Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class

Part I - An Introduction to the Study of Minority Groups in the United States
Chapter 1 - Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts
Six American Stories
The Increasing Variety of American Minority Groups
What Is a Minority Group?
The Pattern of Inequality
Theoretical Perspectives
Minority Group Status and Stratification
Visible Distinguishing Traits
Race
Narrative Portrait: The Social Construction of Racial Identity
Life on the Color Line - Gregory Williams
Gender
Focus on Gender: Are Gender Roles Learned or Genetic?
Key Concepts in Dominant-Minority Relations
Prejudice
Discrimination
Ideological Racism
Institutional Discrimination
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Race and Sport
The Dominance of Black Athletes is Genetic - Jon Entine
The Argument for Genetic Differences is Deeply Flawed - Jonathon Marks
Questions to Consider
Chapter 2 - Assimilation and Pluralism
Assimilation
Types of Assimilation
The "Traditional" Perspective on Assimilation: Theories and Concepts
Assimilation Patterns
Variations in Assimilation
Pluralism
Types of Pluralism
Theoretical Perspectives on Pluralism
Other Group Goals
Contemporary Immigrants: Segmented Assimilation
Narrative Portrait: Assimilation: Then and Now
Choosing a Dream: Italians in Hell's Kitchen - Mario Puzo
Always Running: La Vida Loca - Luiz Rodrigues
Comparative Focus: Immigration, Emigration, and Ireland
Implications for Examining Dominant-Minority Relations
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Does Language Diversity Threaten National Unity
Everyone Should Learn English - Richard Lamm (with Gary Imhoff)
Language Diversity is Not a Threat - Robert D. King
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Part II - Understanding Prejudice and Discrimination
Chapter 3 - Prejudice and Discrimination in the Individual
Stereotypes
Cognition and Categorization
Attribution Theory
Cognitive and Emotional Dimensions of Stereotypes
Types of Stereotypes
The Content of American Stereotypes
Gender and Minority Group Stereotypes
Theories of Prejudice
Personality-Centered Approaches to Prejudice
Culture-Based Approaches to Prejudice
Narrative Portrait: The Culture Sources of Prejudice
Kaffir Boy - Mark Mathabane
Comparative Focus: Prejudice and Sexism
Power-Conflict Theory
Types of Prejudice
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: What Causes Prejudice
Ethnic Identity is Human Nature - Pierre van den Berghe
Stereotypes are Sustained in the Culture and are Used to Control Minority Groups - Alfredo Mirande
Prejudice is a Part of American Culture and the English Language - Robert B. Moore
Questions to Consider
Chapter 4 - Societal Trends in Prejudice and Discrimination
The Decline of Prejudice
Efforts to Reduce Prejudice and Discrimination
Persuasion and the Mass Media
Education
Contact Between Groups
Prospects for Reducing Prejudice Further
Modern Racism
Focus on Gender: Has Sexism Modernized?
Hate Crimes: A Resurgence of Prejudice?
Narrative Portrait: The Making (and Unmaking) of A Klansman
C. P. Ellis - Studs Terkel
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Why Are Black Americans Still Not Equal Members of Society?
The Primary Obstacle to Further Racial Equality Lies in The Black Community - Shelby Steele
The Primary Obstacle to Further Racial Equality Lies in "Modern" Racism - Lawrence Bobo
The Primary Obstacle to Further Racial Equality Lies in The White Community - Andrew Hacker
Questions to Consider
Photo Essays
Part III - Understanding the Evolution of Dominant-Minority Relations in the United States
Chapter 5 - The Development of Minority-Dominant Relations in Pre-Industrial America: Origins of Slavery
The Origins of Slavery in America
The Labor Supply Problem
The Contact Situation
The Creation of American Slavery
Paternalistic Relations
Narrative Portrait: A Slave's Life
Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb - Henry Bibb
The Dimensions of Minority Group Status
The Creation of Minority of Status for Native Americans and Mexican Americans
Native Americans
Mexican Americans
Comparative Focus: Mexico, Canada, and the United States
Comparing Minority Groups
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: How Did Slavery Affect the Origins of African-American Culture?
Slavery Created African-American Culture - Stanley Elkins
African-American Culture Was Created by an Interplay of Elements from Africa and America - John Blassingame
The Experiences of Female Slaves Has Been Under-Researched and Under-Reported - Deborah Gray White
Questions to Consider
Chapter 6 - Industrialization and Dominant-Minority Relations: From Slavery to Segregation and the Coming of Post-Industrial Society
Industrialization and the Shift From Paternalistic to Rigid Competitive Group Relations
The Impact of Industrialization on African Americans: From Slavery to Segregation
Reconstruction
De Jure Segregation
The "Great Migration"
Life in the North
Narrative Portrait: The Kitchenette
Death on the City Pavements - Richard Wright
Competition with White Ethnic Groups
The Origins of Black Protest
Applying Concepts
Acculturation and Integration
Gender and Race
Industrialization, the Shift to Post-Industrial Society, and Dominant-Minority Relations: General Trends
Urbanization
Occupational Specialization
Bureaucracy and Rationality
Growth of White-Collar Jobs and the Service Sector
The Growing Importance of Education
A Dual Labor Market
Globalization
The Shift from Rigid to Fluid Competitive Relationships
Focus on Gender: Gender Inequality in a Globalizing, Post-Industrial World
Modern Institutional Discrimination
Conclusion
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Affirmative Action
Affirmative Action Casts Suspicions on Legitimate Black Achievement and Depicts Them as Incapable - Thomas Sowell
Why We Still Need Affirmative Action - Orlando Patterson
Affirmative Action Should be Based on Class Rather than Race - Richard Kahlenberg
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Part IV - Understanding Dominant-Minority Relations in the United States Today
Chapter 7 - African Americans: From Segregation to Modern Institutional Discrimination and Modern Racism
The End of De Jure Segregation
Wartime Developments
The Civil Rights Movement
Developments Outside the South
De Facto Segregation
Urban Unrest
The Black Power Movement
Protest, Power, and Pluralism
Gender and Black Protest
Black-White Relations Since the 1960s
Continuing Separation, Continuing Violence
The Criminal Justice System and African-Americans
Urbanization and Increasing Class Differentiation
Narrative Portrait: The Price of Success
To Be Black, Gifted, and Alone - Bebe Moore Campbell
The Family Institution and the Culture of Poverty
Prejudice and Discrimination
Focus on Race and Gender: The Mass Media
Assimilation and Pluralism
Conclusion
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Reparations
Reparations are an Idea Whose Time has Come - Manning Marable
Why I don't want reparations for slavery - John McWhorter
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Chapter 8 - Native Americans: From Conquest to Tribal Survival in A Post-Industrial Society
Native American Culture
Relations With the Federal Government After the 1890s
Reservation Life
Narrative Portrait: Civilize Them With A Stick
Lakota Woman - Mary Crow Dog
The Indian Reorganization Act
Termination and Relocation
Self Determination
Protest and Resistance
Early Efforts
Red Power
The Continuing Struggle for Development in Contemporary Indian-White Relations
Natural Resources
Attracting Industry to the Reservation
Broken Treaties
Gambling and Other Development Possibilities
Contemporary Indian-White Relations
Prejudice and Discrimination
Assimilation and Pluralism
Narrative Portrait: An Indian View of White Civilization
Listening to the Air - John Lame Deer
Comparing Minority Groups
Comparative Focus: Australian Aborigines and Native Americans
Conclusions
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Whose Culture Should be Emulated?
The Euro-American Cultural Tradition is Vital for Societal Unity - Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr.
The Value of Native American Culture and Indian Identity - N. Scott Momaday
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Chapter 9 - Hispanic Americans: Colonization, Immigration, and Ethnic Enclaves
Mexican Americans
Cultural Patterns
Narrative Portrait: The Meaning of Macho
Americanization is Tough on Macho - Rose Del Castillo Guilbault
Immigration
Developments in the United States
Mexican Americans and Other Minority Groups
Puerto Ricans
Migration (Push and Pull) Employment
Transitions
Puerto Ricans and Other Minority Groups
Focus on Gender: Images of Latinas
Cuban Americans
Immigration (Push and Pull)
Regional Concentrations
Socioeconomic Characteristics
The Ethnic Enclave
Cuban Americans and Other Minority Groups
Recent Immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean
Socioeconomic Characteristics
Location, Impact, and Illegal Immigrants
Recent Immigration in Historical Context
Comparing Minority Groups: Will Contemporary Immigrants from Central and South America and the Caribbean assimilate as European Immigrants Did?
Contemporary Hispanic-White Relations
Prejudice and Discrimination
Assimilation and Pluralism
Conclusions
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Is Immigration Harmful or Helpful to the United States?
Immigration is Harmful - Peter Brimelow
Immigration Is Not Harmful - Reynolds Farley
We Need to Reframe the Immigration Debate - George Borjas
Questions to Consider
Photo Essays
Chapter 10 - Asian Americans and the Pacific Islanders: A "Model Minority"?
Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders
Origins and Cultures
Contact Situations and the Development of the Chinese American and Japanese American Community
Chinese Americans
Japanese Americans
Comparing Minority Groups
Comparative Focus: Japan's "Invisible Minority"
Contemporary Immigration from Asia and the Pacific Islands
Rates and Causes
Ports of Entry
Mode of Incorporation
Four Case Studies
Summary
Narrative Portrait: Two Stories of Immigration
Contemporary Relations
Prejudice and Discrimination
Assimilation and Pluralism
Comparing Minority Groups: Explaining Asian-American Success
Asian and European Immigrants
Asian Americans and Colonized Minority Groups
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: Asian American "Success": What are the Dimensions, Causes, and Implications for Other Minority Groups?
The Success of Japanese Americans is Cultural - Harry Kitano
The "Success" of Chines Americans is Structural - Alejandro Portes and Min Zhou
The Success of Asian Americans Has Been Exaggerated, In Part to Critize Other Minority Groups - Ronald Takaki
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Chapter 11 - White Ethnic Groups - Assimilation and Identity: The Twilight of Ethnicity?
Assimilation and Equality: Should White Ethnic Groups be Considered "Minority Groups"?
European Origins, Conditions of Entry, and the Campaign Against Immigration
Northern and Western Europeans
Immigrant Laborers from Ireland and Southern and Eastern Europe
Eastern European Jewish Immigrants and the Ethnic Enclave
The Campaign against Immigration
Comparative Focus: Immigration and Assimilation in Canada
Developments in the 20th Century: Mobility and Integration
Degree of Similarity
Ethnic Succession
Narrative Portrait: Ethnicity, Prejudice, and the Irish Political Machine
Shadow of the Past - David Gray
Continuing Industrialization and Structural Mobility
Comparing European Immigrants and Colonized Minority Groups
Will White Ethnicity Survive?
Ethnic Revivals
White Ethnicity in the 21st Century
Conclusion
Main Points
For Further Reading
Current Debate: The Racial Identities of Whites and Blacks
The Need to Understand Whiteness - Richard Dyer
Symbolic and Involuntary Ethnicity - Mary Waters
Questions to Consider
Photo Essay
Chapter 12 - Minority-Dominant Relations in Cross-National Perspective
A Brief Review of Major and Analytical Themes
Canada
Northern Ireland
Germany
Switzerland
Former Yugoslavia
Rwanda
The Middle East
Hawaii
Brazil
Conclusions
Main Points
For Further Reading
Photo Essay
Chapter 13 - Minority Groups and U.S. Society: Themes, Patterns, and the Future
Six Americans Revisited
The Importance of Subsistence Technology
The Importance of the Contact Situation, Group Competition, and Power
Diversity Within Minority Groups
Assimilation and Pluralism
Minority Group Progress and The Ideology of American Individualism
A Final Word
Photo Essay
Appendix: Internet Resources
References
Glossary/Index