
Multivalency
Concepts, Research and Applications
Wiley (Publisher)
Will be published approx. on 26. January 2018
Book
Hardback
416 pages
978-1-119-14346-8 (ISBN)
Description
Connects fundamental knowledge of multivalent interactions with current practice and state-of-the-art applications
Multivalency is a widespread phenomenon, with applications spanning supramolecular chemistry, materials chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and biochemistry. This advanced textbook provides students and junior scientists with an excellent introduction to the fundamentals of multivalent interactions, whilst expanding the knowledge of experienced researchers in the field.
Multivalency: Concepts, Research & Applications is divided into three parts. Part one provides background knowledge on various aspects of multivalency and cooperativity and presents practical methods for their study. Fundamental aspects such as thermodynamics, kinetics and the principle of effective molarity are described, and characterisation methods, experimental methodologies and data treatment methods are also discussed. Parts two and three provide an overview of current systems in which multivalency plays an important role in chemistry and biology, with a focus on the design rules, underlying chemistry and the fundamental principles of multivalency. The systems covered range from chemical/materials-based ones such as dendrimers and sensors, to biological systems including cell recognition and protein binding. Examples and case studies from biochemistry/bioorganic chemistry as well as synthetic systems feature throughout the book.
* Introduces students and young scientists to the field of multivalent interactions and assists experienced researchers utilising the methodologies in their work
* Features examples and case studies from biochemistry/bioorganic chemistry, as well as synthetic systems throughout the book
* Edited by leading experts in the field with contributions from established scientists
Multivalency: Concepts, Research & Applications is recommended for graduate students and junior scientists in supramolecular chemistry and related fields, looking for an introduction to multivalent interactions. It is also highly useful to experienced academics and scientists in industry working on research relating to multivalent and cooperative systems in supramolecular chemistry, organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, chemical biology, biochemistry, materials science and nanotechnology.
More details
Edition
1. Auflage
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Product notice
sewn/stitched
Cloth over boards
Dimensions
Height: 251 mm
Width: 176 mm
Thickness: 27 mm
Weight
832 gr
ISBN-13
978-1-119-14346-8 (9781119143468)
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions

E-Book
12/2017
1st Edition
Wiley-ISTE
€109.99
Available for download

E-Book
11/2017
Wiley
€109.99
Available for download
Persons
Jurriaan Huskens, PhD (1968) is full professor "Molecular Nanofabrication" at the University of Twente. He studied chemical engineering at the Eindhoven University of Technology, and obtained his PhD (1994) at the Delft University of Technology with Herman van Bekkum. He received the Unilever Research Award 1990, a Marie Curie fellowship (1997), and the Gold Medal 2007 of the Royal Netherlands Chemical Society. Present research interests encompass: supramolecular chemistry at interfaces, supramolecular materials, multivalency, nanofabrication, and solar fuels.
Leonard Prins, PhD is a professor in Organic Chemistry at the University of Padova, Italy. He earned a doctorate from the University of Twente (Netherlands) in 2001 and worked as postdoctoral fellow at Caltech (Pasadena, USA) and the University of Padova (Italy). He has been awarded the H.J.-Backer price 2001 by the Dutch Royal Chemical Society (KNCV), the 2008 European Young Chemist Award (silver) by the European Association for Chemical and Molecular Sciences (EuCheMs) and the 2008 'Ciamician' medal by the Organic Chemistry Division of the Italian Chemical Society (SCI). His current research interests include the study of network reactivity in complex chemical systems and the origin of cooperativity in multivalent catalysts.
Rainer Haag, PhD joined the Freie Universität Berlin as full Professor of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry in 2004. He studied at the Technische Universität Darmstadt and the University of Göttingen, and obtained his PhD with A. de Meijere at the latter institution in 1995. Prof. Haag's main research interests are the mimicry of biological systems by functional dendritic polymers, with a particular focus on bioactive surfaces, multivalent nanosystems for the inhibition of pathogens, and stimuli-responsive nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. Currently he serves on the Editorial Board of the Angewandte Chemistry and is the spokesperson of the collaborative research center 765 on "multivalency."
Bart Jan Ravoo, PhD (1970) is full professor at the University of Münster, Germany, where he is in charge of the "Synthesis of Nanoscale Systems" group. Since 2016 he is co-director of the Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN). Bart Jan Ravoo obtained his graduate and postgraduate degrees from the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. He moved to University College Dublin, Ireland, in 1999 and obtained a Newman Scholarship in Organic Chemistry for a period of three years. In 2002 he was appointed as assistant professor at the University of Twente, The Netherlands. His main research interest are soft materials made by self-assembly, functional nanoparticles, and self-assembled monolayers.
Editor
Foreword
Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Content
List of Contributors xi
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
Part I General Introduction to Multivalent Interactions 1
1 Additivity of Energy Contributions in Multivalent Complexes 3
Hans?-Jorg Schneider
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Additivity of Single Interactions - Examples 3
1.3 Limitations of Additivity 7
1.3.1 Free Energy Values DeltaG Instead of Enthalpic and Entropic Values DeltaH, TDeltaS 7
1.3.2 Mismatch as Limitation of Additivity 9
1.3.3 Medium Effects as Limiting Factor 12
1.3.4 Strain and Induced Fit 12
1.4 Cooperativity 13
1.5 Allostery 14
1.6 Conclusions 17
References 18
2 Models and Methods in Multivalent Systems 23
Jurriaan Huskens
2.1 Introduction 23
2.1.1 General Introduction 23
2.1.2 Multivalent versus Cooperative Interactions 24
2.2 Numerical Data Analysis 25
2.2.1 Model Simulations Using a Spreadsheet Approach 26
2.2.2 Setting Up and Assessing Titrations 30
2.2.3 Using Spreadsheet Simulations to Fit Experimental Data to a Model 36
2.3 Models for Multivalent Systems 41
2.3.1 The Simplest Multivalent System: A 1:1 Complex with Two Interaction Sites 41
2.3.2 Multivalent Binding at Surfaces 46
2.4 Special Multivalent Systems 53
2.4.1 Increasing the Valency of Interfacial Assemblies: Dendrimers, Oligomers, and Polymers 53
2.4.2 Heterotropic Interactions 58
2.4.3 Kinetics and Dynamics 63
2.5 Conclusions 68
Acknowledgments 68
References 68
3 Design Principles for Super Selectivity using Multivalent Interactions 75
Tine Curk, Jure Dobnikar, and Daan Frenkel
3.1 Introduction 75
3.1.1 Background: Ultra?-sensitive Response 75
3.2 Super selectivity: An emergent property of multivalency 78
3.3 Multivalent Polymer Adsorption 84
3.4 Which Systems are Super Selective? 86
3.4.1 Rigid Geometry Interactions 86
3.4.2 Disordered Multivalency 87
3.5 Design Principles for Super?-Selective Targeting 90
3.6 Summary: It is interesting, but is it useful? 93
Appendix 3.A: What Is Effective Molarity? 95
Acknowledgements 98
References 98
4 Multivalency in Biosystems 103
Jens Dernedde
4.1 Introduction 103
4.2 Cell-Cell Adhesion 104
4.2.1 Homotypic Interactions, Cadherins Keep Cells Together 105
4.2.2 Selectins, Heterotypic Cell Adhesion to Fight Infections 106
4.2.3 Bacterial Adhesion by FimH 108
4.3 Phase Transition, Multivalent Intracellular Assemblies 109
4.4 Multivalency in the Fluid Phase, Pathogen Opsonization 111
4.5 Conclusion 113
Acknowledgment 113
References 114
Part II Multivalent Systems in Chemistry 121
5 Multivalency in Cyclodextrin/Polymer Systems 123
Akihito Hashidzume and Akira Harada
5.1 Introduction 123
5.2 General Perspectives of Multivalency in Cyclodextrin/Polymer Systems 125
5.3 Typical Examples of Multivalency in Cyclodextrin/Polymer Systems 126
5.3.1 Formation of Polymer Aggregates from Cyclodextrin?-Polymers and Guest?-Polymers 126
5.3.2 Selectivity of Interaction Enhanced by Multivalency 127
5.3.3 Self?-Healable Hydrogels Based on Multivalency 134
5.4 Summary and Outlook 136
Acknowledgments 136
References 138
6 Cucurbit[n-uril?-Mediated Multiple Interactions 143
Zehuan Huang and Xi Zhang
6.1 Introduction to Cucurbit[n-uril Chemistry 143
6.2 Heteroternary Complexes 143
6.3 Homoternary Complexes 146
6.4 Conclusions 150
References 150
7 Multivalency as a Design Criterion in Catalyst Development 153
Paolo Scrimin, Maria A. Cardona, Carlos M. Leon Prieto, and Leonard J. Prins
7.1 Introduction 153
7.2 Formation of Enzyme?-Like Catalytic Pockets 154
7.3 Cooperativity Between Functional Groups 157
7.4 Mechanistic Effects 161
7.5 The Dendritic Effect in Multivalent Nanozymes 164
7.5.1 Peptide?-Based Dendrimers for the Cleavage of Phosphodiesters 166
7.5.2 Catalytic 3D SAMs on Au NPs 168
7.6 Multivalent Catalysts and Multivalent Substrates 170
7.7 Conclusions 172
Acknowledgements 174
References 174
8 Multivalent Molecular Recognition on the Surface of Bilayer Vesicles 177
Jens Voskuhl, Ulrike Kauscher, and Bart Jan Ravoo
8.1 Introduction 177
8.2 Molecular Recognition of Vesicles 179
8.2.1 Metal Coordination 180
8.2.2 Light Responsive Interactions 184
8.2.3 Hydrogen Bonding and Electrostatic Interactions 185
8.3 Biomimetic Vesicles 188
8.3.1 Vesicles as Multivalent Platforms 188
8.3.2 Membrane Fusion 193
8.4 Vesicle?-based Supramolecular Materials 196
8.4.1 Hydrogels 196
8.4.2 Immobilization of Vesicles 198
8.4.3 Nanoparticles and Nanocontainers 198
8.5 Conclusion 201
Acknowledgment 201
References 201
Part III Multivalent Systems in Biology 205
9 Blocking Pathogens by Multivalent Inhibitors 207
Sumati Bhatia, Benjamin Ziem, and Rainer Haag
9.1 Introduction 207
9.2 Design of Multivalent Ligand Architectures 209
9.3 Multivalent Carbohydrate Ligands 212
9.4 Scaffold Architecture 215
9.4.1 "Soft" Linear and Dendritic 215
9.4.2 Rigid Core Multivalent Nanoparticles 218
9.5 2 D Platforms 220
9.6 Nano?-and Microgels for Pathogen Inhibition 222
9.7 Conclusion 223
Acknowledgments 224
References 224
10 Multivalent Protein Recognition Using Synthetic Receptors 229
Akash Gupta, Moumita Ray, and Vincent M. Rotello
10.1 Introduction 229
10.2 Structural Properties of Protein Surfaces 229
10.2.1 Protein-Protein Interfacial Areas 229
10.2.2 Chemical Nature of the Protein-Protein Interface 230
10.2.3 "Hot Spots" 230
10.2.4 O?-Ring Structure 232
10.3 Synthetic Receptors for Protein Surface Recognition 232
10.3.1 Porphyrin Scaffolds for Protein Surface Recognition 232
10.3.2 Protein Surface Recognition Using Molecular Tweezers 238
10.3.3 Calixarene Scaffolds for Protein Surface Recognition 240
10.3.4 Recognition of Protein Surfaces Using Nanoparticles 243
10.3.4.1 Nanoparticles as Protein Mimics 244
10.3.4.2 Regulating the Structure and Function of Proteins Using Nanoparticles 246
10.3.4.3 Nanoparticle?-based Protein Sensors 250
10.4 Future Perspective and Challenges 254
Acknowledgment 257
References 257
11 Multivalent Calixarenes for the Targeting of Biomacromolecules 263
Francesco Sansone and Alessandro Casnati
11.1 Introduction 263
11.2 Binding to Proteins and Enzymes 266
11.3 Recognition of Carbohydrate Binding Proteins (Lectins) 273
11.4 Binding Polyphosphates, Oligonucleotides and Nucleic Acids 279
11.5 Conclusions 284
Acknowledgements 285
References 285
12 Cucurbit[n-uril Assemblies for Biomolecular Applications 291
Emanuela Cavatorta, Luc Brunsveld, Jurriaan Huskens, and Pascal Jonkheijm
12.1 Introduction 291
12.2 Molecular Recognition Properties of CB[n- 293
12.2.1 Interactions with the Carbonyl Portals of CB[n- 293
12.2.2 Release of High Energy Water Molecules from the CB[n- Cavity 295
12.2.3 Enthalpy?-driven Hydrophobic Effect for CB[n- 295
12.2.4 Enthalpy?-driven Hydrophobic Effect for CB[8- Heteroternary Complexes 297
12.3 Control Over the Binding Affinity with CB[n- 299
12.4 CB[n- Recognition of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 301
12.5 CB[n- for Bioanalytical and Biomedical Applications 305
12.5.1 CB[n-?-mediated Assembly of Bioactive Polymers and Hydrogels 305
12.5.2 CB[n-?-mediated Assembly of Bioactive Nanoparticles 307
12.5.3 CB[n-?-mediated Assembly on Bioactive Surfaces 313
12.6 Conclusions and Outlook 317
Acknowledgment 319
References 319
13 Multivalent Lectin-Glycan Interactions in the Immune System 325
Joao T. Monteiro and Bernd Lepenies
13.1 Introduction 325
13.2 Targeting Innate Immunity to Shape Adaptive Immunity 327
13.3 C?-type Lectin Receptors 328
13.3.1 Multivalent Glycoconjugates Targeting DC?-SIGN 331
13.3.2 Multivalent Glycoconjugates Targeting Other CLRs 331
13.4 Galectins 332
13.5 Siglecs 334
13.6 Conclusions 335
Acknowledgment 335
References 335
14 Blocking Disease Linked Lectins with Multivalent Carbohydrates 345
Marjon Stel and Roland J. Pieters
14.1 Introduction 345
14.2 Haemagglutinin 347
14.3 LecA 349
14.4 LecB 354
14.5 Galectins 358
14.6 Concanavalin A 362
14.7 Cholera Toxin 366
14.8 Propeller Lectins 367
14.9 Conclusion 371
Acknowledgements 371
References 371
Index