Egypt

Tables vii Figures ix Illustrations x 1 The State of Egypt at the Beginning of the Third Millennium 1 2 The People of Egypt 8 The complexity of Egyptian identity |8 Women in Egyptian society |15 The Copts - the descendants of the Pharaohs as a minority today |23 The Nubians - a people without a homeland ||27 The Bedouin of the marginal deserts |27 Dynamics of growth,spatial distribution and migration of the Egyptian population |29 3 From Foreign Rule to Self-determination 34 Egypt's history seen from an Egyptian perspective |34 Civil society in Egypt - an agent of social and political change??|37 4 Egypt's Natural Potential 42 Geological and morphological structures of the country |42 Climatic conditions |50 Soils |52 Vegetation,fauna and the processes of desertification |53 5 The Regional Structure of Egypt 57 The Western Desert |57 The Eastern Desert |60 The Sinai Peninsula and the Suez Canal Zone |61 The Nile Valley |64 The Nile Delta |65 6 Egypt 's Water Resources and Water Demand 67 Rainfall in Eg ypt - an under--used potential |68 Groundwater - a limited resource |69 The Nile |70 7 Development and Features of the Egyptian Economy 93 From socialism to capitalism - fifty years of changing economic policies |93 Deregulation of the economy and the problems of unemployment and migration |99 Education and the labour force |103 Egypt as a rentier state |110 8 Egypt 's Agriculture under Stress 114 Foreign currency versus food security |114 Land tenure and land distribution in Egypt |114 Historical development of Egypt 's agricultural production |121 The country 's agricultural production today |124 Land reclamation - Egypt 's hope for the future |140 Animal husbandry and the fishing industry |153 9 Old and New Industries in Egypt 157 The history of industrialization in Egypt |157 The economic and political background of Egyptian industries |163 The problems of Egypt 's industries today |170 10 Tourism in Egypt 175 International tourism |175 Domestic tourism |197 11 Egypt 's Urban Centres and Rural Settlements 202 Cairo metropolis |202 Mediterranean metropolis:Alexandria |222 The regional capitals |235 Towns in the desert - a rediscovered urbanization strategy for Egypt |241 Egypt 's rural settlements |245 12 The Prospects for Egypt 's Economy at the Beginning of the Twenty- first Century 247 The struggle for economic transformation |247 Egypt 's capital investment environment |250 Boosting research and technological development |251 Agricultural mega-projects for the third millen- nium |252 Sustainability of development in Egypt |254 References 255 Index 280