Longman Academic Writing Series

To the Teacher....................................................................................................................... ixAcknowledgments ................................................................................................................xChapter Overview................................................................................................................. xiChapter 1 Describing People ...........................................................................1Introduction .................................................................................................................. 2Prewriting .......................................................................................................................2Asking Questions and Taking Notes...........................................................................2Organization .................................................................................................................4Looking at the Models..................................................................................................5Looking at Vocabulary: Descriptive Adjectives ....................................................6Formatting the Page ................................................................................................. 8Grammar and Mechanics ......................................................................................14Sentences.....................................................................................................................14Capitalization...............................................................................................................18Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................20Simple Sentences.......................................................................................................20Sentence Combining .................................................................................................24Applying Vocabulary: Using Descriptive Adjectives............................................26The Writing Process ................................................................................................27Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about a Family Member...............................31Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................32Expansion ....................................................................................................................33Timed Writing: A Paragraph about Someone You Admire...................................33Your Journal.................................................................................................................33Chapter 2 Listing-Order Paragraphs.........................................................34Introduction .................................................................................................................35Prewriting .....................................................................................................................35Clustering.....................................................................................................................35Listing-Order Paragraphs .....................................................................................37Looking at the Model..................................................................................................38Looking at Vocabulary: Intensifiers........................................................................38Organization ...............................................................................................................40The Topic Sentence....................................................................................................40Supporting Sentences................................................................................................47Listing-Order Transition Signals................................................................................49The Concluding Sentence..........................................................................................52Outlining: Creating an Outline from a Cluster..........................................................56Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................58Compound Sentences................................................................................................58Coordinating Conjunctions: And, But, Or, and So................................................61Common Sentence Errors: Run-ons and Comma Splices...................................64Applying Vocabulary: Using Intensifiers ..............................................................66Writing Assignment: A Paragraph about a Career...............................................67Self-Assessment .......................................................................................................68Expansion ....................................................................................................................69Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Boss.............................................................69Your Journal.................................................................................................................69Chapter 3 Giving Instructions.........................................................................70Introduction .................................................................................................................71Prewriting .....................................................................................................................71Listing............................................................................................................................71“How-To” Paragraphs .............................................................................................73Looking at the Model..................................................................................................74Looking at Vocabulary: Descriptive Adverbs.......................................................75Organization ...............................................................................................................76Topic Sentences and Concluding Sentences.........................................................76Time-Order and Listing-Order Transition Signals...................................................78Outlining: Creating an Outline from an Edited List..................................................83Sentence Structure ..................................................................................................86Independent and Dependent Clauses......................................................................86Complex Sentences with Time Clauses..................................................................87Common Sentence Errors: Fragments....................................................................91Summary: Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences....................................92Mechanics ...................................................................................................................96Capitalization: Four More Rules...............................................................................96Punctuation: Commas...............................................................................................99Applying Vocabulary: Using Descriptive Adverbs..............................................102Writing Assignment: A “How-To” Paragraph......................................................103Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................104Expansion ..................................................................................................................104Timed Writing: A Paragraph about How to Do Well in a Class..........................104Your Journal...............................................................................................................105Chapter 4 Describing with Space Order...............................................106Introduction ...............................................................................................................107Prewriting ...................................................................................................................107Listing Descriptive Details........................................................................................107Descriptive Paragraphs .......................................................................................110Space Order...............................................................................................................110Looking at the Model................................................................................................111Looking at Vocabulary: Prepositions of Place...................................................112Organization .............................................................................................................113Topic Sentences and Concluding Sentences.......................................................113Supporting Sentences with Specific Details.........................................................115Outlining: Creating an Outline for a Descriptive Paragraph.................................118Grammar ....................................................................................................................120Adjectives...................................................................................................................120Order of Adjectives...................................................................................................123Sentence Structure ................................................................................................126Prepositions...............................................................................................................126Prepositional Phrases...............................................................................................127Applying Vocabulary: Using Prepositions of Place............................................132Writing Assignment: A Paragraph Describing a Special Place........................133Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................134Expansion ..................................................................................................................135Timed Writing: A Paragraph Describing a Public Space....................................135Your Journal...............................................................................................................135Chapter 5 Stating Reasons and Using Examples..........................136Introduction ...............................................................................................................137Prewriting ...................................................................................................................137Listing and Outlining with Reasons and Examples..............................................137Paragraphs with Reasons and Examples .....................................................140Looking at the Model................................................................................................140Looking at Vocabulary: Words that Describe Geography................................141Organization .............................................................................................................142Reasons and Examples............................................................................................142Transition Signals that Introduce Reasons............................................................146Transition Signals that Introduce Examples..........................................................148Conclusion Signals....................................................................................................150Sentence Structure ................................................................................................151Complex Sentences with Reason and Condition Clauses..................................151Mechanics .................................................................................................................156Capitalization: Two More Rules..............................................................................156Punctuation: Four More Comma Rules.................................................................158Applying Vocabulary: Using Nouns that Describe Geography........................160Writing Assignment: A Paragraph Recommending an Area.............................161Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................162Expansion ..................................................................................................................162Timed Writing: A Paragraph about a Place for a Day Trip..................................162Your Journal...............................................................................................................163Chapter 6 Expressing Your Opinion.........................................................164Introduction ...............................................................................................................165Prewriting ...................................................................................................................165Getting Ideas from Reading.....................................................................................165Opinion Paragraphs ..............................................................................................168Looking at the Model................................................................................................168Looking at Vocabulary: Word Forms...................................................................169Organization .............................................................................................................171Facts and Opinions...................................................................................................171Transition Signals in Opinion Paragraphs..............................................................173Sentence Structure ................................................................................................178Adjective Clauses with Who, Which, and That.....................................................178Punctuating Adjective Clauses................................................................................180Complex Sentences with Adjective Clauses.........................................................182More about Fragments.............................................................................................185Mechanics .................................................................................................................188Quotation Marks........................................................................................................188Applying Vocabulary: Using Word Forms............................................................189Writing Assignment: A Paragraph that Expresses an Opinion.........................190Self-Assessment .....................................................................................................191Expansion ..................................................................................................................191Timed Writing: An Opinion Paragraph about Cheating......................................191Your Journal...............................................................................................................192AppendicesAppendix A More Ideas for Journal Writing...........................................................193Appendix B Grammar Terms....................................................................................194Appendix C Sentence Types....................................................................................196Appendix D Transition Signals.................................................................................198Appendix E Mechanics.............................................................................................199Appendix F Correction Symbols..............................................................................203Appendix G Peer Review and Writer’s Self-Check Worksheets.........................206Index....................................................................................................................................218Credits.................................................................................................................................222