Race and Racisms
A Critical Approach
3rd Edition
Published in September 2021
Book
Paperback/Softback
560 pages
978-0-19-753321-5 (ISBN)
Description
Race and Racisms: A Critical Approach, Third Edition, engages students in significant-and timely-questions related to racial dynamics in the U.S. and around the world. Written in accessible, straightforward language, the book discusses and critically analyzes cutting-edge scholarship in the field. Organized into topics and concepts rather than discrete racial groups, the text addresses:
* How and when the idea of race was created and developed
* How structural racism has worked historically to reproduce inequality
* How we have a society rampant with racial inequality though most people do not consider themselves to be racist
* How race, class, and gender work together to create inequality and identities
* How immigration policy in the United States has been racialized
* How racial justice could be imagined and realized
Centrally focused on racial dynamics, Race and Racisms, Third Edition, incorporates an intersectional perspective, discussing the intersections of racism, patriarchy, and capitalism.
* How and when the idea of race was created and developed
* How structural racism has worked historically to reproduce inequality
* How we have a society rampant with racial inequality though most people do not consider themselves to be racist
* How race, class, and gender work together to create inequality and identities
* How immigration policy in the United States has been racialized
* How racial justice could be imagined and realized
Centrally focused on racial dynamics, Race and Racisms, Third Edition, incorporates an intersectional perspective, discussing the intersections of racism, patriarchy, and capitalism.
Reviews / Votes
Race and Racisms is exactly what I had been looking for in a textbook. It is extraordinarily well-organized, well-written, and rigorously inclusive. * Marisela Martinez-Cola, lUtah State University * This is the leading textbook on critical perspectives on race and racism in sociology. It is far ahead of competitors that focus on race/ethnic groups. * Juan Salinas, lSonoma State University* This is a book for teachers who are interested in preparing their students to develop the skills and tools to not only use identity and understand key historical moments, theoretical frameworks, and approaches to race and ethnicity, but to also enter the world and talk about race. * Edelina Burciaga, lUC-Denver *
More details
Edition
3rd Revised edition
Language
English
Place of publication
New York
United States
Target group
College/higher education
Edition type
Revised edition
Dimensions
Height: 235 mm
Width: 191 mm
ISBN-13
978-0-19-753321-5 (9780197533215)
Copyright in bibliographic data and cover images is held by Nielsen Book Services Limited or by the publishers or by their respective licensors: all rights reserved.
Schweitzer Classification
Other editions
Additional editions
Loose-leaf edition
07/2021
3rd Edition
Oxford University Press
€75.04
Article exhausted; check different version
Person
Tanya Maria Golash-Boza is Professor of Sociology at University of California-Merced.
Content
Contents
List of Excerpts Letter from the Author About the Author Preface 1
THE ORIGIN OF THE IDEA OF RACE
Chapter Outline
Defining Race and Ethnicity Race: The Evolution of an Ideology Historical Precedents to the Idea of Race Slavery before the Idea of Race European Encounters with Indigenous Peoples of the Americas Slavery and Colonization Voices: The Spanish Treatment of Indigenous Peoples research focus: Slave Fights and Runaway Communities in Colonial Angola Exploitation in the Thirteen English Colonies Voices: From Bullwhip Days Slavery versus the Ideal of Freedom in the United States GLOBAL VIEW: The Idea of Race in Latin American Nation-Making The Indian Removal Act: The Continuation of Manifest Destiny The Rise of Science and the Question of Human Difference European Taxonomies Scientific Racism in the Nineteenth Century Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 2
RACE AND CITIZENSHIP FROM THE 1840S TO THE 1920S
Chapter Outline
The Continuation of Scientific Racism Measuring Brain Size Intelligence Testing Eugenics and Pseudoscience Voices: Carrie Buck Exclusionary Immigration and Citizenship Policies Voices: Wong Foon Chuck: Making Home in the Borderlands between China, the United States, and Mexico
Excluding Asians research focus: Chinese Exclusion and Gatekeeping Ideology The Johnson-Reed Act (Immigration Act of 1924) Birthright Citizenship and Naturalization for White People Only Defining Whiteness in Court Takao Ozawa v. United States (1922) United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923) How the Irish, Italians, and Jews Became White The Irish The Italians The Jews Structural Violence against Native Americans and African Americans Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 3
RACIAL IDEOLOGIES FROM THE 1920S TO THE PRESENT
Chapter Outline
Ideological Consistency and Change Voices: Trayvon Martin Overt Racism in the Mid-twentieth Century Segregation Mass Deportation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans Internment of Japanese and Japanese Americans Voices: Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
The Civil Rights Movement and the Commitment to Change Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-Ins Freedom Rides Old versus New Racism: The Evolution of an Ideology Biological Racism Cultural Racism Color-Blind Universalism GLOBAL VIEW: Cultural Racism in Peru Color-Blind Racism Four Types of Color-Blind Racism Rhetorical Strategies of Color-Blind Racism The New Politics of Race Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 4
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF RACE AND RACISM
Chapter Outline
Individual Racism and Institutional Racism Individual Racism Voices: Microaggressions Institutional Racism GLOBAL VIEW: Microaggressions in Peru Systemic Racism and Structural Racism Systemic Racism Structural Racism Voices: J. F. "Smitty" Smith research focus: Systemic Racism and Hurricane Katrina Racial Formation Critique 1: Not Holding White People Accountable for Racial Inequality Critique 2: Not Going Far Enough to Expose the Depths of Racism Critique 3: Overlooking Parallels Between Jim Crow Racism and Racism Today research focus: Examining Legitimized Racism against Indigenous Peoples White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism Islamophobia and Anti-Arab Racism Intersectional Theories of Race and Racism research focus: White Supremacy, Patriarchy, and Global Capitalism in Migration Studies Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 5
RACISM IN THE MEDIA: THE SPREAD OF IDEOLOGY
Chapter Outline
Portrayals and Representations in Entertainment Portrayals of Black People Voices: Why Black-ish Is the Show We Need Right Now Portrayals of Latinx People Portrayals of Arabs and Arab Americans Voices: Why We Hacked Homeland Portrayals of Asians and Asian Americans Portrayals of Native Americans research focus
GLOBAL VIEW: Racial Stereotypes in Peruvian Television New Media Representations Video Games Social Media research focus: Kimberle Crenshaw on Black Women's Lives Matter
Voices: #CiteBlackWomen
Media Images and Racial Inequality Raced, Classed, and Gendered Media Images Voices: From "What's Wrong with Cultural Appropriation? These 9 Answers Reveal Its Harm" Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 6
COLORISM AND SKIN-COLOR STRATIFICATION
Chapter Outline
The History of Colorism research focus: Latinx Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order The Origins of Colorism in the Americas The Origins of Colorism in Asia and Africa The Global Color Hierarchy Asia and Asian Americans Voices: Neha Dixit Latin America and Latinx People Africa and the African Diaspora research focus: Skin Tone and School Suspension Voices: Why Black People Discriminate among Ourselves: The Toxic Legacy of Colorism Skin Color, Gender, and Beauty Voices: After #NotFairandLovely: Changing Thought Patterns Instead of Skin Tone Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 7
WHITE PRIVILEGE AND THE CHANGING U.S. RACIAL HIERARCHY
Chapter Outline
White Privilege research focus: White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack Whiteness, Class, Gender, and Sexuality Voices: Explaining White Privilege to a Broke White Person Whiteness and Racial Categories in Twenty-First-Century America Latinx People and the Multiracial Hierarchy Arab Americans, North Africans, Middle Easterners, and Their Place in the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Voices: Arab American-AKA White without the Privilege
research focus The Limits of Whiteness Multiracial Identification and the U.S. Racial Hierarchy GLOBAL VIEW: Social, Cultural, and Intergenerational Whitening in Latin America
Changes in Racial and Ethnic Classifications History of Racial and Ethnic Classifications Are Latinx People a Race or Ethnicity? Revisiting the Definitions of Race and Ethnicity Racialized Assimilation Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 8
EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY
Chapter Outline
The History of Educational Inequality Indian Schools Segregation and Landmark Court Cases Voices: Mary Tape The Persistence of Racial Segregation in the Educational System Affirmative Action in Higher Education Educational Inequality Today research focus: Native American/Alaska Native College Student Retention The Achievement Gap: Sociological Explanations for Persistent Inequality GLOBAL VIEW: Affirmative Action in Brazil Parental Socioeconomic Status Cultural Explanations: "Acting White" and Other Theories Tracking Social and Cultural Capital and Schooling Voices: Andrew Yang's Problematic Reinforcement of the Model Minority Myth Hidden Curricula and the School-to-Prison Pipeline research focus: The Asian American Achievement Paradox Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 9
INCOME AND LABOR MARKET INEQUALITY
Chapter Outline
Income Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Dimensions of Racial Disparities in the Labor Market Disparities among Women COVID-19 and Racial Economic Disparities Disparities among Asian Americans Underemployment, Unemployment, and Joblessness Voices: Foraging on the Margins of the Labor Market Sociological Explanations for Income and Labor Market Inequality Individual-Level Explanations Voices: Latina Professionals as Radicalized Tokens: Lisa's Story research focus: Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market GLOBAL VIEW: Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Structural Explanations Affirmative Action in Employment Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 10
INEQUALITY IN HOUSING AND WEALTH
Chapter Outline
Land Ownership after Slavery Residential Segregation The Creation of Residential Segregation Voices: How America's Vast Racial Wealth Gap Grew: By Plunder Discriminatory and Predatory Lending Practices research focus: The Role of Real Estate in Creating Segregated Cities Neighborhood Segregation Today Wealth Inequalities research focus: The Color of Wealth in the Nation's Capital
Inequality in Homeownership and Home Values Wealth Inequality beyond Homeownership Explaining the Wealth Gap in the Twenty-First Century research focus: Ten Myths about Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 11
RACISM AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Chapter Outline
Mass Incarceration in the United States The Rise of Mass Incarceration Mass Incarceration in a Global Context GLOBAL VIEW: Prisons in Germany and the Netherlands Race and Mass Incarceration The Inefficacy of Mass Incarceration Voices: How Can We Reconcile Prison Abolition with #MeToo?
Mass Incarceration and the War on Drugs Race, Class, Gender, and Mass Incarceration Voices: The #SayHerName Social Movement
Institutional Racism in the Criminal Justice System Racial Profiling Black Lives Matter Voices: Sandy Bland Sentencing Disparities The Ultimate Sentence: Racial Disparities in the Death Penalty Voices: Troy Davis The Economics of Mass Incarceration Private Prisons The Prison-Industrial Complex Beyond Incarceration: Collateral Consequences The Impact of Mass Incarceration on Families and Children The Lifelong Stigma of a Felony: "The New Jim Crow" research focus: Can Felons Get Jobs? Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 12
HEALTH INEQUALITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Chapter Outline
The History of Health Disparities in the United States Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans Explaining Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Today Socioeconomic Status and Health Disparities by Race/Ethnicity research focus: Racial Capitalism: A Fundamental Cause of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Inequities in the United States Segregation and Health Voices: I'm Sick of Asking the Children of Flint to Be Resilient The Effects of Individual Racism on Health Life-Course Perspectives Culture and Health GLOBAL VIEW: Health and Structural Violence in Guatemala research focus: Race, Disability, and Poverty Genetics, Race, and Health Environmental Racism Environmental Justice Voices: The Holt Family of Dickinson Tennessee Voices: The Flint Water Crisis Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 13
RACISM, NATIVISM, AND IMMIGRATION POLICY
Chapter Outline
Voices: Robert Bautista-Denied Due Process The Racialized History of U.S. Immigration Policy Race and the Making of U.S. Immigration Policies: 1790 to 1924 GLOBAL VIEW: "Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas," by Maria Duenas Nativism Between 1924 and 1964: Mass Deportation of Mexicans and the McCarran Internal Security Act The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and the Changing Face of Immigration Illegal Immigration and Policy Response The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) and Nativism Proposition 187 and the Lead-Up to IIRIRA The 1996 Laws and the Detention and Deportation of Black and Latinx Immigrants Voices: Hector, a Guatemalan Deportee Immigration Policy and Nativism in the Twenty-First Century Voices: The Zaroour Family research focus: "The Refugee Crisis at the United States-Mexico Border," by Maria Duenas Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 14
RACIAL JUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY
Chapter Outline
Perspectives on Racial Justice Recognition, Responsibility, Reconstruction, and Reparations Civil Rights Human Rights Voices: How the Murders of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd Reignited a Movement Struggles for Racial Justice Racial Justice and the Foreclosure Crisis Voices: Fighting against Foreclosures: A Racial Justice Story DREAMers and the Fight for Justice Racial Justice and Empathy Voices: Three Leadership Lessons from Opal Tometi Moving beyond Race Intersectional Analyses: Race, Class, Gender Racism and Capitalism Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 15
THINKING GLOBALLY
Race and Racisms in France, South Africa, and Brazil
Chapter Outline
How Do Other Countries Differ from the United States in Racial Dynamics? Race and Racism in France French Colonies in Africa The French Antilles African Immigration to France Discrimination and Racial and Ethnic Inequality in France Today Voices: Justice for Theo Race and Racism in South Africa Colonialism in South Africa: The British and the Dutch The Apartheid Era (1948-1994) Voices: South African Coloured Identity The Persistence of Inequality in the Post-Apartheid Era research focus: The Politics of White Youth Identity in South Africa Race and Racism in Brazil Portuguese Colonization and the Slave Trade in Brazil Whitening through Immigration and Intermarriage The Racial Democracy Myth in Brazil and Affirmative Action Voices: Brazil's Color Bind Racial Categories in Brazil Today research focus: Radical Ideology and Black-White Interracial Marriages in Rio de Janeiro Conclusion and Discussion
Check Your Understanding
List of Excerpts Letter from the Author About the Author Preface 1
THE ORIGIN OF THE IDEA OF RACE
Chapter Outline
Defining Race and Ethnicity Race: The Evolution of an Ideology Historical Precedents to the Idea of Race Slavery before the Idea of Race European Encounters with Indigenous Peoples of the Americas Slavery and Colonization Voices: The Spanish Treatment of Indigenous Peoples research focus: Slave Fights and Runaway Communities in Colonial Angola Exploitation in the Thirteen English Colonies Voices: From Bullwhip Days Slavery versus the Ideal of Freedom in the United States GLOBAL VIEW: The Idea of Race in Latin American Nation-Making The Indian Removal Act: The Continuation of Manifest Destiny The Rise of Science and the Question of Human Difference European Taxonomies Scientific Racism in the Nineteenth Century Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 2
RACE AND CITIZENSHIP FROM THE 1840S TO THE 1920S
Chapter Outline
The Continuation of Scientific Racism Measuring Brain Size Intelligence Testing Eugenics and Pseudoscience Voices: Carrie Buck Exclusionary Immigration and Citizenship Policies Voices: Wong Foon Chuck: Making Home in the Borderlands between China, the United States, and Mexico
Excluding Asians research focus: Chinese Exclusion and Gatekeeping Ideology The Johnson-Reed Act (Immigration Act of 1924) Birthright Citizenship and Naturalization for White People Only Defining Whiteness in Court Takao Ozawa v. United States (1922) United States v. Bhagat Singh Thind (1923) How the Irish, Italians, and Jews Became White The Irish The Italians The Jews Structural Violence against Native Americans and African Americans Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 3
RACIAL IDEOLOGIES FROM THE 1920S TO THE PRESENT
Chapter Outline
Ideological Consistency and Change Voices: Trayvon Martin Overt Racism in the Mid-twentieth Century Segregation Mass Deportation of Mexicans and Mexican Americans Internment of Japanese and Japanese Americans Voices: Fred Toyosaburo Korematsu The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment
The Civil Rights Movement and the Commitment to Change Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott Sit-Ins Freedom Rides Old versus New Racism: The Evolution of an Ideology Biological Racism Cultural Racism Color-Blind Universalism GLOBAL VIEW: Cultural Racism in Peru Color-Blind Racism Four Types of Color-Blind Racism Rhetorical Strategies of Color-Blind Racism The New Politics of Race Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 4
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF RACE AND RACISM
Chapter Outline
Individual Racism and Institutional Racism Individual Racism Voices: Microaggressions Institutional Racism GLOBAL VIEW: Microaggressions in Peru Systemic Racism and Structural Racism Systemic Racism Structural Racism Voices: J. F. "Smitty" Smith research focus: Systemic Racism and Hurricane Katrina Racial Formation Critique 1: Not Holding White People Accountable for Racial Inequality Critique 2: Not Going Far Enough to Expose the Depths of Racism Critique 3: Overlooking Parallels Between Jim Crow Racism and Racism Today research focus: Examining Legitimized Racism against Indigenous Peoples White Supremacy and Settler Colonialism Islamophobia and Anti-Arab Racism Intersectional Theories of Race and Racism research focus: White Supremacy, Patriarchy, and Global Capitalism in Migration Studies Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 5
RACISM IN THE MEDIA: THE SPREAD OF IDEOLOGY
Chapter Outline
Portrayals and Representations in Entertainment Portrayals of Black People Voices: Why Black-ish Is the Show We Need Right Now Portrayals of Latinx People Portrayals of Arabs and Arab Americans Voices: Why We Hacked Homeland Portrayals of Asians and Asian Americans Portrayals of Native Americans research focus
GLOBAL VIEW: Racial Stereotypes in Peruvian Television New Media Representations Video Games Social Media research focus: Kimberle Crenshaw on Black Women's Lives Matter
Voices: #CiteBlackWomen
Media Images and Racial Inequality Raced, Classed, and Gendered Media Images Voices: From "What's Wrong with Cultural Appropriation? These 9 Answers Reveal Its Harm" Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 6
COLORISM AND SKIN-COLOR STRATIFICATION
Chapter Outline
The History of Colorism research focus: Latinx Immigrants and the U.S. Racial Order The Origins of Colorism in the Americas The Origins of Colorism in Asia and Africa The Global Color Hierarchy Asia and Asian Americans Voices: Neha Dixit Latin America and Latinx People Africa and the African Diaspora research focus: Skin Tone and School Suspension Voices: Why Black People Discriminate among Ourselves: The Toxic Legacy of Colorism Skin Color, Gender, and Beauty Voices: After #NotFairandLovely: Changing Thought Patterns Instead of Skin Tone Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 7
WHITE PRIVILEGE AND THE CHANGING U.S. RACIAL HIERARCHY
Chapter Outline
White Privilege research focus: White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack Whiteness, Class, Gender, and Sexuality Voices: Explaining White Privilege to a Broke White Person Whiteness and Racial Categories in Twenty-First-Century America Latinx People and the Multiracial Hierarchy Arab Americans, North Africans, Middle Easterners, and Their Place in the U.S. Racial Hierarchy Voices: Arab American-AKA White without the Privilege
research focus The Limits of Whiteness Multiracial Identification and the U.S. Racial Hierarchy GLOBAL VIEW: Social, Cultural, and Intergenerational Whitening in Latin America
Changes in Racial and Ethnic Classifications History of Racial and Ethnic Classifications Are Latinx People a Race or Ethnicity? Revisiting the Definitions of Race and Ethnicity Racialized Assimilation Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 8
EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY
Chapter Outline
The History of Educational Inequality Indian Schools Segregation and Landmark Court Cases Voices: Mary Tape The Persistence of Racial Segregation in the Educational System Affirmative Action in Higher Education Educational Inequality Today research focus: Native American/Alaska Native College Student Retention The Achievement Gap: Sociological Explanations for Persistent Inequality GLOBAL VIEW: Affirmative Action in Brazil Parental Socioeconomic Status Cultural Explanations: "Acting White" and Other Theories Tracking Social and Cultural Capital and Schooling Voices: Andrew Yang's Problematic Reinforcement of the Model Minority Myth Hidden Curricula and the School-to-Prison Pipeline research focus: The Asian American Achievement Paradox Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 9
INCOME AND LABOR MARKET INEQUALITY
Chapter Outline
Income Inequality by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender Dimensions of Racial Disparities in the Labor Market Disparities among Women COVID-19 and Racial Economic Disparities Disparities among Asian Americans Underemployment, Unemployment, and Joblessness Voices: Foraging on the Margins of the Labor Market Sociological Explanations for Income and Labor Market Inequality Individual-Level Explanations Voices: Latina Professionals as Radicalized Tokens: Lisa's Story research focus: Discrimination in a Low-Wage Labor Market GLOBAL VIEW: Do Some Countries Discriminate More than Others? Structural Explanations Affirmative Action in Employment Entrepreneurship and Self-Employment Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 10
INEQUALITY IN HOUSING AND WEALTH
Chapter Outline
Land Ownership after Slavery Residential Segregation The Creation of Residential Segregation Voices: How America's Vast Racial Wealth Gap Grew: By Plunder Discriminatory and Predatory Lending Practices research focus: The Role of Real Estate in Creating Segregated Cities Neighborhood Segregation Today Wealth Inequalities research focus: The Color of Wealth in the Nation's Capital
Inequality in Homeownership and Home Values Wealth Inequality beyond Homeownership Explaining the Wealth Gap in the Twenty-First Century research focus: Ten Myths about Closing the Racial Wealth Gap Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 11
RACISM AND THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
Chapter Outline
Mass Incarceration in the United States The Rise of Mass Incarceration Mass Incarceration in a Global Context GLOBAL VIEW: Prisons in Germany and the Netherlands Race and Mass Incarceration The Inefficacy of Mass Incarceration Voices: How Can We Reconcile Prison Abolition with #MeToo?
Mass Incarceration and the War on Drugs Race, Class, Gender, and Mass Incarceration Voices: The #SayHerName Social Movement
Institutional Racism in the Criminal Justice System Racial Profiling Black Lives Matter Voices: Sandy Bland Sentencing Disparities The Ultimate Sentence: Racial Disparities in the Death Penalty Voices: Troy Davis The Economics of Mass Incarceration Private Prisons The Prison-Industrial Complex Beyond Incarceration: Collateral Consequences The Impact of Mass Incarceration on Families and Children The Lifelong Stigma of a Felony: "The New Jim Crow" research focus: Can Felons Get Jobs? Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 12
HEALTH INEQUALITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM, AND ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE
Chapter Outline
The History of Health Disparities in the United States Involuntary Experimentation on African Americans Explaining Health Disparities by Race and Ethnicity Today Socioeconomic Status and Health Disparities by Race/Ethnicity research focus: Racial Capitalism: A Fundamental Cause of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Inequities in the United States Segregation and Health Voices: I'm Sick of Asking the Children of Flint to Be Resilient The Effects of Individual Racism on Health Life-Course Perspectives Culture and Health GLOBAL VIEW: Health and Structural Violence in Guatemala research focus: Race, Disability, and Poverty Genetics, Race, and Health Environmental Racism Environmental Justice Voices: The Holt Family of Dickinson Tennessee Voices: The Flint Water Crisis Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 13
RACISM, NATIVISM, AND IMMIGRATION POLICY
Chapter Outline
Voices: Robert Bautista-Denied Due Process The Racialized History of U.S. Immigration Policy Race and the Making of U.S. Immigration Policies: 1790 to 1924 GLOBAL VIEW: "Culling the Masses: The Democratic Origins of Racist Immigration Policy in the Americas," by Maria Duenas Nativism Between 1924 and 1964: Mass Deportation of Mexicans and the McCarran Internal Security Act The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act and the Changing Face of Immigration Illegal Immigration and Policy Response The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA) and Nativism Proposition 187 and the Lead-Up to IIRIRA The 1996 Laws and the Detention and Deportation of Black and Latinx Immigrants Voices: Hector, a Guatemalan Deportee Immigration Policy and Nativism in the Twenty-First Century Voices: The Zaroour Family research focus: "The Refugee Crisis at the United States-Mexico Border," by Maria Duenas Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 14
RACIAL JUSTICE IN THE UNITED STATES TODAY
Chapter Outline
Perspectives on Racial Justice Recognition, Responsibility, Reconstruction, and Reparations Civil Rights Human Rights Voices: How the Murders of Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, and George Floyd Reignited a Movement Struggles for Racial Justice Racial Justice and the Foreclosure Crisis Voices: Fighting against Foreclosures: A Racial Justice Story DREAMers and the Fight for Justice Racial Justice and Empathy Voices: Three Leadership Lessons from Opal Tometi Moving beyond Race Intersectional Analyses: Race, Class, Gender Racism and Capitalism Conclusion and Discussion Check Your Understanding 15
THINKING GLOBALLY
Race and Racisms in France, South Africa, and Brazil
Chapter Outline
How Do Other Countries Differ from the United States in Racial Dynamics? Race and Racism in France French Colonies in Africa The French Antilles African Immigration to France Discrimination and Racial and Ethnic Inequality in France Today Voices: Justice for Theo Race and Racism in South Africa Colonialism in South Africa: The British and the Dutch The Apartheid Era (1948-1994) Voices: South African Coloured Identity The Persistence of Inequality in the Post-Apartheid Era research focus: The Politics of White Youth Identity in South Africa Race and Racism in Brazil Portuguese Colonization and the Slave Trade in Brazil Whitening through Immigration and Intermarriage The Racial Democracy Myth in Brazil and Affirmative Action Voices: Brazil's Color Bind Racial Categories in Brazil Today research focus: Radical Ideology and Black-White Interracial Marriages in Rio de Janeiro Conclusion and Discussion
Check Your Understanding