Invitation to Human Communication

PART I: FOUNDATIONS OF COMMUNICATION. 1. The Communication Process. The Definition of Communication. Civil and Ethical Communication. Communication is Symbolic. Communication is a Process. Communication is Influenced by Culture. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Aziz Abu Sarah. Types of Communication. National Geographic Explorer Tip. Models for Communication. Linear Model of Communication. Practicing Human Communication: What are you ethnic and cultural backgrounds? Practicing Human Communication: What kind of interactions have you had recently? Interactive Model of Communication. Transactional Model of Communication. Communication as an Act of Civility. Ethical Moment: Global Graffiti: Whose Space Is It? Communication and Competence. Communication Competence Requires Flexibility. Practicing Human Communication: What is Flexibility? Communication Competence Requires Practice. National Geographic Speaks: Thomas Taha Rassa Culhane: The Great Conversation. Communication Competence Requires Cognitive Complexity. Why Study Communication? Communication is Around Us. Communication is Irreversible. Communication is Always Evolving. Communication and Careers. Communication and Family. Communication and Self. Communication and Civic Engagement. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 2. Communication, Perception, and the Self. The Definition of Perception. The Process of Perception. Practicing Human Communication: What Kind of Perceptions Do You Have? Influences on Perception. Perception, Identity, and Standpoint. Speaking Visually: Media and Our Self-Concept. Perceiving our Self. Self-concept and Family. Self-concept and Culture. Self-concept and Communication. Self-esteem. Self-esteem and the Media. Case Study: Women's Self-esteem and the Media. Perceiving Others. The Power of First Impressions. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Alexandra Cousteau. Practicing Human Communication: Experiencing Stereotyping. Civility, Social Justice, and Perception. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 3. Nonverbal Communication. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication. Communication at Work: Leaders, Greetings and Cultural Differences. Nonverbal Communication is Influenced by Culture. Nonverbal Communication is Influenced by Gender. Nonverbal Communication is Relational. Nonverbal Communication is Ambiguous. Nonverbal Communication is Related to Verbal Communication. Types of Nonverbal Communication. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Mireya Mayor. Visual Codes of Nonverbal Communication. Practicing Human Communication: Reading Between the Lines. Case Study: Artifacts, Ambiguity, and Arguments. Auditory Codes of Nonverbal Communication. Communication at Work: Seconds of Silence. Invisible Codes of Nonverbal Communication. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 4. Language. The Nature of Language: Rules, Culture, Gender and Technology. Language is Governed by Rules. Language is Ambiguous. Practicing Human Communication: Denotation and Connotation. National Geographic Explorer Tip: T.H. Culhane. Language is Influenced by Cultures and Co-Cultures. Language is Influenced by Gender. Practicing Human Communication: Gender. National Geographic Speaks: Mireya Mayor: Rapport Talk. Language is Influenced by Technology. Language and Interpersonal Communication. Language and Small Group Communication. Language and Public Speaking. Hate Speech. Ethical Moment: Free Speech and "You're Going to Hell". Incoherent Speech. Case Study: It Begins with the Phrase "That so gay!". Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 5. Listening. Why Listening is Important. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Aziz Abu Sarah. Facts About Listening. Listening is Not the Same as Hearing. Listening is Not a Natural Process. Why We Sometimes Fail to Listen. Communication at Work: Employees of Different Generations Working Together. Pseudolistening. Selective Listening. Defensive Listening. Ambushing. Insulated Listening. Insensitive Listening. Stage Hogging. Technology. Differences in Listening Styles. Listening Styles. Speaker Interference. Practicing Human Communication: How can you listen more effectively? Interference caused by Information. Interference caused by Language. Interference caused by Differences. Interference caused by Technology. How to Listen Effectively. How to Listen Critically. How to Listen Civilly. Civic Engagement in Action: The Listening Project: What Does the World Think about America? Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. PART II: INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION. 6. Understanding Interpersonal Communication. Characteristics of Interpersonal Relationships. Interpersonal Relationships are Unique. Interpersonal Relationships Require Commitment. Interpersonal Relationships Are Built Around Rules. Communication at Work: The Consequences of Social Media Blunders. Types of Interpersonal Relationships. Family. Friendships. Practicing Human Communication: Can you recognize the stages of friendship? Romantic Partners. Understanding Self-Disclosure. Self-Disclosure is Like a Window. Technology and Interpersonal Relationships. National Geographic Explorer Tip: T.H. Culhane. Ethical Moment: Terminating a Relationship: Facebook or Face-to-Face? Relationships and Computer-Mediated Communication. Civic Engagement in Action: How to Respond to Cyberbullying. Gender and Interpersonal Relationships. Gender and Family. Gender and Friendships. Gender and Romantic Relationships. Culture and Interpersonal Relationships. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 7. Improving Interpersonal Communication and Relationships. Interpersonal relationships and conflict. The Nature of Conflict. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Mireya Mayor. Gender and Conflict. Culture and Conflict. National Geographic Speaks: Aziz Abu Sarah: Throwing Stones. Technology and Conflict. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Mireya Mayor. Practicing Human Communication: How have media contributed to conflict? Managing Conflict. Creating a Positive Interpersonal Communication Climate. Civility in Interpersonal Conflict. Challenges in Interpersonal Relationships. Distance. Difference. Interpersonal Violence. Civic Engagement in Action: Responding to Interpersonal Violence. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. PART III: COMMUNICATION IN GROUPS. 8. Understanding Communication in Groups and Teams. Definition of Groups and Teams. Features of Groups and Teams. Civic Engagement in Action: The Everest Peace Project: International Teamwork. National Geographic Speaks: Alexandra Cousteau: The Internet and Water. Types of Groups. Ethical Moment: Can the Maneuvers for Power Be Avoided? Practicing Human Communication: Speaking Up. Strengths of Groups and Teams. Limitations of Groups and Teams. Technology of Groups and Teams. Technology and Time. Technology and Civility. Roles in Groups and Teams. Emergence of Roles. Role-Related Problems and Solutions. Decision Making in Groups. Identify the Problem. Analyze the Problem. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Alexandra Cousteau. Suggest Possible Solutions. Consider the Implications of the Solutions. Reach a Decision about the Best Solution. Implement the Solution. Culture and Communicating in Groups. Collectivism and Individualism. Equality and Inequality. Uncertainty and Change. Short and Long-term Orientation. Types of Group Presentations. Oral Reports. Panel Discussions. Symposiums. Team Presentations. Online Forums. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 9. Improving Communication in Groups and Teams. Leadership Defined. Leadership Styles. Authoritarian Leadership. Democratic Leadership. Civic Engagement in Action: Group Communication that Supports Bio and Human Diversity. Laissez-faire Leadership. Transformative Leadership. Gender and Leadership. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Aziz Abu Sarah. Culture and Leadership. Civility and Leadership. Communication at Work: Is there a Bully at Your Work? Working Productively in Groups and Teams. Working Productively: An Overview of How Groups Function. Practicing Human Communication: Working Together. Working Productively: Stages in Group and Team Work. Working Productively: Managing Relationships in Groups and Teams . National Geographic Speaks: Aydogan Ozcan: What Can your Cell Phone Communicate? Working Productively: Conflict in Groups and Teams. Working Productively: Problem Solving in Groups and Teams. Case Study: Food Not Bombs: Decision Making by Consensus. Working Productively: Asking Questions. Organizing Meetings and Group Discussions. Facilitating Group and Team Meetings. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. PART IV: PUBLIC COMMUNICATION. 10. Developing Your Speech Topic and Purpose. Why Enter the Public Dialogue? Deciding to Speak. Being Asked to Speak. Being Required to Speak. Civic Engagement in Action: Protecting Human Rights. Your Audience. Your Audience is a Group of Diverse People. Master Statuses. National Geographic Explorer Tip: T.H. Culhane. Choosing Your Speech Topic. The Classroom Setting. Practicing Human Communication: How am I an Expert? Stating Your Speaking Goals. Articulating Your Purpose. National Geographic Speaks: Sylvia Earle: Ocean Hero. Stating Your Thesis. Practicing Human Communication: Generating Purpose Statements. Organizing your Speech. Main Points. Connectives. Transitions. Internal Previews. Internal Summaries. Signposts. Speaking Visually: What's in a Tattoo? Introductions and Conclusions. The Introduction. Preparing a Compelling Introduction. The Conclusion. Preparing a Compelling Conclusion. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 11. Gathering and Developing Supporting Materials. Use Your Personal Knowledge and Experience. Search for Materials. Find Materials from the Internet. The Ethics of Internet Research. Research Materials at the Library. Speaking Visually: Dissuade People from Trying Meth-Even Once. Conduct Research Interviews. Determine Who to Interview. Design the Interview Questions. Scheduling and Conducting the Interview. Civic Engagement in Action: I Had No Idea Anyone Was Listening. Ethical Interviews. Developing Your Supporting Materials. Examples. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Mireya Mayor. Narratives. Statistics. National Geographic Speaks: Albert Yu-Min Lin: Extreme Engineering in the "Forbidden Zone". Testimony. Definitions. Understanding the Patterns of Reasoning. Inductive Reasoning. Deductive Reasoning. Causal Reasoning. Analogical Reasoning. Reasoning by Sign. Reasoning and Emotion. Practicing Human Communication: Test the Reasoning of Your Argument. Be Aware of Fallacies in Reasoning. Ad Hominen: Against the Person. Bandwagon: Everyone Else Agrees. Ethical Moment: Are we allowed to say anything we want? Either-Or: A False Dilemma. Red Herring: Raising an Irrelevant Issue. Slippery Slope: The Second Step is Inevitable. False Cause: Mistaking a Chronological Relationship. Hasty Generalization: Too Few Examples. Tips for Reasoning Ethically. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 12. Delivering Your Speech. Methods of Delivery. Extemporaneous Delivery. Civic Engagement in Action: Alright, Hear This. Impromptu Delivery. Practicing Human Communication: Comparing Delivery Tips. Manuscript Delivery. Verbal Components of Delivery. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Alexandra Cousteau. Nonverbal Components of Delivery. Technology and Delivery. Speaking Visually: Social Commentary: You-Tube Style. Questions and Answer Sessions. Preparing for Questions. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Alexandra Cousteau. Managing the Question-and-Answer Session. Building Your Confidence as a Public Speaker. Do your Research. Practice your Speech. Have Realistic Expectations. Practice Visualizations and Affirmations. Connect with Your Audience. Practicing Human Communication: Building Confidence. Sample Speeches. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 13. Informative Speaking. Types of Informative Speeches. Speeches about Processes. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Mireya Mayor. Speeches about Events. Speeches about Places and People. Civic Engagement in Action: To the Rescue!. Speeches about Objects. Speeches about Concepts. Practicing Human Communication: Select an Informative Speech Type. Organizational Patterns for Informative Speeches. Chronological Pattern. Spatial Pattern. Causal Pattern. Topical Pattern. Practicing Human Communication: Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Informative Speech. Tips for Effective Informative Speeches. Bring Your Topic to Life. Tailor Your Information to Your Audience. Use Language that is Clear and Unbiased. Ethical Informative Speaking. Ethical Moment: When Must We Speak? Preparation Outline with Commentary: Tap by Rachel Rota. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 14. Persuasive Speaking. Types of Persuasive Speaking. Questions of Fact. Questions of Value. Questions of Policy. Practicing Human Communication: Select a Persuasive Speech Type. Civic Engagement in Action: A Few Citizen Activists with Buckets. Organization of Speeches on Questions of Fact. Organization of Speeches of Questions of Value. National Geographic Speaks: Dino Martins: Working Behind the Scenes with Insects. Organization of Speeches of Questions of Policy. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Aziz Abu Sarah. Problem-Solution Organizational Pattern. Problem-Cause-Solution Organizational Pattern. Causal Organization. Narrative Organization. Comparative Advantages Organization. Monroe's Motivated Sequence. Connecting With Your Audience. Visual Aids and Persuasive Speeches. Charts. Graphs. Speaking Visually: Ribbon Campaign and Awareness Bracelets. Practicing Human Communication: Select an Organizational Pattern for your Persuasive Speech. Tips for Giving Effective Persuasive Speeches. Be Realistic about Changing Your Audience's Views. Use Evidence Fairly and Strategically. Use Language that Encourages an Audience to Change. Ethical Persuasive Speaking. Preparation Outline with Commentary: No Child Left Behind: Addressing the School Dropout Rate Among Latinos by Dana Barker. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. 15. Invitational Speaking. The Invitational Speaking Environment. A Real World Example of an Invitational Environment. The Condition of Equality. The Condition of Value. The Condition of Self-Determination. Types of Invitational Speeches. Speeches to Explore an Issue. National Geographic Explorer Tip: Alexandra Cousteau. Speeches to Articulate a Position. Civic Engagement in Action: Trespassers Welcome. Practicing Human Communication; Select an Invitational Speech Type. Organizational Patterns for Invitational Speeches. Chronological Pattern. Spatial Pattern. Topical Pattern. Multiple Perspectives Pattern. Visual Aids and Invitational Speeches. Poster Boards, Flip Charts and White or Smart Boards. Practicing Human Communication: Select an Organizational Pattern for Your Invitational Speech. Tips for Giving Effective Invitational Speeches. Use Invitational Language. Allow Time for Discussion. Know Your Position. Ethical Invitational Speaking. Stay True to your Purpose. Share your Perspective and Listen to Others. Student Speech: Need Title. Chapter Summary. Key Concepts. Further Reflection and Discussion. Activities and Web Links. End Notes. Glossary.