Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology

1 Microscopic Techniques1 Bright-Field Light Microscope and Microscopic Measurement of Organisms2 The Hanging Drop Slide and Bacterial Motility3 Dark-Field Light Microscope4 Phase-Contrast Light Microscope5 Flourescence Microscope2 Bacterial Morphology and Staining6 Negative Staining7 Smear Preparation and Simple Staining8 Gram Stain9 Acid-Fast Staining (Ziehl-Neelsen and Kinyoun) Procedures10 Endospore Staining (Schaeffer-Fulton or Wirtz-Conklin)11 Capsule Staining12 Flagella Staining: West and Difco's SpotTest Methods3 Basic Laboratory and Culture Techniques13 Microbiological Culture Media Preparation and Sterilization14 Culture Transfer Instruments, Techniques, and Isolation and Maintenance of Pure Cultures15 Spread-Plate Technique16 The Streak-Plate Technique and Different Media17 Pour-Plate Technique18 Cultivation of Anaerobic Bacteria19 Determination of Bacterial Numbers4 Biochemical Activities of Bacteria20 Carbohydrates I: Fermentation and B-Galactosidase Activity21 Carbohydrates II: Triple Sugar Iron Agar Tests22 Carbohydrates III: Starch Hydrolysis23 Lipids: Lipid Hydrolysis24 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes I: Hydrogen Sulfide Production and Motility25 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes II: The IMViC Tests26 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes III: Casein Hydrolysis27 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IV: Gelatin Hydrolysis28 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes V: Catalase Activity29 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VI: Coagulase and DNase Activity30 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VII: Oxidase Test31 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes VIII: Urease Activity32 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes IX: Lysine and Ornithine Decarboxylase Test33 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes X: Phenylalanine Deamination34 Proteins, Amino Acids, and Enzymes XI: Nitrate Reduction5 Rapid Multitest Systems35 The API 20E System36 The Enterotube II System6 Unknown Identification37 Using the First Edition of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology to Identify Bacteria38 General Unknown7 Environmental Factors Affecting Growth of Microorganisms39 Temperature40 pH41 Osmotic Pressure42 The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria I: Disinfectants43 The Effects of Chemical Agents on Bacteria II: Antimicrobial Agents (Kirby-Bauer Method)44 Hand Washing, Environmental Sampling, and Microbiological Monitoring45 Determination of a Bacterial Growth Curve: Classical and Two-Hour Methods8 Environmental and Food Microbiology46 Standard Coliform Most Probably Number (MPN)Test and Presence-Absence Coliform Test47 Membrane Filter Technique for Coliform and Fecal Streptococci; KONFIRM Test for Fecal Coliforms48 Isolation of Escherichia coli Bacteriophages from Sewage and Determining Bacteriophage Titers49 Enumeration of Soil Microorganisms50 Bacterial Count of a Food Product51 Examination of Milk for Bacteria9 Medical Microbiology52 Agglutination Reactions: Blood Groups53 Isolation of Normal Microbiota from the Human Body54 Staphylococci55 Pneumococci56 Streptococci57 Neisseriae58 Aerobic and Anaerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria10 Survey of Selected Eucaryotic Microorganisms59 Fungi I: Yeasts60 Fungi II: Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, and Basidiomycetes11 Microbial Genetics and Genomics61 Bacterial Mutation62 Bacterial Transformation63 Bacterial Conjugation: The Transfer of Antibiotic-Resistant Plasmids64 Isolation of Genomic DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae65 Isolation and Purification of Genomic DNA from Escherichia coli66 Identifying Archaea and Bacteria Using the Internet and Computer-Assisted Gene AnalysisAppendix A Dilutions with Sample ProblemsAppendix B Metric and English Measurement EquivalentsAppendix C Transmission-Absorbance Table for SpectrophotometryAppendix D LogarithmsAppendix E pH and pH IndicatorsAppendix F Scientific NotationAppendix G Identification ChartsAppendix H Reagents, Solutions, Stains, and TestsAppendix I Culture MediaAppendix J Sources and Maintenance of Microbiological Stock Cultures