Viroids and Satellites

VIROIDS

Part I Viroids: Economic Significance
1. Economic significance of viroids in vegetable and field crops
2. Economic significance of fruit tree and grapevine viroids
3. Economic significance of viroids in ornamental crops
4. Economic significance of palm tree viroids

Part II Viroid Characteristics
5. Viroid biology
6. Viroid structure
7. Viroid replication
8. Viroid movement
9. Viroid pathogenesis
10. Changes in the host proteome and transcriptome induced by viroid infection
11. Viroids and RNA silencing
12. Origin and evolution of viroids
13. Viroid taxonomy

Part III Viroid Diseases
14. Potato spindle tuber viroid
15. Other pospiviroids infecting solanaceous plants
16. Citrus exocortis viroid
17. Chrysanthemum stunt viroid
18. Iresine viroid 1 and a potential new pospiviroid from portulaca
19. Hop stunt viroid
20. Dahlia latent viroid
21. Apple scar skin viroid
22. Other apscaviroids infecting pome fruit trees
23. Apscaviroids infecting citrus trees
24. Apscaviroids infecting grapevine
25. Coconut cadang-cadang viroid and coconut tinangaja viroid
26. Other cocadviroids
27. Coleus blumei viroids
28. Avocado sunblotch viroid
29. Peach latent mosaic viroid in infected peach
30. Peach latent mosaic viroid in temperate fruit trees other than peach
31. Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid
32. Eggplant latent viroid

Part IV Detection and Identification Methods
33. Viroid detection and identification by bioassay
34. Gel electrophoresis
35. Molecular hybridization techniques for detecting and studying viroids
36. Viroid amplification methods: RT-PCR, Real- Time RT-PCR and RT-LAMP
37. Detection and identification of viroids by microarrays
38. Application of next-generation sequencing technologies to viroids

Part V Control Measures for Viroids and Viroid Diseases
39. Quarantine and certification for viroids and viroid diseases
40. Viroid elimination by thermotherapy, cold therapy, tissue culture, in vitro micrografting or cryotherapy
41. Decontamination measures to prevent mechanical transmission of viroids
42. Strategies to introduce resistance to viroids

Part VI Geographical Distribution of Viroids and Viroid Diseases
43. Geographical distribution of viroids in the Americas
44. Geographical distribution of viroids in Europe
45. Geographical distribution of viroids in Africa and the Middle East
46. Geographical distribution of viroids in Oceania
47. Geographical distribution of viroids in South, Southeast and East Asia

Part VII Special Topics
48. Seed, pollen and insect transmission of viroids
49. Genome editing by CRISPR-based technology: potential applications for viroids

SATELLITES

Part VIII Introduction
50. Satellite viruses and satellite nucleic acids

Part IX Impact of Satellites
51. Economic significance of satellites

Part X Satellite Characteristics
52. Biology of satellites
53. Replication of satellites
54. Satellite RNAs: their involvement in pathogenesis and RNA silencing
55. Development and application of satellite-based vectors
56. Origin and evolution of satellites
57. Satellite taxonomy

Part XI Types Satellites: A. Satellite Viruses
58. Biology and pathogenesis of satellite viruses

B. Satellite Nucleic Acids
59. Large satellite RNAs
60. Small linear satellite RNAs
61. Small circular satellite RNAs
62. Betasatellites of begomoviruses

Part XII Application to Control of Viruses
63. Satellites as viral biocontrol agents