Prentice Hall Reference Guide
6th Edition
Published on 24. October 2005
Book
Spiral bound
640 pages
978-0-13-185640-0 (ISBN)
Description
For Freshman-level writing courses, such as Freshman Composition, English Composition, First-Year Writing, Expository Writing or any course where students need help with grammar, research and documentation.
The easiest handbook to use.
Muriel Harris was the director of the Purdue Writing Center where she worked elbow-to-elbow with students and for over twenty-five years. As she worked with students, she realized that they asked the same questions over and over. Based on her experience with thousands of students in the writing center, Muriel Harris authored this spiral-bound, tabbed and brief handbook. Her unique feature, "Compare and Correct," and "Question and Correct," allows students to find what they need to help themselves with their writing, without needing to know the terms of grammar. Muriel Harris' Prentice Hall Reference Guide is the easiest handbook for students and instructors to use.
The easiest handbook to use.
Muriel Harris was the director of the Purdue Writing Center where she worked elbow-to-elbow with students and for over twenty-five years. As she worked with students, she realized that they asked the same questions over and over. Based on her experience with thousands of students in the writing center, Muriel Harris authored this spiral-bound, tabbed and brief handbook. Her unique feature, "Compare and Correct," and "Question and Correct," allows students to find what they need to help themselves with their writing, without needing to know the terms of grammar. Muriel Harris' Prentice Hall Reference Guide is the easiest handbook for students and instructors to use.
More details
Edition
6th edition
Language
English
Place of publication
United States
Publishing group
Pearson Education (US)
Target group
Professional and scholarly
Dimensions
Height: 214 mm
Width: 173 mm
Thickness: 26 mm
Weight
730 gr
ISBN-13
978-0-13-185640-0 (9780131856400)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
New editions
Muriel Harris
Prentice Hall Reference Guide
Book
12/2007
7th Edition
Pearson
€37.13
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Previous edition
Book
10/2004
5th Edition
Longman Inc
€39.60
Article exhausted; check for reprint
Content
CONTENTS
A Personal Message . . . vi
To the Instructor vii
Hints for Using This Book xvi
Question and Correct
& Compare and Correct
Question and Correct: Some
of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About Writing qc1
Compare and Correct cc1
The Writing Process
1 Purposes and Audiences 1
a Purpose 1
b Topic 1
c Thesis 2
d Audience 2
2 Writing Processes and Strategies 4
a Planning 4
b Drafting 10
c Organizing 11
d Collaborating 12
e Revising 16
f Editing and Proofreading 18
3 Paragraphs 20
a Unity 20
b Coherence 20
c Development 21
d Introductions and Conclusions 21
e Patterns of Organization 21
4 Argument 28
a Writing and Reading Arguments 28
b Considering the Audience 29
c Finding a Topic 32
d Developing Your Arguments 33
e Organizing Your Arguments 36
5 Visual Argument 39
a Similarities and Differences Between Verbal and Visual Argument 41
b Reading Visual Arguments 45
c Writing Visual Arguments 47
Revising Sentences for Accuracy, Clarity, and Variety
6 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 49
a Comma Splices 50
b Fused or Run-On Sentences 50
7 Subject-Verb Agreement 52
a Singular and Plural Subjects 53
b Buried Subjects 53
c Compound Subjects 54
d Or and Either/Or Subjects 54
e Clauses and Phrases
as Subjects 55
f Indefinites as Subjects 55
g Collective Nouns and Amounts as Subjects 56
h Plural Words as Subjects 56
i Titles, Company Names, Words, and Quotations as Subjects 56
j Linking Verbs 57
kThere (is/are), Here (is/are) andIt 57
l Who/Which/That and One of as Subjects 57
8 Sentence Fragments 59
a Unintentional Fragments 60
b Intentional Fragments 63
9 Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers 65
a Dangling Modifiers 65
b Misplaced Modifiers 67
10Parallel Constructions 69
a Parallel Structure 69
b Faulty Parallelism 70
11Consistency (Avoiding Shifts) 72
a Shifts in Person or Number 72
b Shifts in Verb Tense 73
c Shifts in Tone 74
d Shifts in Voice 74
e Shifts in Discourse 75
12Faulty Predication 76
13Coordination and Subordination 78
a Coordination 78
b Subordination 80
14 Sentence Clarity 83
a Moving from UnKnown (Old)
to known (New) Information 83
b Using Positive Instead of
Negative Statements 84
c Avoiding Double Negatives 84
d Using Verbs Instead of Nouns 85
e Making the Intended Subject
the Sentence Subject 85
f Using Active Instead of Passive
Voice 86
15Transitions 87
a Repetition of a Key Term or Phrase 87
b Synonyms 87
c Pronouns 87
d Transitional Words and Phrases 88
e Transitions in and Between Paragraphs 89
16 Sentence Variety 93
a Combining Sentences 93
b Adding Words 94
c Changing Words, Phrases,
and Clauses 95
Parts of Sentences
17Verbs 99
a Verb Phrases 100
b Verb Forms 100
c Verb Tense 103
d Verb Voice 111
e Verb Mood 111
f Modal Verbs 113
18Nouns and Pronouns 114
a Nouns 114
b Pronouns 117
19Pronoun Case and Reference 122
a Pronoun Case 122
b Pronoun Reference 127
20Adjectives and Adverbs 132
a Adjectives and Adverbs 132
b A/An/The 135
c Comparisons 137
21Prepositions 140
a Common Prepositions 141
b Idiomatic Prepositions 141
c Other Prepositions 142
22 Subjects 143
23 Phrases 146
24 Clauses 148
a Independent Clauses 148
b Dependent Clauses 151
25Essential and Nonessential Clauses and Phrases 155
a Essential Clauses and Phrases 155
b Nonessential Clauses
and Phrases 156
26Sentences 158
a Sentence Purposes 161
b Sentence Structures 161
Punctuation
27Commas 165
a Commas in Compound
Sentences 166
b Commas After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses 168
c Commas with Essential
and Nonessential Words,
Phrases, and Clauses 171
d Commas in Series and Lists 173
e Commas with Adjectives 175
f Commas with Dates, Addresses, Geographical Names,
and Numbers 177
g Other Uses for Commas 179
h Unnecessary Commas 181
28Apostrophes 183
a Apostrophes with Possessives 183
b Apostrophes with Contractions 184
c Apostrophes with Plurals 184
d Unnecessary Apostrophes 185
29Semicolons 189
a Semicolons in Compound
Sentences 189
b Semicolons in a Series 191
c Semicolons with Quotation
Marks 191
d Unnecessary Semicolons 192
30Colons 193
a Colons to Announce Elements
at the End of a Sentence 193
b Colons to Separate Independent Clauses 194
c Colons to Announce
Quotations 194
d Colons in Salutations and Between Elements 195
e Colons with Quotation Marks 19
f Unnecessary Colons 195
31 Quotation Marks 197
a Quotation Marks with Direct
and Indirect Quotations 197
b Quotation Marks for Minor Titles and Parts of Wholes 199
c Quotation Marks for Words 199
d Use of Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks 200
e Unnecessary Quotation Marks 200
32 Hyphens 202
a Hyphens to Divide Words 202
b Hyphens to Form Compound Words 202
c Hyphens to Join Word Units 203
d Hyphens to Join Prefixes, Suffixes,and Letters to a Word 203
e Hyphens to Avoid Ambiguity 204
33 End Punctuation 205
a Periods 205
b Question Marks 207
c Exclamation Points 209
34 Other Punctuation 210
a Dashes 210
b Slashes 212
c Parentheses 214
d Brackets 215
e Ellipsis (Omitted Words) 217
Mechanics and Spelling
35 Capitals 219
36 Abbreviations 223
a Abbreviating Numbers 223
b Abbreviating Titles 223
c Abbreviating Place Names 224
d Abbreviating Measurements 224
e Abbreviating Dates 224
f Abbreviating Initials Used
as Names 224
g Abbreviating Latin
Expressions 225
h Abbreviating Documentation 225
37 Numbers 227
38 Underlining/Italics 230
a Underlining for Titles 230
b Other Uses of Underlining 231
39 Spelling 233
a Proofreading 233
b Using Spell-Checkers 235
c Some Spelling Guidelines 235
d Plurals 241
e Sound-Alike Words (Homonyms) 243
Style and Word Choice
40 Sexist Language 247
a Alternatives to Man 247
b Alternative Job Titles 247
c Alternatives to the Male or Female Pronoun 248
41 Unnecessary Words 250
a Conciseness 250
b Cliches 253
c Pretentious Language 254
42 Appropriate Words 255
a Standard English 255
b Colloquialisms, Slang, and Regionalisms 255
c Levels of Formality 257
d Jargon and Technical Terms 260
e General and Specific Words 261
f Concrete and Abstract Words 262
g Denotation and Connotation 264
h Offensive Language 264
ESL Concerns
43 American Style in Writing 267
44 Verbs 268
a Helping Verbs with Main Verbs 268
b Two-Word (Phrasal) Verbs 270
c Verbs with -ing and to + Verb
Forms 271
45 Omitted Words 274
a Verbs 274
b Subjects and There or It 274
46 Repeated Words 275
a Subjects 275
b Pronouns and Adverbs 275
47 Count and Noncount Nouns 276
48 Adjectives and Adverbs 279
a Placement 279
b Order 279
c A/An/The 280
d Some/Any, Much/Many, Little/Few,
Less/Fewer, Enough, No 283
49 Prepositions 284
50 Idioms 286
Research
51 Finding a Topic 289
a Deciding on a Purpose 290
b Understanding Why Plagiarism Is Wrong 292
c Deciding on a Topic 296
d Narrowing the Topic 297
e Formulating a Research Question 299
f Formulating a Thesis 300
52 Searching for Information 302
a Choosing Primary and Secondary Sources 302
b Searching the Internet 305
c Searching Libraries 312
d Searching Other Sources 315
53 Using Web Resources 318
a Web Site Bibliographic
Information 318
b Useful Web Sites 321
54 Evaluating Sources 326
a Getting Started 327
b Evaluating Internet Sources 328
c Evaluating Bibliographic Citations 335
d Evaluating Content 337
55 Collecting Information 340
a Keeping Notes on a Computer 340
b Printing and Annotating Photocopies and Printouts 341
c Starting a Working Bibliography 344
d Writing Notecards 346
56 Using Sources and Avoiding
Plagiarism 346
a Recognizing Plagiarism 346
b Summarizing Without Plagiarizing 352
c Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing 354
d Using Quotation Marks to Avoid Plagiarizing 356
e Using Signal Words and Phrases
to Integrate Sources 361
57 Writing the Research Paper 367
a Getting Started 367
b Planning and Organizing 368
c Writing a Draft 370
d Reviewing the Draft 371
e Revising, Editing, and Checking the Format 371 MLA Documentation
58 Documenting in MLA Style 374
a In-Text Citations 375
b Endnotes 378
c Works Cited List 379
d Sample MLA-Style Research
59 Documenting in APA Style 422
a In-Text Citations 423
b Footnotes 426
c References List 426
d Sample APA-Style Research Paper 435
60 Documenting in Other Styles 462
a Chicago Manual of Style (CM) 462
b Council of Science Editors (CSE) 471
c Columbia Online Style (COS) 475
d Resources for Other Styles 482
Document Design, Public Writing, and Writing About Literature
61 Document Design 485
a Principles of Document Design 486
b Visual Elements 488
c Web Page Design 490
d Paper Preparation 497
62 Public Writing 504
a Public Documents 505
b Resumes 514
63 Writing About Literature 527
a Ways to Write About Literature 527
b Writing the Assignment 529
c A Glossary of Literary Terms 531
d Conventions in Writing
About Literature 531
e Sample Paper 533
Glossary of Usage 539
Glossary of Grammatical Terms 550
Index 570
A Personal Message . . . vi
To the Instructor vii
Hints for Using This Book xvi
Question and Correct
& Compare and Correct
Question and Correct: Some
of the Most Commonly Asked Questions About Writing qc1
Compare and Correct cc1
The Writing Process
1 Purposes and Audiences 1
a Purpose 1
b Topic 1
c Thesis 2
d Audience 2
2 Writing Processes and Strategies 4
a Planning 4
b Drafting 10
c Organizing 11
d Collaborating 12
e Revising 16
f Editing and Proofreading 18
3 Paragraphs 20
a Unity 20
b Coherence 20
c Development 21
d Introductions and Conclusions 21
e Patterns of Organization 21
4 Argument 28
a Writing and Reading Arguments 28
b Considering the Audience 29
c Finding a Topic 32
d Developing Your Arguments 33
e Organizing Your Arguments 36
5 Visual Argument 39
a Similarities and Differences Between Verbal and Visual Argument 41
b Reading Visual Arguments 45
c Writing Visual Arguments 47
Revising Sentences for Accuracy, Clarity, and Variety
6 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 49
a Comma Splices 50
b Fused or Run-On Sentences 50
7 Subject-Verb Agreement 52
a Singular and Plural Subjects 53
b Buried Subjects 53
c Compound Subjects 54
d Or and Either/Or Subjects 54
e Clauses and Phrases
as Subjects 55
f Indefinites as Subjects 55
g Collective Nouns and Amounts as Subjects 56
h Plural Words as Subjects 56
i Titles, Company Names, Words, and Quotations as Subjects 56
j Linking Verbs 57
kThere (is/are), Here (is/are) andIt 57
l Who/Which/That and One of as Subjects 57
8 Sentence Fragments 59
a Unintentional Fragments 60
b Intentional Fragments 63
9 Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers 65
a Dangling Modifiers 65
b Misplaced Modifiers 67
10Parallel Constructions 69
a Parallel Structure 69
b Faulty Parallelism 70
11Consistency (Avoiding Shifts) 72
a Shifts in Person or Number 72
b Shifts in Verb Tense 73
c Shifts in Tone 74
d Shifts in Voice 74
e Shifts in Discourse 75
12Faulty Predication 76
13Coordination and Subordination 78
a Coordination 78
b Subordination 80
14 Sentence Clarity 83
a Moving from UnKnown (Old)
to known (New) Information 83
b Using Positive Instead of
Negative Statements 84
c Avoiding Double Negatives 84
d Using Verbs Instead of Nouns 85
e Making the Intended Subject
the Sentence Subject 85
f Using Active Instead of Passive
Voice 86
15Transitions 87
a Repetition of a Key Term or Phrase 87
b Synonyms 87
c Pronouns 87
d Transitional Words and Phrases 88
e Transitions in and Between Paragraphs 89
16 Sentence Variety 93
a Combining Sentences 93
b Adding Words 94
c Changing Words, Phrases,
and Clauses 95
Parts of Sentences
17Verbs 99
a Verb Phrases 100
b Verb Forms 100
c Verb Tense 103
d Verb Voice 111
e Verb Mood 111
f Modal Verbs 113
18Nouns and Pronouns 114
a Nouns 114
b Pronouns 117
19Pronoun Case and Reference 122
a Pronoun Case 122
b Pronoun Reference 127
20Adjectives and Adverbs 132
a Adjectives and Adverbs 132
b A/An/The 135
c Comparisons 137
21Prepositions 140
a Common Prepositions 141
b Idiomatic Prepositions 141
c Other Prepositions 142
22 Subjects 143
23 Phrases 146
24 Clauses 148
a Independent Clauses 148
b Dependent Clauses 151
25Essential and Nonessential Clauses and Phrases 155
a Essential Clauses and Phrases 155
b Nonessential Clauses
and Phrases 156
26Sentences 158
a Sentence Purposes 161
b Sentence Structures 161
Punctuation
27Commas 165
a Commas in Compound
Sentences 166
b Commas After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses 168
c Commas with Essential
and Nonessential Words,
Phrases, and Clauses 171
d Commas in Series and Lists 173
e Commas with Adjectives 175
f Commas with Dates, Addresses, Geographical Names,
and Numbers 177
g Other Uses for Commas 179
h Unnecessary Commas 181
28Apostrophes 183
a Apostrophes with Possessives 183
b Apostrophes with Contractions 184
c Apostrophes with Plurals 184
d Unnecessary Apostrophes 185
29Semicolons 189
a Semicolons in Compound
Sentences 189
b Semicolons in a Series 191
c Semicolons with Quotation
Marks 191
d Unnecessary Semicolons 192
30Colons 193
a Colons to Announce Elements
at the End of a Sentence 193
b Colons to Separate Independent Clauses 194
c Colons to Announce
Quotations 194
d Colons in Salutations and Between Elements 195
e Colons with Quotation Marks 19
f Unnecessary Colons 195
31 Quotation Marks 197
a Quotation Marks with Direct
and Indirect Quotations 197
b Quotation Marks for Minor Titles and Parts of Wholes 199
c Quotation Marks for Words 199
d Use of Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks 200
e Unnecessary Quotation Marks 200
32 Hyphens 202
a Hyphens to Divide Words 202
b Hyphens to Form Compound Words 202
c Hyphens to Join Word Units 203
d Hyphens to Join Prefixes, Suffixes,and Letters to a Word 203
e Hyphens to Avoid Ambiguity 204
33 End Punctuation 205
a Periods 205
b Question Marks 207
c Exclamation Points 209
34 Other Punctuation 210
a Dashes 210
b Slashes 212
c Parentheses 214
d Brackets 215
e Ellipsis (Omitted Words) 217
Mechanics and Spelling
35 Capitals 219
36 Abbreviations 223
a Abbreviating Numbers 223
b Abbreviating Titles 223
c Abbreviating Place Names 224
d Abbreviating Measurements 224
e Abbreviating Dates 224
f Abbreviating Initials Used
as Names 224
g Abbreviating Latin
Expressions 225
h Abbreviating Documentation 225
37 Numbers 227
38 Underlining/Italics 230
a Underlining for Titles 230
b Other Uses of Underlining 231
39 Spelling 233
a Proofreading 233
b Using Spell-Checkers 235
c Some Spelling Guidelines 235
d Plurals 241
e Sound-Alike Words (Homonyms) 243
Style and Word Choice
40 Sexist Language 247
a Alternatives to Man 247
b Alternative Job Titles 247
c Alternatives to the Male or Female Pronoun 248
41 Unnecessary Words 250
a Conciseness 250
b Cliches 253
c Pretentious Language 254
42 Appropriate Words 255
a Standard English 255
b Colloquialisms, Slang, and Regionalisms 255
c Levels of Formality 257
d Jargon and Technical Terms 260
e General and Specific Words 261
f Concrete and Abstract Words 262
g Denotation and Connotation 264
h Offensive Language 264
ESL Concerns
43 American Style in Writing 267
44 Verbs 268
a Helping Verbs with Main Verbs 268
b Two-Word (Phrasal) Verbs 270
c Verbs with -ing and to + Verb
Forms 271
45 Omitted Words 274
a Verbs 274
b Subjects and There or It 274
46 Repeated Words 275
a Subjects 275
b Pronouns and Adverbs 275
47 Count and Noncount Nouns 276
48 Adjectives and Adverbs 279
a Placement 279
b Order 279
c A/An/The 280
d Some/Any, Much/Many, Little/Few,
Less/Fewer, Enough, No 283
49 Prepositions 284
50 Idioms 286
Research
51 Finding a Topic 289
a Deciding on a Purpose 290
b Understanding Why Plagiarism Is Wrong 292
c Deciding on a Topic 296
d Narrowing the Topic 297
e Formulating a Research Question 299
f Formulating a Thesis 300
52 Searching for Information 302
a Choosing Primary and Secondary Sources 302
b Searching the Internet 305
c Searching Libraries 312
d Searching Other Sources 315
53 Using Web Resources 318
a Web Site Bibliographic
Information 318
b Useful Web Sites 321
54 Evaluating Sources 326
a Getting Started 327
b Evaluating Internet Sources 328
c Evaluating Bibliographic Citations 335
d Evaluating Content 337
55 Collecting Information 340
a Keeping Notes on a Computer 340
b Printing and Annotating Photocopies and Printouts 341
c Starting a Working Bibliography 344
d Writing Notecards 346
56 Using Sources and Avoiding
Plagiarism 346
a Recognizing Plagiarism 346
b Summarizing Without Plagiarizing 352
c Paraphrasing Without Plagiarizing 354
d Using Quotation Marks to Avoid Plagiarizing 356
e Using Signal Words and Phrases
to Integrate Sources 361
57 Writing the Research Paper 367
a Getting Started 367
b Planning and Organizing 368
c Writing a Draft 370
d Reviewing the Draft 371
e Revising, Editing, and Checking the Format 371 MLA Documentation
58 Documenting in MLA Style 374
a In-Text Citations 375
b Endnotes 378
c Works Cited List 379
d Sample MLA-Style Research
59 Documenting in APA Style 422
a In-Text Citations 423
b Footnotes 426
c References List 426
d Sample APA-Style Research Paper 435
60 Documenting in Other Styles 462
a Chicago Manual of Style (CM) 462
b Council of Science Editors (CSE) 471
c Columbia Online Style (COS) 475
d Resources for Other Styles 482
Document Design, Public Writing, and Writing About Literature
61 Document Design 485
a Principles of Document Design 486
b Visual Elements 488
c Web Page Design 490
d Paper Preparation 497
62 Public Writing 504
a Public Documents 505
b Resumes 514
63 Writing About Literature 527
a Ways to Write About Literature 527
b Writing the Assignment 529
c A Glossary of Literary Terms 531
d Conventions in Writing
About Literature 531
e Sample Paper 533
Glossary of Usage 539
Glossary of Grammatical Terms 550
Index 570