The Social Movements Reader

List of Key Concepts and Chronologies viii List of Activist Biographies ix Part I Introduction 1 1 Editors' Introduction 3 Jeff Goodwin and James M. Jasper Part II When and Why Do Social Movements Occur? 9 2 The Women's Movement 13 Jo Freeman 3 The Gay Liberation Movement 24 John D'Emilio 4 Occupy Wall Street 30 Ruth Milkman, Stephanie Luce, and Penny Lewis 5 The Egyptian Revolution 45 Manuel Castells Part III Who Joins or Supports Movements? 53 6 The Free-Rider Problem 59 Mancur Olson 7 Recruits to Civil Rights Activism 65 Doug McAdam 8 Who Are the Radical Islamists? 76 Charles Kurzman 9 Women's Mobilization into the Salvadoran Guerrilla Army 83 Jocelyn S. Viterna Part IV Who Remains in Movements, Who Drops Out, and Why? 101 10 Generating Commitment among Students 105 Eric L. Hirsch 11 Sustaining Commitment among Radical Feminists 114 Nancy Whittier 12 True Believers and Charismatic Cults 126 Janja Lalich 13 Are Frames Enough? 136 Charlotte Ryan and William A. Gamson 14 The Emotional Benefits of Insurgency in El Salvador 143 Elisabeth Jean Wood 15 Classic Protest Songs: A List 153 Part V How Are Movements Organized? 155 16 Social Movement Organizations 159 John D. McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald 17 Transnational Environmental Activism 175 Paul Wapner 18 The Transnational Network for Democratic Globalization 184 Jackie Smith 19 Meeting Arenas 196 Christoph Haug Part VI What Do Movements Do? 213 20 Tactical Innovation in the Civil Rights Movement 219 Aldon D. Morris 21 Armed Struggle in the South African Anti-Apartheid Movement 224 Gay Seidman 22 Suicide Bombing 239 Robert J. Brym 23 Everyday Life, Routine Politics, and Protest 246 Javier Auyero 24 The Emotion Work of Movements 254 Deborah B. Gould 25 Tactical Repertoires: Same-Sex Weddings 266 Verta Taylor, Katrina Kimport, Nella Van Dyke, and Ellen Ann Andersen Part VII How Do Movements Interact with Other Players? 283 26 Farmworkers' Movements in Changing Political Contexts 287 J. Craig Jenkins and Charles Perrow 27 Movements in the Media 302 Edwin Amenta, Neal Caren, Sheera Joy Olasky, and James E. Stobaugh 28 What Shapes the West's Human Rights Focus? 317 James Ron, Howard Ramos, and Kathleen Rodgers 29 The Quest for International Allies 325 Clifford Bob 30 Global Corporations, Global Unions 335 Stephen Lerner Part VIII Why Do Movements Decline? 343 31 The Decline of the Women's Movement 347 Barbara Epstein 32 The Dilemmas of Identity Politics 354 Joshua Gamson 33 The Repression/Protest Paradox in Central America 363 Charles D. Brockett 34 Counterinsurgency 370 Ian Roxborough Part IX What Changes Do Movements Bring About? 379 35 Defining Movement "Success" 383 William A. Gamson 36 How Social Movements Matter 386 David S. Meyer 37 Environmental Justice 391 David Naguib Pellow and Robert J. Brulle 38 Understanding Revolutions: The Arab Uprisings 398 Jack A. Goldstone 39 Why Nonviolence Sometimes Fails: China in 1989 405 Sharon Erickson Nepstad References for Part Introductions and Key Concepts 416 Index 419