Management, Recycling, and Reuse of Waste Composites
V. Goodship(Editor)
CRC Press
Published on 1. June 2010
Book
Hardback
624 pages
978-1-4398-2765-9 (ISBN)
Description
This authoritative reference provides a comprehensive review of the management, recycling and reuse of waste composites. These are issues which are of increasing importance due to the growing use of composites in many industries as well as increasingly strict legislation and concerns about disposal of composites by landfill or incineration.
Part one discusses the management of waste composites and includes an introduction to composites recycling and a chapter on EU legislation for recycling waste composites. Part two reviews thermal technologies for recycling waste composites with chapters on pyrolysis, catalytic transformation, thermal treatments for energy recovery and fluidized bed pyrolysis. Part three covers mechanical methods of recycling waste composites. This section includes chapters on additives for recycled plastic composites, improving mechanical recycling and the quality and durability of mechanically recycled composites. Part four discusses improving sustainable manufacture of composites, with chapters on environmentally-friendly filament winding of FRP composites, process monitoring and new developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites. Part five gives a review of case studies including end-of-life wind turbine blades, aerospace composites, marine composites, composites in construction and the recycling of concrete.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the disposal or recycling of waste composites.
Part one discusses the management of waste composites and includes an introduction to composites recycling and a chapter on EU legislation for recycling waste composites. Part two reviews thermal technologies for recycling waste composites with chapters on pyrolysis, catalytic transformation, thermal treatments for energy recovery and fluidized bed pyrolysis. Part three covers mechanical methods of recycling waste composites. This section includes chapters on additives for recycled plastic composites, improving mechanical recycling and the quality and durability of mechanically recycled composites. Part four discusses improving sustainable manufacture of composites, with chapters on environmentally-friendly filament winding of FRP composites, process monitoring and new developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites. Part five gives a review of case studies including end-of-life wind turbine blades, aerospace composites, marine composites, composites in construction and the recycling of concrete.
With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Management, Recycling and Reuse of Waste Composites is a standard reference for anyone involved in the disposal or recycling of waste composites.
More details
Language
English
Place of publication
Bosa Roca
United States
Publishing group
Taylor & Francis Inc
Target group
College/higher education
Dimensions
Height: 229 mm
Width: 152 mm
ISBN-13
978-1-4398-2765-9 (9781439827659)
Copyright in bibliographic data is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or its licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Person
Dr. Vannessa Goodship is a Principal Research Fellow in the International Automotive Research Centre, WMG, at The University of Warwick. She worked in the plastics industry for fourteen years prior to working at Warwick and has been published widely in the field.
Content
PART 1: MANAGEMENT OF WASTE COMPOSITES
An introduction to composites recycling; N Reynolds and M Pharaoh, The University of Warwick, UK
- Composite material types
- Physical properties
- Current composite market
- What is 'suitability for recycling'? Recycling methods
Legislation for recycling waste composites; R Stewart, The University of Warwick, UK
- Legislation
- Brief history of the European Union
- Environmental Action Programme 6 and the shape of future legislation
- Next steps for waste management
- The Waste Framework Directive
- Environmental Permitting Regulations
- The Landfill Directive
- Integrated product policy
- United Kingdom legislation: The Climate Change Act 2008
- End-of-Life Vehicle Directive
- Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Regulations
Waste management; R Stewart, The University of Warwick, UK
- The Waste Framework Directive
- Environmental Permitting Regulations
- End-of-Life Vehicle Directive
- Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Regulations
- Classification and labelling of waste
PART 2 THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING WASTE COMPOSITES
Thermal methods for recycling waste composites; S J Pickering, University of Nottingham, UK
- The fluidised bed recycling process
- Properties of the recycled fibre
- Applications for reuse of the fibres recycled from the fluidised bed process
- Prospects for commercial operation
- Current research, future trends and sources of further information and advice
Pyrolysis for recycling waste composites; M Blazo, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
- Pyrolysis reactions and products of thermoplastics
- Pyrolysis reactions and products of thermosets
- Pyrolyser reactors for polymer recycling
- Pyrolysis of polymer composites
- Pyrolysis conditions for polymer composites recycling
- Environmental concern about pyrolysis products of composites
- Summarising comments on recycling polymer composites by pyrolysis
- Acknowledgements
Catalytic processing of waste polymer composites; M A Keane, Heriot-Watt University, UK
- Waste polymer recycle: motivation
- Thermal decomposition of waste plastics
- Catalytic approach to polymer recycling
- Catalytic treatment of non-halogen containing polymer waste
- Catalytic treatment of halogenated polymers: focus on polyvinyl chloride
- Future trends and conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
Advanced thermal treatment of composite wastes for energy recovery; P Lettieri, L Yassin and S J R Simons University College London, UK
- Introduction to waste management
- Techno-economic analysis of energy from waste advanced thermal processes
- Sample calculations
- Notation
Fluidized bed pyrolysis of waste polymer composites for oil and gas recovery; W Kaminsky, University of Hamburg, Germany
- Introduction
- Pyrolysis
- Fluidized bed pyrolysis
- Polymer composite materials
- Gas and oil recovery
- Possibilities and limits: future trends
PART 3 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING WASTE COMPOSITES
Mechanical methods for recycling waste composites; K Makenji, The University of Warwick, UK
- Introduction and background
- Identification of waste plastic materials and fillers
- Waste preparation, sorting and readiness for end application use
Additives to upgrade mechanically recycled plastic composites; R Pfaendner, Ciba Lampertheim GmbH, Germany
- Properties of recycled plastics and recycled composites
- Additives to upgrade recycled plastics
- Specific examples of additives for recycled plastic composites
- Conclusions and future trends
- List of additives mentioned in sections 10.3 and 10.4
Improving the mechanical recycling and reuse of mixed plastics and polymer composites; K Tarverdi, Brunel University, UK
- Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers
- Polymer composites
- Materials recycling
- Consumer protection
- The powder impression moulding process
- Future technologies for converting mixed waste plastic (composites) into products
- Case studies, recycling archives
- Sources of further information and advice
Quality and durability of recycled composite materials; K L Pickering, University of Waikato, New Zealand and M D H Beg, University of Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
- Recycling thermoset matrix composites
- Recycling thermoplastic matrix composites
PART 4 IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITES
Clean and environmentally friendly wet-filament winding; N Shotton-Gale, D Harris, S D Pandita, M A Paget, J A Allen and G F Fernando, University of Birmingham, UK
- Resin impregnation modelling
- The application of selected impregnation models to clean filament winding
- Clean filament winding: resin impregnation unit
- Experimental
- Results and discussion
Process monitoring and damage detection using optical fibre sensors; D Harris, V R Machavaram and G F Fernando, University of Birmingham, UK
- Introduction to optical fibres
- Introduction to chemical process monitoring
- Hybrid fibre sensors (small-diameter optical fibres)
- Damage detection using self-sensing composites
- Conventional optical fibre sensors
- Sensing strategies
- Sensors for monitoring strain and temperature
- Applications of fibre Bragg grating and Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors in composites
- Multi-measurand sensor design
New developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites; G F Smith, The University of Warwick, UK
- Glass fibre composites
- Carbon fibre composites
- Natural fibres
- Multi-layer, multi-functional composites
- Sustainability
- Biomimetics
- Self-reinforced composites
- Nanoparticulate composites
- Hybrid structures
PART 5 CASE STUDIES
Designing composite wind turbine blades for disposal, recycling or reuse; N Papadakis, Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Crete, Greece, C Ramirez, Centro de Ingenier-a Avanzada en Turbom Aquinas S.de R.L. de C.V, Mexico and N Reynolds, The University of Warwick, UK
- Current wind energy market and trends
- Turbine design and manufacture
- Usage
- End of life
In-process composite recycling in the aerospace industry; K Potter and C Ward, University of Bristol, UK
- Composite consumption in the aerospace industry
- Scrap in the aerospace composites industry
- Composite design and manufacture and their influence on scrap generation
- Composite design choices and their effect on manufacture, Further composite design effects, Uncured scrap material and reuse potential
- Future trends in composites manufacture, impacts on waste generation
- Sources of further information and advice
Disposal of composite boats and other marine composites; M M Singh, J Summerscales, University of Plymouth and K Wittamore, Triskel Consultants Limited, UK
- Market size
- The design phase
- The manufacture and marketing phase
- The use phase
- End of life
- Vive la difference?
Sustainable fibre-reinforced polymer composites in construction; M Fan, Brunel University, UK
- Basic concept and history
- Polymer composites in building construction
- Composites in bridge construction
- Composites in other constructions
- Performance in use
- Construction wastes, reclaim and recycling
- New development and challenge of construction composites
- Acknowledgements
Recycling of concrete; P Purnell, University of Leeds and A Dunster, BRE, UK
- Concrete as a composite
- Sustainability: incentives for recycling
- Future trends and drivers
- Recycling of concrete
- Recycling of concrete from pre-cast operations
- End uses (recycled concrete aggregate in ready-mixed concrete)
- End uses of recycled concrete aggregate in other construction applications
- Overall view
- Trade bodies/useful websites
Each chapter includes an Introduction, Conclusions, and References
An introduction to composites recycling; N Reynolds and M Pharaoh, The University of Warwick, UK
- Composite material types
- Physical properties
- Current composite market
- What is 'suitability for recycling'? Recycling methods
Legislation for recycling waste composites; R Stewart, The University of Warwick, UK
- Legislation
- Brief history of the European Union
- Environmental Action Programme 6 and the shape of future legislation
- Next steps for waste management
- The Waste Framework Directive
- Environmental Permitting Regulations
- The Landfill Directive
- Integrated product policy
- United Kingdom legislation: The Climate Change Act 2008
- End-of-Life Vehicle Directive
- Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Regulations
Waste management; R Stewart, The University of Warwick, UK
- The Waste Framework Directive
- Environmental Permitting Regulations
- End-of-Life Vehicle Directive
- Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment Regulations
- Classification and labelling of waste
PART 2 THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING WASTE COMPOSITES
Thermal methods for recycling waste composites; S J Pickering, University of Nottingham, UK
- The fluidised bed recycling process
- Properties of the recycled fibre
- Applications for reuse of the fibres recycled from the fluidised bed process
- Prospects for commercial operation
- Current research, future trends and sources of further information and advice
Pyrolysis for recycling waste composites; M Blazo, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Hungary
- Pyrolysis reactions and products of thermoplastics
- Pyrolysis reactions and products of thermosets
- Pyrolyser reactors for polymer recycling
- Pyrolysis of polymer composites
- Pyrolysis conditions for polymer composites recycling
- Environmental concern about pyrolysis products of composites
- Summarising comments on recycling polymer composites by pyrolysis
- Acknowledgements
Catalytic processing of waste polymer composites; M A Keane, Heriot-Watt University, UK
- Waste polymer recycle: motivation
- Thermal decomposition of waste plastics
- Catalytic approach to polymer recycling
- Catalytic treatment of non-halogen containing polymer waste
- Catalytic treatment of halogenated polymers: focus on polyvinyl chloride
- Future trends and conclusions
- Sources of further information and advice
Advanced thermal treatment of composite wastes for energy recovery; P Lettieri, L Yassin and S J R Simons University College London, UK
- Introduction to waste management
- Techno-economic analysis of energy from waste advanced thermal processes
- Sample calculations
- Notation
Fluidized bed pyrolysis of waste polymer composites for oil and gas recovery; W Kaminsky, University of Hamburg, Germany
- Introduction
- Pyrolysis
- Fluidized bed pyrolysis
- Polymer composite materials
- Gas and oil recovery
- Possibilities and limits: future trends
PART 3 MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR RECYCLING WASTE COMPOSITES
Mechanical methods for recycling waste composites; K Makenji, The University of Warwick, UK
- Introduction and background
- Identification of waste plastic materials and fillers
- Waste preparation, sorting and readiness for end application use
Additives to upgrade mechanically recycled plastic composites; R Pfaendner, Ciba Lampertheim GmbH, Germany
- Properties of recycled plastics and recycled composites
- Additives to upgrade recycled plastics
- Specific examples of additives for recycled plastic composites
- Conclusions and future trends
- List of additives mentioned in sections 10.3 and 10.4
Improving the mechanical recycling and reuse of mixed plastics and polymer composites; K Tarverdi, Brunel University, UK
- Thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers
- Polymer composites
- Materials recycling
- Consumer protection
- The powder impression moulding process
- Future technologies for converting mixed waste plastic (composites) into products
- Case studies, recycling archives
- Sources of further information and advice
Quality and durability of recycled composite materials; K L Pickering, University of Waikato, New Zealand and M D H Beg, University of Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
- Recycling thermoset matrix composites
- Recycling thermoplastic matrix composites
PART 4 IMPROVING SUSTAINABLE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITES
Clean and environmentally friendly wet-filament winding; N Shotton-Gale, D Harris, S D Pandita, M A Paget, J A Allen and G F Fernando, University of Birmingham, UK
- Resin impregnation modelling
- The application of selected impregnation models to clean filament winding
- Clean filament winding: resin impregnation unit
- Experimental
- Results and discussion
Process monitoring and damage detection using optical fibre sensors; D Harris, V R Machavaram and G F Fernando, University of Birmingham, UK
- Introduction to optical fibres
- Introduction to chemical process monitoring
- Hybrid fibre sensors (small-diameter optical fibres)
- Damage detection using self-sensing composites
- Conventional optical fibre sensors
- Sensing strategies
- Sensors for monitoring strain and temperature
- Applications of fibre Bragg grating and Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors in composites
- Multi-measurand sensor design
New developments in producing more functional and sustainable composites; G F Smith, The University of Warwick, UK
- Glass fibre composites
- Carbon fibre composites
- Natural fibres
- Multi-layer, multi-functional composites
- Sustainability
- Biomimetics
- Self-reinforced composites
- Nanoparticulate composites
- Hybrid structures
PART 5 CASE STUDIES
Designing composite wind turbine blades for disposal, recycling or reuse; N Papadakis, Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Crete, Greece, C Ramirez, Centro de Ingenier-a Avanzada en Turbom Aquinas S.de R.L. de C.V, Mexico and N Reynolds, The University of Warwick, UK
- Current wind energy market and trends
- Turbine design and manufacture
- Usage
- End of life
In-process composite recycling in the aerospace industry; K Potter and C Ward, University of Bristol, UK
- Composite consumption in the aerospace industry
- Scrap in the aerospace composites industry
- Composite design and manufacture and their influence on scrap generation
- Composite design choices and their effect on manufacture, Further composite design effects, Uncured scrap material and reuse potential
- Future trends in composites manufacture, impacts on waste generation
- Sources of further information and advice
Disposal of composite boats and other marine composites; M M Singh, J Summerscales, University of Plymouth and K Wittamore, Triskel Consultants Limited, UK
- Market size
- The design phase
- The manufacture and marketing phase
- The use phase
- End of life
- Vive la difference?
Sustainable fibre-reinforced polymer composites in construction; M Fan, Brunel University, UK
- Basic concept and history
- Polymer composites in building construction
- Composites in bridge construction
- Composites in other constructions
- Performance in use
- Construction wastes, reclaim and recycling
- New development and challenge of construction composites
- Acknowledgements
Recycling of concrete; P Purnell, University of Leeds and A Dunster, BRE, UK
- Concrete as a composite
- Sustainability: incentives for recycling
- Future trends and drivers
- Recycling of concrete
- Recycling of concrete from pre-cast operations
- End uses (recycled concrete aggregate in ready-mixed concrete)
- End uses of recycled concrete aggregate in other construction applications
- Overall view
- Trade bodies/useful websites
Each chapter includes an Introduction, Conclusions, and References