Problem-Based Immunology

IMMUNIZATION Background . Rationale for immunization . General principles of immunization . Broad classes of vaccines . Role of adjuvants . Vaccine efficacy and safety . Vaccine strategies in development . Novel vaccine applications Cases 1. Deliberate natural immunization (Leishmania) 2. Immunization in the bioterrorist era; small pox (or anthrax) 3. Immunization in the elderly (influenza) 4. Passive immunization: tetanus toxoid 5. Novel approaches for HIV vaccines 6. Polio vaccines- Salk versus Sabin 7. Cancer vaccine HYPERSENSITIVITY Background . General principles . Gell and Coombs classifications . Sensitization and effector phases of Types I-IV hypersensitivity reactions Cases 8. Anaphylaxis 9. Asthma 10. Transfusion reaction 11. Hemolytic disease of the newborn 12. Serum sickness 13. Farmer's lung 14. Tuberculosis 15. Poison Ivy dermatitis AUTOIMMUNITY Background . General principles of tolerance induction . Current evidence/hypothesis for loss of tolerance . Evidence supporting a role for genetics in autoimmune disorders . Immunopathology associated with autoreactive antibodies . Immunopathology associated with T cell mediated damage Cases 16. Rheumatoid arthritis 17. Systemic lupus erythematosus 18. Graves' disease 19. Wegener's granulomatosis 20. Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 21. Myasthenia gravis 22. Multiple sclerosis 23. Hashimoto's thyroiditis IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS Background . General principles of primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders . Dysfunctions that lead to primary immunodeficiency disorders affecting (a) T cells and B cells combined, (b) T cells, (c) B cells, (d) Complement, (e) phagocytes . Conditions that lead to secondary immunodeficiencies Cases 24. Severe combined immunodeficiency disorder 25. DiGeorge's syndrome 26. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 27. Bruton's agammaglobuliniemia (hypogammaglobulinemia) 28. Selective IgA deficiency 29. Hyper IgM syndrome 30. Chromic granulomatous disease 31. Hereditary neurotic angioedema 32. C3 complement deficiency or (C8 complement deficiency) 33. Leukocyte adhesion defect 34. Acquired immunodeficiency disorder 35. Alcoholism and secondary immunodeficiency TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY Background . General principles of tumor immunology . Tumor specific antigens . Tumor associated antigens . Immunosurveillance mechanisms for eliminating tumors . Evasion of immunosurveillance . Novel therapies Cases 36. Choriocarcinoma ( HCG ) 37. Colonic carcinoma (CEA) 38. Melanoma 39. Multiple myeloma 40. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia 41. Hodgkin's lymphoma 42. Liver (or testicular) tumor (AFP) TRANSPLANTATION Background . General Features . Surgical and ischemia/reperfusion damage . Role of activated tissue macrophages and activated vascular endothelial cells . Adaptive immunity in graft rejection . Tissue matching . Non specific Immunosuppression . Specific Immunosuppression Cases 43. Intestinal transplant 44. Pancreas transplant 45. Kidney transplant 46. Bone marrow transplant 47. Heart (or Liver) transplant