Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistry

1. Measuring Matter and Energy 1.1 Matter and Energy 1.2 Metric and English Units 1.3 Significant Figures in Measurements 1.4 Dimensional Analysis and Unit Conversion.- 2. Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation 2.1 Elements and the Structure of the Atom 2.2 The Periodic Table of Elements 2.3 Electrons 2.4 Ions 2.5 Radioisotopes and Nuclear Radiation.- 3. Compounds and Molecules 3.1 Ionic Compounds 3.2 Covalent Compounds 3.3 Shapes of Covalent Molecules 3.4 Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules 3.5 Intermolecular Forces of Attraction.- 4. Chemical Reactions and Chemical Quantities 4.1 The Mole: Counting and Weighing Matter 4.2 Writing and Balancing a Chemical Equation 4.3 Energy and Chemical Reactions 4.4 Reaction Kinetics 4.5 Chemical Equilibrium.- 5. Changes of State and the Gas Laws 5.1 Changes of State 5.2 The Gas Laws 5.3 Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressure.- 6. Hydrocarbons 6.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons 6.2 Structure of Alkanes 6.3 Writing Alkane Structures 6.4 Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes and Alkynes 6.5 Naming Hydrocarbons 6.6 Aromatic Hydrocarbons.- 7. Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules 7.1 Alcohols and Ethers 7.2 Amines 7.3 Carbonyl Containing Functional Groups 7.4 Stereoisomers 7.5 Phosphate Ester Functional Groups.- 8. Mixtures, Solution Concentrations, and Diffusion 8.1 Mixtures and Solutions.8.2 Solution Concentrations.8.3 Colloidal Dispersions and Suspensions.8.4 Diffusion of Solutes and Solvent through Membranes.- 9. Acids and Bases 9.1 Acids and Bases 9.2 pH 9.3 Buffers.- 10. The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry.10.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 10.2 Group Transfer Reactions: Esterification and Amidation Reactions 10.3 Hydrolysis Reactions 10.4 Addition-Elimination Reactions involving Water: Hydration and Dehydration.- 11. Carbohydrates: Structure and Function 11.1 An Overview of Carbohydrates and their Function.11.2 The Structure of the Common Monosaccharides.11.3 The Structure of Complex Carbohydrates.11.4 The Role of Oligosaccharides as Cell Markers.- 12. Lipids: Structure and Function.12.1 Fatty Acids: A Component of Many Lipids.12.2 Triglycerides: Energy Storage Lipids 12.3 Phospholipid and Glycolipid Membrane Lipids 12.4 Cholesterol, Steroids and Lipoproteins.- 13. Proteins: Structure and Function 13.1 Amino Acids 13.2 Peptides 13.3 Protein Architecture 13.4 Enzymes.- 14. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 14.1 The Chemical Structure of Nucleotide and Polynucleotides 14.2 DNA Structure and Replication 14.3 The Role of DNA and RNA in Protein Synthesis.- 15. Metabolism and Bioenergetics 15.1 Overview of Energy and Metabolism 15.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism 15.3 Fatty Acid Catabolism 15.4 The Citric Acid Cycle 15.5 Oxidative Phosphorylation.