Laboratory Manual for General, Organic and Biochemistry

Part 1 General laboratory procedures and laboratory safety. Part 2 Basic concepts, measurement, and properties: measurement; determining density and working with glass; the identification of an unknown liquid. Part 3 Chemical separation: elements, compounds, and mixtures; separation using chromatographic techniques; distillation. Part 4 Chemical formulas, equations, mass relationships, and structure: hydrates and the determination of the formula of a hydrate; simple chemical reactions; analysis of KCl03-KCl mixture; the structure of covalent molecules and polyatomic ions. Part 5 Chemical behaviour of elements: an active series of several metals; the preparation and properties of oxygen and the properties of oxides; introduction to qualitative analysis. Part 6 The gas laws: Boyle's law and Charles' law; the combined gas law and Dalton's law. Part 7 Acid-based chemistry: acid-based titrations; acids, bases. pH, hydrolysis, and buffers. Part 8 Organic biochemistry: the structure of hydrocarbons; properties of hydrocarbons; the synthesis of aspirin; the properties and preparation of esters and soaps; alcohols; organic functional group tests; the detection of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates in foods; the characterization of carbohydrates; enzyme action; analysis of proteins and amino acids by chromatography; digestion. Appendices: vapour pressure of water at several temperatures; concentration of common acids and bases; values of physical constants; the metric prefixes; conversion factors; an introduction to chemical nomenclature; significant figures and rounding numbers; the solubility rules - periodic table (inside front cover).