriana Lleras-Muney
Sexual Violence
123. Inequality and Sexual Violence
Miriam Gleckman-Krut, Lanora Johnson, and Elizabeth A. Armstrong
124. Sexual Harassment in the #MeToo Era
Heather McLaughlin and Christopher Uggen
Part VIII. Elites
125. The Ruling Class
Gaetano Mosca
126. The Power Elite
C. Wright Mills
127. The Class-Dominance Theory of Power in the United States
G. William Domhoff
128. China's Evolving Oligarchy
Andrew G. Walder
129. The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class
Alvin W. Gouldner
130. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite
Shamus Rahman Khan
131. The Anxieties of Affluence
Rachel Sherman
Part IX. Poverty
Describing Poverty
132. The Evolution of Global Poverty, 1990-2030
Homi Kharas and Meagan Dooley
133. The Economic Lives of the Poor
Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo
134. Poverty Across the Nation: Intersections of Geography, Race, and Ethnicity
Juan M. Pedroza, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Linda M. Burton, and Whitney Welsh
135. Extreme Poverty Among Households with Children Since the 1996 Welfare Law
H. Luke Shaefer and Kathryn Edin
136. Income Volatility, Risk, and the Role of the Safety Net
Bradley L. Hardy
Explaining Poverty
137. Understanding Prosperity and Poverty: Geography, Institutions, and the Reversal of Fortune
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson
138. Institutions Matter, But Not for Everything
Jeffrey D. Sachs
139. Family Complexity, Poverty, and Social Stratification in the 21st Century
Laura Tach
140. Reconsidering Culture and Poverty
Mario L. Small, David J. Harding, and Michele Lamont
141. Does Immigration Hurt Poor Americans?
Giovanni Peri
142. Evicted
Matthew Desmond
143. Stressing out the Poor
Gary W. Evans, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Pamela Kato Klebanov
144. Some Consequences of Having Too Little
Anuj K. Shah, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir
145. Poverty, by America
Matthew Desmond
The Welfare System
146. How Rich Countries Lift Up the Poor
Lane Kenworthy
147. Taxing the Poor: How Some States Make Poverty Worse
Rourke O'Brien and Katherine Newman
148. Administrative Burden as a Mechanism of Inequality in Policy Implementation
Pamela Herd, Hilary Hoynes, Jamila Michener, and Donald Moynihan
Part X. Neighborhoods and Segregation
The Structure of Spatial Inequality
149. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton
150. Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations
Lincoln Quillian
151. What Would a New Kerner Commission Conclude Today?
Paul A. Jargowsky
152. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril among the Black Middle Class
Mary Pattillo
153. Inequality Need Not Be Destiny: Public Policy, Race, and Generational Trends in Homeownership
Christopher Famighetti and Darrick Hamilton
154. Income Inequality and Income Segregation
Sean Reardon and Kendra Bischoff
155. The Changing Geography of Poverty in Metropolitan America
Scott W. Allard
The Causes of Spatial Inequality
156. The Spatial Foundations of Stratification in the United States
Douglas S. Massey
157. Building Inequality: How the Housing Landscape Creates Segregation
Ann Owens
158. Networks, Neighborhood Searches, and the Social Processes of Segregation
Kyle Crowder and Maria Krysan
159. What the Segregation Framework Misses
Mary Pattillo
Neighborhood and Segregation Effects
160. Neighborhood as a Key Dimension of Urban Inequality
Robert J. Sampson
161. The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility
Raj Chetty and Nathan Hendren
162. Falling Violence and Rising Opportunity
Patrick Sharkey
163. Systematic Social Observation at Scale for Understanding Mechanisms of Inequality
Jackelyn Hwang
Part XI. Inequality, Law, and Punishment
Discipline and Policing
164. Discipline and Punish
Michel Foucault
165. Three Decades of Constructing Immigrants as Criminals
Cecilia Menjivar and Andrea Gomez Cervantes
166. School Punishment and the Reproduction of Inequality in Education
Edward W. Morris and Brea L. Perry
167. Empirical Approaches to Identify Systemic Discrimination in Policing
Alex Chohlas-Wood, Marissa Gerchick, Sharad Goel, Aziz Huq, Amy Shoemaker, Ravi Shroff, and Keniel Yao
168. Language from Police Body Camera Footage Shows Racial Disparities in Officer Respect
Rob Voigt, Nicholas P. Camp, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, William L. Hamilton, Rebecca C. Hetey, Camilla M. Griffiths, David Jurgens, Dan Jurafsky, and Jennifer L. Eberhardt
169. Down, Out, and Under Arrest: Policing and Everyday Life in Skid Row
Forrest Stuart
170. Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing
Sarah Brayne
171. Human Decisions vs Machine Predictions: Large-Scale Analysis of Bail Decision-Making
Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jure Leskovec, Jens Ludwig, and Sendhil Mullainathan
Incarceration
172. On Judicial Politics and Sentencing Decisions
Alma Cohen and Crystal S. Yang
173. Incarceration and Social Inequality
Bruce Western and Becky Pettit
174. A "Sea Change"? Continued Racial Disparities in Experiences with the U.S. Criminal Justice System
Bruce Western and Jessica Simes
175. Monetary Sanctions as a Pound of Flesh
Alexes Harris
176. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration
Devah Pager
177. Felony Disenfranchisement and Political Inequality in the 21st Century
Jeff Manza and Kevin Morris
Part XII. Education
Theory
178. Schools, Skills, and Synapses
James J. Heckman
179. Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction
Pierre Bourdieu
180. Explaining Educational Differentials
Richard Breen and John H. Goldthorpe
Primary and Secondary Schooling
181. The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor
Sean F. Reardon
182. The Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation
Rucker C. Johnson
183. The Effect of Charter Schools on School Segregation
Tomas Monarrez, Brian Kisida, and Matthew Chingos
184. Does School Spending Matter?
C. Kirabo Jackson, Rucker C. Johnson, and Claudia Persico
185. Tracking in Schools and Social Inequality
Emily Penner, Andrew Penner, Paul Hanselman, and Thurston Domina
College
186. Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment
Richard Breen, Ruud Luijkx, Walter Mueller and Reinhard Pollak
187. A Century of Educational Inequality in the United States
Michelle Jackson and Brian Holzman
188. Diversifying Society's Leaders? The Determinants and Consequences of Admission to Highly Selective Colleges
Raj Chetty, David J. Deming, and John N. Friedman
189. The Privileged Poor
Anthony Abraham Jack
190. The Coded Language of For-Profit Colleges
Tressie McMillan Cottom
191. Who Should Pay? Public Opinion on the Funding of Higher Education
Natasha Quadlin and Brian Powell
Returns
192. Does College Still Have Equalizing Effects?
Florencia Torche
193. Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States
Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas Turner, and Danny Yagan
194. Heterogeneous Effects of College on Reducing Poverty
Jennie E. Brand
195. Paying for the Party
Laura Hamilton and Elizabeth A. Armstrong
196. The Invisible Syllabus: How Mobile Apps Erode Human Capital
Panle Jia Barwick, Siyu Chen, Chao Fu, and Teng Li
Part XIII. Labor Market Institutions
Labor Force Participation
197. The Strength of the Labor Market Matters: Disparities and Trends in Labor Force Participation, 1979-2024
Elise Gould
198. Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation
David H. Autor
199. How the China Trade Shock Impacted U.S. Manufacturing Workers and Labor Markets
David H. Autor, David Dorn and Gordon Hanson
New Types of Work
200. The Great Risk Shift
Jacob S. Hacker
201. The Rise of Precarious Work
Arne L. Kalleberg
202. Remote Work's Growth Gift
Nicholas Bloom
203. More and More Companies Have Monopoly Power Over Workers' Wages. That's Killing the Economy
Suresh Naidu, Eric Posner, and Glen Weyl
204. "Alt Labor" Organizing Among Precarious Workers
Ruth Milkman
Networks and Matching
205. The Strength of Weak Ties
Mark S. Granovetter
206. A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties
Karthik Rajkumar, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson, Sinan Aral
207. Social Capital and Economic Mobility
Raj Chetty, Matthew O. Jackson, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel, Abigail Hiller, Sarah Oppenheimer, and The Opportunity Insights Team
208. Cultural Matching in Hiring
Lauren A. Rivera
209. Race and Networks in the Job Search Process
David S. Pedulla and Devah Pager
210. Race and the Enduring Effects of Labor Market Networks on Careers in the Workplace
Adina Sterling
Part XIV. Who Gets Ahead?
Theory and Measurement
211. An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility
Gary S. Becker and Nigel Tomes
212. Intergenerational Mobility
Neil A. Cholli and Steven N. Durlauf
213. Status Attainment Processes
Archibald O. Haller and Alejandro Portes
214. A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility
David L. Featherman and Robert M. Hauser
215. Microclass Mobility
Jan O. Jonsson, David B. Grusky, Matthew Di Carlo, and Reinhard Pollak
216. Linked Lives, Linked Trajectories: Intergenerational Association of Intragenerational Income Mobility
Siwei Cheng and Xi Song
Trends and Mechanisms
217. Class Origins, Education, and Class Destinations in the 20th Century
Richard Breen
218. Long-Term Decline in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States since the 1850s
Xi Song, Catherine G. Massey, Karen A. Rolf, Joseph P. Ferrie, Jonathan L. Rothbaum, and Yu Xie
219. Trends in Social Mobility in Postrevolution China
Yu Xie, Hao Dong, Xiang Zhou, and Xi Song
220. The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940
Raj Chetty, David B. Grusky, Maximilian Hell, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Manduca, and Jimmy Narang
221. Americans' Occupational Status Reflects the Status of Both of Their Parents
Michael Hout
222. Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the U.S, over Two Centuries
Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Elisa Jacome, and Santiago Perez
223. Changing Opportunity: How Changes in Children's Social Environments Have Increased Class Gaps and Reduced Racial Gaps in Economic Mobility
The Opportunity Insights Team
224. Income Inequality and Intergenerational Income Persistence in the United States
Deirdre Bloome
225. A Register-Based Study of Early-Life Disabilities and Income Attainment in Adulthood
Alexi Gugushvili, Jon Erik Finnvold, Therese Dokken, and Jan Grue
Part XV. Inequality's Broad Reach
Environment
226. The Economics of Welfare
Arthur Cecil Pigou
227. Climate Changes Inequality
Ankit Bhardwaj and Eric Klinenberg
228. Global Carbon Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
229. Intergenerational Inequities in Exposure to Climate Extremes
Wim Thiery, Stefan Lange, Joeri Rogelj, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Lukas Gudmundsson, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Marina Andrijevic et al.
230. Enhancing Diversity and Justice in Environmental Institutions in Times of Chaos
Dorceta E. Taylor
Health
231. Health Inequalities and the Psychosocial Environment: Two Scientific Challenges
Johannes Siegrist and Michael Marmot
232. The Fundamentals of Causality
Karen Lutfey and Jeremy Freese
233. Race and Ethnic Variation in College Students' Allostatic Regulation of Racism-Related Stress
Jacob E. Cheadle, Bridget J. Goosby, and K.J. Davidson-Turner
234. The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014
Raj Chetty, Michael Stepner, Sarah Abraham, Shelby Lin, Benjamin Scuderi, Nicholas Turner, Augustin Bergeron, and David Cutler
235. Health Inequality and Deaths of Despair
Anne Case and Angus Deaton
Politics
236. Globalism Against Democracy
Wolfgang Streeck
237. Globalization, Inequality and Populism
Dani Rodrik
238. What's the Matter with Kansas?
Thomas Frank
239. The Deep Story
Arlie Russell Hochschild
240. Money in Politics
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
241. Class Realignment and Gender in U.S. Presidential Voting, 1972-2016
Michael Hout
Social Movements
242. Movements Making Noise
Frances Fox Piven
243. Movements Against Inequality
Francesca Polletta and Edwin Amenta
244. The Longue Duree of Black Lives Matter
Alondra Nelson
245. Talking About It and Being About It: Differences by Race in the Perception of Policing and Protests
Corey D. Fields, Rahsaan Mahadeo, Lisa Hummel, and Sara Moore
Part XVI. What Can be Done?
246. Predistribution: Markets Cannot Do the Work of Governing
Heather Boushey and Somin Park
247. Redistribution Through Taxes and Transfers
Robert H. Frank
248. Public Goods and Services Make Life Better, and Less Unequal
Lane Kenworthy
249. Building a House on Sinking Ground
Anne Price, Fenaba Addo, and William Darity Jr.
250. The U.S. Drags Its Feet on Addressing Gender Inequality
Shelley J. Correll and Marianne Cooper
251. The Problem of Othering
John A. Powell and Stephen Menendian
1. The March of Inequality
David B. Grusky, Nima Dahir, Claire Daviss, and Michelle Jackson
2. The Laws of Inequality
David B. Grusky, Nima Dahir, Claire Daviss, and Michelle Jackson
Part I. Inequality in Comparative Perspective
3. Varieties of Capitalism and Inequality
Peter A. Hall
4. State Socialism and After
Andrew G. Walder
Part II. Forces of History Behind Inequality
Capitalism and Power
5. The Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx
6. A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy: Preface
Karl Marx
7. Class Conflict in the Capitalist World Economy
Immanuel Wallerstein
8. Marxism and the Negro Problem
W.E.B. Du Bois
9. The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union
Heidi Hartmann
10. The Global Democratic Recession and the Future of Democracy
Larry Diamond
11. The Loss Society
Michelle Jackson and David B. Grusky
Rationalization-Based Theories of History
12. Rationalization
Max Weber
13. The Roots of Stratification in Global Cultural Individualism
Evan Schofer and John W. Meyer
14. Rationalized Stratification
Marion Fourcade and Kieran Healy
Division of Labor
15. Of the Division of Labour
Adam Smith
16. Mechanical and Organic Solidarity
Emile Durkheim
17. The Paradox of Specialization
Michelle Jackson
18. Rebalancing AI
Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson
Race
19. The Conservation of Races
W.E.B. Du Bois
20. Racial Formation in the United States
Michael Omi and Howard Winant
21. Assimilation Theory for an Era of Unprecedented Diversity
Richard Alba and Victor Nee
22. The Declining Significance of Race: Revisited and Revised
William Julius Wilson
23. The Immigrant Enclave
Alejandro Portes and Robert D. Manning
24. How Replenishment Strengthens Racial and Ethnic Boundaries
Tomas R. Jimenez
25. The Structure of Racism in Color-Blind, "Post-Racial" America
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
26. American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Politics and the Resurgence of Identity
Joane Nagel
27. The Current State of Native American Inequality
Beth Redbird
Gender
28. Women and Capitalism: Dialectics of Oppression and Liberation
Angela Y. Davis
29. Problems of Women's Liberation
He Zhen
30. The Quiet Revolution
Claudia Goldin
31. The Social Construction and Institutionalization of Gender and Race
Evelyn Nakano Glenn
32. The Gender Revolution: Uneven and Stalled
Paula England
33. The Persistence of Gender Inequality
Cecilia Ridgeway
Part III. Normative Theories of Inequality
34. Principles of Justice
John Rawls
35. Distributive Justice
Robert Nozick
36. From Income Inequality to Economic Inequality
Amartya K. Sen
37. Capabilities as Fundamental Entitlements
Martha C. Nussbaum
38. Equality and Responsibility
John E. Roemer
39. Equality
Ronald Dworkin
40. What is the Point of Equality?
Elizabeth S. Anderson
41. The Logic of Effective Altruism
Peter Singer
Part IV. Income and Wealth Inequality
Income Inequality
42. Economic Growth and Income Inequality
Simon Kuznets
43. Global Income Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
44. The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States
Emmanuel Saez
45. (Some) Inequality Is Good For You
Richard B. Freeman
46. Rising Economic Inequality: Is It a Problem and What Are Its Causes?
Robert H. Frank
47. The Race Between Education and Technology
Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz
48. Top Down or Bottom Up? Education vs. Income Concentration as Drivers of Inequality
David Autor
49. Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organization, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
50. CEO Compensation Drives Top-End Income and Wage Inequality and Reflects Rents
Lawrence Mishel, Jori Kandra and Josh Bivens
51. Unions and Inequality Over the Twentieth Century
Henry S. Farber, Daniel Herbst, Ilyana Kuziemko, and Suresh Naidu
52. Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes
Arindrajit Dube
53. Rapid Wage Growth at the Bottom Has Offset Rising US Inequality
Clem Aeppli and Nathan Wilmers
54. Firming Up Inequality
David J. Price, Fatih Guvenen, and Nicholas Bloom
Wealth Inequality
55. Global Wealth Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
56. Exploding Wealth Inequality in the United States
Emmanuel Saez and Gabriel Zucman
57. Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Thomas Piketty
58. Wealth Of Two Nations: The U.S. Racial Wealth Gap, 1860-2020
Ellora Derenoncourt, Chi Hyun Kim, Moritz Kuhn, and Moritz Schularick
Part V. Class
Conflict Theories of Class
59. Classes in Capitalism and Pre-Capitalism
Karl Marx
60. Alienation and Social Classes
Karl Marx
61. Ideology and Class
Karl Marx
62. A General Framework for the Analysis of Class Structure
Erik Olin Wright
63. The Forms of Capital
Pierre Bourdieu
Institutional Theories of Class
64. Class, Status, Party
Max Weber
65. Status Groups and Classes
Max Weber
66. Marxism and Class Theory: A Bourgeois Critique
Frank Parkin
67. Class Analysis in Modern Societies: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Application
Erzsebet Bukodi and John H. Goldthorpe
Cultural and Lifestyle Models of Class
68. The Division of Labor in Society
Emile Durkheim
69. Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste
Pierre Bourdieu
70. Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life
Annette Lareau
71. A Wide-Angle Lens on the Psychology of Social Class
Hazel Rose Markus and Susan T. Fiske
Gradationalism
72. Income and Wealth as Salient Gradational Aspects of Stratification
David Brady
73. Occupational Status and Prestige as Multidimensional Constructs
Wenhao Jiang
Part VI. Race and Ethnicity
Identity
74. The Souls of Black Folk: Of Our Spiritual Strivings
W.E.B. Du Bois
75. Racial Identity Development
Kristen A. Renn
76. Black Advantage Vision: A New Paradigm for Racial Stratification Research
Mary Pattillo
77. White Identity Politics: How White Racial Solidarity Shapes Contemporary Politics
Ashley Jardina
78. Optional Ethnicities: For Whites Only?
Mary C. Waters
Intergroup Relations
79. Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position
Herbert Blumer
80. A Theory of Ethnic Antagonism: The Split Labor Market
Edna Bonacich
81. How Established Populations Adjust to Immigrants
Tomas R. Jimenez
82. From Bi-Racial to Tri-Racial: Towards a New System of Racial Stratification in the USA
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
83. Racial Classification and Inequality in the United States
Ariela Schachter, Rene D. Flores, and Neda Maghbouleh
84. The Making and Unmaking of Ethnic Boundaries: A Multilevel Process Theory
Andreas Wimmer
Discrimination and Attitudes
85. An Economic Theory of Discrimination
Gary S. Becker
86. Are Emily and Greg More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal? A Field Experiment on Labor Market Discrimination
Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan
87. Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments Shows No Change in Racial Discrimination in Hiring Over Time
Lincoln Quillian, Devah Pager, Ole Hexel, and Arnfinn Midtboen
88. Everyday Discrimination: Defined, Measured, and Contextualized
Faith Deckard, Bridget J. Goosby, Philip Schwadel, and Jacob E. Cheadle
89. Stereotype Threat and African-American Student Achievement
Claude Steele
90. Racial Bias in Clinical and Population Health Algorithms
Madison Coots, Kristin A. Linn, Sharad Goel, Amol S. Navathe, and Ravi B. Parikh
Culture
91. Cultural Explanations for Racial and Ethnic Stratification in Academic Achievement: A Call for a New and Improved Theory
Natasha Warikoo and Prudence Carter
92. It's Not "a Black Thing": Understanding the Burden of Acting White and Other Dilemmas of High Achievement
Karolyn Tyson, William Darity, Jr., and Domini R. Castellino
93. Explaining Asian American Academic Achievement
Amy Hsin and Yu Xie
94. Assessing What is Cultural About Asian Americans' Academic Advantage
Min Zhou and Jennifer Lee
Part VII. Gender
Theories
95. Gender as a Social Structure
Seth A. Behrends and Barbara J. Risman
96. Intersectionality
Kimberle Crenshaw
97. Why Race, Class, and Gender Matter
Margaret L. Andersen and Patricia Hill Collins
98. The Intersectional Effects of Race and Gender in Social Relations
Cecilia L. Ridgeway
99. Hybrid Masculinities: Theorizing Intersectional Shifts in Gendered Power and Inequality
Tristan Bridges and C.J. Pascoe
100. Doing Gender, Determining Gender: Transgender People, Gender Panics, and the Maintenance of the Sex/Gender/Sexuality System
Laurel Westbrook and Kristen Schilt
101. Trans Kids
Tey Meadow
102. Measurement Matters: Sex and Gender in Surveys
Aliya Saperstein and Laurel Westbrook
Family
103. Getting a Job: Is There a Motherhood Penalty?
Shelley J. Correll, Stephen Benard, and In Paik
104. Greedy Work
Claudia Goldin
105. Can We Finish the Revolution? Gender, Work-Family Ideals, and Institutional Constraint
David S. Pedulla and Sarah Thebaud
106. Shifting Burden of Carework: The Hidden Cost of Paid Childcare
Mary Romero
107. Inequality and Power in Families Headed by Two Moms
Mignon R. Moore
108. Social Science and Marriage Equality
Michael J. Rosenfeld
Labor Force and Employment
109. U.S. Female Labor Force Participation: Falling Behind Other Countries
Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
110. From Opt Out to Blocked Out: The Challenges for Labor Market Re-entry after Family-Related Employment Lapses
Katherine Weisshaar
111. Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of 'Blind' Auditions on Female Musicians
Claudia Goldin and Cecilia Rouse
112. Do Openly Gay Men Experience Employment Discrimination?
Andras Tilcsik
Gender Wage Gap
113. About Those 79 Cents
Adia Harvey Wingfield
114. The Sources of the Gender Pay Gap: An Economics Perspective
Francine D. Blau and Lawrence M. Kahn
115. Does an Occupation's Percent Female Affect How Much it Pays? An Update on the Devaluation Thesis
Paula England and Felix Busch
116. A Gender Agenda: A Progress Report on Competitiveness
Muriel Niederle
117. Overwork and the Slow Convergence in the Gender Gap in Wages
Youngjoo Cha and Kim A. Weeden
Occupational Gender Segregation
118. Trends in Occupational Gender Segregation
Kim A. Weeden
119. Who's a "Good Fit"? Segregation, Stereotypes, and STEM
Sarah Thebaud and Maria Charles
120. The Passion Principle and the Reproduction of Occupational Gender Segregation
Erin A. Cech
121. Gendered Organizations in the New Economy
Christine L. Williams, Chandra Muller, and Kristine Kilanski
122. Breaking the Glass Ceiling? The Effect of Board Quotas on Female Labour Market Outcomes in Norway
Marianne Bertrand, Sandra E. Black, Sissel Jensen, and Adriana Lleras-Muney
Sexual Violence
123. Inequality and Sexual Violence
Miriam Gleckman-Krut, Lanora Johnson, and Elizabeth A. Armstrong
124. Sexual Harassment in the #MeToo Era
Heather McLaughlin and Christopher Uggen
Part VIII. Elites
125. The Ruling Class
Gaetano Mosca
126. The Power Elite
C. Wright Mills
127. The Class-Dominance Theory of Power in the United States
G. William Domhoff
128. China's Evolving Oligarchy
Andrew G. Walder
129. The Future of Intellectuals and the Rise of the New Class
Alvin W. Gouldner
130. Privilege: The Making of an Adolescent Elite
Shamus Rahman Khan
131. The Anxieties of Affluence
Rachel Sherman
Part IX. Poverty
Describing Poverty
132. The Evolution of Global Poverty, 1990-2030
Homi Kharas and Meagan Dooley
133. The Economic Lives of the Poor
Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo
134. Poverty Across the Nation: Intersections of Geography, Race, and Ethnicity
Juan M. Pedroza, Marybeth J. Mattingly, Linda M. Burton, and Whitney Welsh
135. Extreme Poverty Among Households with Children Since the 1996 Welfare Law
H. Luke Shaefer and Kathryn Edin
136. Income Volatility, Risk, and the Role of the Safety Net
Bradley L. Hardy
Explaining Poverty
137. Understanding Prosperity and Poverty: Geography, Institutions, and the Reversal of Fortune
Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson
138. Institutions Matter, But Not for Everything
Jeffrey D. Sachs
139. Family Complexity, Poverty, and Social Stratification in the 21st Century
Laura Tach
140. Reconsidering Culture and Poverty
Mario L. Small, David J. Harding, and Michele Lamont
141. Does Immigration Hurt Poor Americans?
Giovanni Peri
142. Evicted
Matthew Desmond
143. Stressing out the Poor
Gary W. Evans, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, and Pamela Kato Klebanov
144. Some Consequences of Having Too Little
Anuj K. Shah, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir
145. Poverty, by America
Matthew Desmond
The Welfare System
146. How Rich Countries Lift Up the Poor
Lane Kenworthy
147. Taxing the Poor: How Some States Make Poverty Worse
Rourke O'Brien and Katherine Newman
148. Administrative Burden as a Mechanism of Inequality in Policy Implementation
Pamela Herd, Hilary Hoynes, Jamila Michener, and Donald Moynihan
Part X. Neighborhoods and Segregation
The Structure of Spatial Inequality
149. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass
Douglas S. Massey and Nancy A. Denton
150. Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations
Lincoln Quillian
151. What Would a New Kerner Commission Conclude Today?
Paul A. Jargowsky
152. Black Picket Fences: Privilege and Peril among the Black Middle Class
Mary Pattillo
153. Inequality Need Not Be Destiny: Public Policy, Race, and Generational Trends in Homeownership
Christopher Famighetti and Darrick Hamilton
154. Income Inequality and Income Segregation
Sean Reardon and Kendra Bischoff
155. The Changing Geography of Poverty in Metropolitan America
Scott W. Allard
The Causes of Spatial Inequality
156. The Spatial Foundations of Stratification in the United States
Douglas S. Massey
157. Building Inequality: How the Housing Landscape Creates Segregation
Ann Owens
158. Networks, Neighborhood Searches, and the Social Processes of Segregation
Kyle Crowder and Maria Krysan
159. What the Segregation Framework Misses
Mary Pattillo
Neighborhood and Segregation Effects
160. Neighborhood as a Key Dimension of Urban Inequality
Robert J. Sampson
161. The Impacts of Neighborhoods on Intergenerational Mobility
Raj Chetty and Nathan Hendren
162. Falling Violence and Rising Opportunity
Patrick Sharkey
163. Systematic Social Observation at Scale for Understanding Mechanisms of Inequality
Jackelyn Hwang
Part XI. Inequality, Law, and Punishment
Discipline and Policing
164. Discipline and Punish
Michel Foucault
165. Three Decades of Constructing Immigrants as Criminals
Cecilia Menjivar and Andrea Gomez Cervantes
166. School Punishment and the Reproduction of Inequality in Education
Edward W. Morris and Brea L. Perry
167. Empirical Approaches to Identify Systemic Discrimination in Policing
Alex Chohlas-Wood, Marissa Gerchick, Sharad Goel, Aziz Huq, Amy Shoemaker, Ravi Shroff, and Keniel Yao
168. Language from Police Body Camera Footage Shows Racial Disparities in Officer Respect
Rob Voigt, Nicholas P. Camp, Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, William L. Hamilton, Rebecca C. Hetey, Camilla M. Griffiths, David Jurgens, Dan Jurafsky, and Jennifer L. Eberhardt
169. Down, Out, and Under Arrest: Policing and Everyday Life in Skid Row
Forrest Stuart
170. Big Data Surveillance: The Case of Policing
Sarah Brayne
171. Human Decisions vs Machine Predictions: Large-Scale Analysis of Bail Decision-Making
Jon Kleinberg, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Jure Leskovec, Jens Ludwig, and Sendhil Mullainathan
Incarceration
172. On Judicial Politics and Sentencing Decisions
Alma Cohen and Crystal S. Yang
173. Incarceration and Social Inequality
Bruce Western and Becky Pettit
174. A "Sea Change"? Continued Racial Disparities in Experiences with the U.S. Criminal Justice System
Bruce Western and Jessica Simes
175. Monetary Sanctions as a Pound of Flesh
Alexes Harris
176. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration
Devah Pager
177. Felony Disenfranchisement and Political Inequality in the 21st Century
Jeff Manza and Kevin Morris
Part XII. Education
Theory
178. Schools, Skills, and Synapses
James J. Heckman
179. Cultural Reproduction and Social Reproduction
Pierre Bourdieu
180. Explaining Educational Differentials
Richard Breen and John H. Goldthorpe
Primary and Secondary Schooling
181. The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor
Sean F. Reardon
182. The Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation
Rucker C. Johnson
183. The Effect of Charter Schools on School Segregation
Tomas Monarrez, Brian Kisida, and Matthew Chingos
184. Does School Spending Matter?
C. Kirabo Jackson, Rucker C. Johnson, and Claudia Persico
185. Tracking in Schools and Social Inequality
Emily Penner, Andrew Penner, Paul Hanselman, and Thurston Domina
College
186. Nonpersistent Inequality in Educational Attainment
Richard Breen, Ruud Luijkx, Walter Mueller and Reinhard Pollak
187. A Century of Educational Inequality in the United States
Michelle Jackson and Brian Holzman
188. Diversifying Society's Leaders? The Determinants and Consequences of Admission to Highly Selective Colleges
Raj Chetty, David J. Deming, and John N. Friedman
189. The Privileged Poor
Anthony Abraham Jack
190. The Coded Language of For-Profit Colleges
Tressie McMillan Cottom
191. Who Should Pay? Public Opinion on the Funding of Higher Education
Natasha Quadlin and Brian Powell
Returns
192. Does College Still Have Equalizing Effects?
Florencia Torche
193. Income Segregation and Intergenerational Mobility Across Colleges in the United States
Raj Chetty, John N. Friedman, Emmanuel Saez, Nicholas Turner, and Danny Yagan
194. Heterogeneous Effects of College on Reducing Poverty
Jennie E. Brand
195. Paying for the Party
Laura Hamilton and Elizabeth A. Armstrong
196. The Invisible Syllabus: How Mobile Apps Erode Human Capital
Panle Jia Barwick, Siyu Chen, Chao Fu, and Teng Li
Part XIII. Labor Market Institutions
Labor Force Participation
197. The Strength of the Labor Market Matters: Disparities and Trends in Labor Force Participation, 1979-2024
Elise Gould
198. Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation
David H. Autor
199. How the China Trade Shock Impacted U.S. Manufacturing Workers and Labor Markets
David H. Autor, David Dorn and Gordon Hanson
New Types of Work
200. The Great Risk Shift
Jacob S. Hacker
201. The Rise of Precarious Work
Arne L. Kalleberg
202. Remote Work's Growth Gift
Nicholas Bloom
203. More and More Companies Have Monopoly Power Over Workers' Wages. That's Killing the Economy
Suresh Naidu, Eric Posner, and Glen Weyl
204. "Alt Labor" Organizing Among Precarious Workers
Ruth Milkman
Networks and Matching
205. The Strength of Weak Ties
Mark S. Granovetter
206. A Causal Test of the Strength of Weak Ties
Karthik Rajkumar, Guillaume Saint-Jacques, Iavor Bojinov, Erik Brynjolfsson, Sinan Aral
207. Social Capital and Economic Mobility
Raj Chetty, Matthew O. Jackson, Theresa Kuchler, Johannes Stroebel, Abigail Hiller, Sarah Oppenheimer, and The Opportunity Insights Team
208. Cultural Matching in Hiring
Lauren A. Rivera
209. Race and Networks in the Job Search Process
David S. Pedulla and Devah Pager
210. Race and the Enduring Effects of Labor Market Networks on Careers in the Workplace
Adina Sterling
Part XIV. Who Gets Ahead?
Theory and Measurement
211. An Equilibrium Theory of the Distribution of Income and Intergenerational Mobility
Gary S. Becker and Nigel Tomes
212. Intergenerational Mobility
Neil A. Cholli and Steven N. Durlauf
213. Status Attainment Processes
Archibald O. Haller and Alejandro Portes
214. A Refined Model of Occupational Mobility
David L. Featherman and Robert M. Hauser
215. Microclass Mobility
Jan O. Jonsson, David B. Grusky, Matthew Di Carlo, and Reinhard Pollak
216. Linked Lives, Linked Trajectories: Intergenerational Association of Intragenerational Income Mobility
Siwei Cheng and Xi Song
Trends and Mechanisms
217. Class Origins, Education, and Class Destinations in the 20th Century
Richard Breen
218. Long-Term Decline in Intergenerational Mobility in the United States since the 1850s
Xi Song, Catherine G. Massey, Karen A. Rolf, Joseph P. Ferrie, Jonathan L. Rothbaum, and Yu Xie
219. Trends in Social Mobility in Postrevolution China
Yu Xie, Hao Dong, Xiang Zhou, and Xi Song
220. The Fading American Dream: Trends in Absolute Income Mobility Since 1940
Raj Chetty, David B. Grusky, Maximilian Hell, Nathaniel Hendren, Robert Manduca, and Jimmy Narang
221. Americans' Occupational Status Reflects the Status of Both of Their Parents
Michael Hout
222. Intergenerational Mobility of Immigrants in the U.S, over Two Centuries
Ran Abramitzky, Leah Boustan, Elisa Jacome, and Santiago Perez
223. Changing Opportunity: How Changes in Children's Social Environments Have Increased Class Gaps and Reduced Racial Gaps in Economic Mobility
The Opportunity Insights Team
224. Income Inequality and Intergenerational Income Persistence in the United States
Deirdre Bloome
225. A Register-Based Study of Early-Life Disabilities and Income Attainment in Adulthood
Alexi Gugushvili, Jon Erik Finnvold, Therese Dokken, and Jan Grue
Part XV. Inequality's Broad Reach
Environment
226. The Economics of Welfare
Arthur Cecil Pigou
227. Climate Changes Inequality
Ankit Bhardwaj and Eric Klinenberg
228. Global Carbon Inequality
Lucas Chancel, Thomas Piketty, Emmanuel Saez, and Gabriel Zucman
229. Intergenerational Inequities in Exposure to Climate Extremes
Wim Thiery, Stefan Lange, Joeri Rogelj, Carl-Friedrich Schleussner, Lukas Gudmundsson, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Marina Andrijevic et al.
230. Enhancing Diversity and Justice in Environmental Institutions in Times of Chaos
Dorceta E. Taylor
Health
231. Health Inequalities and the Psychosocial Environment: Two Scientific Challenges
Johannes Siegrist and Michael Marmot
232. The Fundamentals of Causality
Karen Lutfey and Jeremy Freese
233. Race and Ethnic Variation in College Students' Allostatic Regulation of Racism-Related Stress
Jacob E. Cheadle, Bridget J. Goosby, and K.J. Davidson-Turner
234. The Association Between Income and Life Expectancy in the United States, 2001-2014
Raj Chetty, Michael Stepner, Sarah Abraham, Shelby Lin, Benjamin Scuderi, Nicholas Turner, Augustin Bergeron, and David Cutler
235. Health Inequality and Deaths of Despair
Anne Case and Angus Deaton
Politics
236. Globalism Against Democracy
Wolfgang Streeck
237. Globalization, Inequality and Populism
Dani Rodrik
238. What's the Matter with Kansas?
Thomas Frank
239. The Deep Story
Arlie Russell Hochschild
240. Money in Politics
Jacob S. Hacker and Paul Pierson
241. Class Realignment and Gender in U.S. Presidential Voting, 1972-2016
Michael Hout
Social Movements
242. Movements Making Noise
Frances Fox Piven
243. Movements Against Inequality
Francesca Polletta and Edwin Amenta
244. The Longue Duree of Black Lives Matter
Alondra Nelson
245. Talking About It and Being About It: Differences by Race in the Perception of Policing and Protests
Corey D. Fields, Rahsaan Mahadeo, Lisa Hummel, and Sara Moore
Part XVI. What Can be Done?
246. Predistribution: Markets Cannot Do the Work of Governing
Heather Boushey and Somin Park
247. Redistribution Through Taxes and Transfers
Robert H. Frank
248. Public Goods and Services Make Life Better, and Less Unequal
Lane Kenworthy
249. Building a House on Sinking Ground
Anne Price, Fenaba Addo, and William Darity Jr.
250. The U.S. Drags Its Feet on Addressing Gender Inequality
Shelley J. Correll and Marianne Cooper
251. The Problem of Othering
John A. Powell and Stephen Menendian