European Judicial Responses to Security Council Resolutions

Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
?A Setting the Scene
?B Structure
?C The Purpose of the Study
2 Security Council Resolutions Affecting Human Rights: Targeted Sanctions and Security Detentions
?A Security Council in the New Terrain of Unconventional Threats
?B Security Council Targeted Sanctions: Targeting Individuals in the Name of Peace
??I The Evolution of Targeted Sanctions
??II Applying Targeted Sanctions
??III UN Institutional Avenues for De-listing: The Focal Point and the Office of the Ombudsperson
??IV Implementation of Targeted Sanctions by Member States
??V Targeted Sanctions and the (Un)intended Consequences for Human Rights
??VI UN Initiatives to Incorporate Human Rights in the Context of Targeted Sanctions
?C Security Detentions Authorised by the Security Council
??I Resolutions Authorising Prolonged Detention
??II Displacing Human Rights through Indefinite Detentions
??III The UN Human Rights Initiatives in the Context of Security Detentions
?D Conclusions
3 Duty to Comply with Security Council Resolutions: The Force of the UN Charter
?A The Universal Reach of Security Council Resolutions
?B The Place of the UN Charter in UN Member States
??I Are all Security Council Resolutions in Compliance with the Charter?
?C The Place of the UN Charter in Non-UN Members
??I General Remarks
??II The Expected Observance of UN Charter Obligations by Non- UN Members
??III The UN Charter in the EU Legal Order
?D Conclusion
4 European Judicial Responses to Security Council Resolutions Affecting Individual Rights
?A Modes of Engagement
?B Subordination
??I Al- Jedda before the UK courts
??II Yusuf and Kadi before the EU Court of First Instance
??III Subsequent case- law of the EU Court of First Instance: Hassan v Council of the EU and Commission and Ayadi v Council of the EU
??IV Nada before the Swiss Federal Tribunal
??V Al- Dulimi before the Swiss Federal Tribunal
??VI General Observations
?C Detachment
??I Kadi I
??II Kadi II
??III What Triggers EU Disobedience: Between Autonomy and Human Rights
?D National Resistance through Constitutional Dualism
??I Ahmed before the UK Supreme Court
?E Harmonisation
??I Al-Jedda before the ECtHR
??II Nada before the ECtHR: Harmonisation at the Level of Implementation of Security Council Resolutions
??III General Observations on Al-Jedda and Nada : The Two-Level Harmonisation Approach
??IV Al-Dulimi before the ECtHR: A Temporary Stop in the Bosphorus and Back to Harmonisation
?F Conclusions
5 The Effects of the European Jurisprudence: Human Rights, Due Process Reform and the UN Charter
?A Raising Awareness: A Wave of Droit-de-l'hommisme in Times of Crisis
?B Ensuring Genuine Protection of Human Rights?
??I Implementation of Court Decisions
??II Mr Kadi
??III Mr Ayadi
??IV Mr Ahmed
??V Mr Abdulrahim
??VI Mr Nada
??VII Mr Sayadi and Ms Vinck
??VIII Mr Al Jedda
?C Encouraging Security Council Due Process Reform?
??I The Initial Impact of the European Courts-Contributing to the Establishment of the UN Office of the Ombudsperson
??II Splitting Apart on Future Reform: Between 'One-Size-Fits-All' and Contextual due Process
?D Clarifying Security Council Authorisations on Security Detentions?
??I The limits of Security Detentions
??II Remaining Challenges Concerning Security Council Resolutions Authorising Detentions
?E Testing the Legal Force of the UN Charter?
?F Conclusions
6 Conclusion
?A Overview
?B The Relevance of this Contribution for Future Engagement by European Courts with Security Council Resolutions
Bibliography